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Choi, Yun-Seok,Lee, Yun-Ju,Lee, Seo-Yeon,Shi, Lei,Ha, Jung-Hye,Cheong, Hae-Kap,Cheong, Chaejoon,Cohen, Robert E.,Ryu, Kyoung-Seok American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2015 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.290 No.4
<P>The ubiquitin E2 enzymes, Ube2g1 and Ube2r1, are able to synthesize Lys-48-linked polyubiquitins without an E3 ligase but how that is accomplished has been unclear. Although both E2s contain essential acidic loops, only Ube2r1 requires an additional C-terminal extension (184–196) for efficient Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity. The presence of Tyr-102 and Tyr-104 in the Ube2g1 acidic loop enhanced both ubiquitin binding and Lys-48-ubiquitylation and distinguished Ube2g1 from the otherwise similar truncated Ube2r1<SUP>1–183</SUP> (Ube2r1C). Replacement of Gln-105–Ser-106–Gly-107 in the acidic loop of Ube2r1C (Ube2r1C<SUP>YGY</SUP>) by the corresponding residues from Ube2g1 (Tyr-102–Gly-103–Tyr-104) increased Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity and ubiquitin binding. Two E2∼UB thioester mimics (oxyester and disulfide) were prepared to characterize the ubiquitin binding activity of the acidic loop. The oxyester but not the disulfide derivative was found to be a functional equivalent of the E2∼UB thioester. The ubiquitin moiety of the Ube2r1C<SUP>C93S</SUP>-[<SUP>15</SUP>N]UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyester displayed two-state conformational exchange, whereas the Ube2r1C<SUP>C93S/YGY</SUP>-[<SUP>15</SUP>N]UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyester showed predominantly one state. Together with NMR studies that compared UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyesters of the wild-type and the acidic loop mutant (Y102G/Y104G) forms of Ube2g1, <I>in vitro</I> ubiquitylation assays with various mutation forms of the E2s revealed how the intramolecular interaction between the acidic loop and the attached donor ubiquitin regulates Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity.</P>
Ko, A.R.,Yang, E.J.,Kim, M.S.,Ju, S.J. Pergamon Press 2016 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.123 No.-
The Amundsen Sea is characterized by a continental shelf, long-term sea ice, and many coastal polynyas with high biological productivity. Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias, which are dominant Antarctic krill, are major prey for most predators, such as fishes, birds, and marine mammals. An understanding of the feeding ecology of krill may provide the information for the structure and function of the Amundsen Sea ecosystem. Thus, we applied two biochemical approaches (fatty acids and stable isotopes) to determine the trophodynamics of adult krill in the Amundsen Sea. There were no significant differences in lipid contents between the two species, but the dominant storage lipids were different. Triacylglycerol (TAG) was dominant in E. superba, but wax esters (WE) were dominant in E. crystallorophias due to their different living strategies. Furthermore, the lipid content of E. crystallorophias displayed a spatial variation, being highest on the glacial edge. It was difficult to understand the feeding strategy and food source using only the fatty acid compositions of krill and in situ particulate organic matter. However, we found that specific FA ratios (18:1ω9/18:1ω7 and PUFA/SFA) and the nitrogen isotope ratio (δ<SUP>15</SUP>N) provide more insight into the feeding ecology of krill, such as feeding strategy and trophic position. These ratios suggest that E. crystallorophias consistently showed a higher degree of carnivorous feeding than E. superba in the Amundsen Sea during the austral summer. In conclusion, adult E. superba might more directly obtain their energy from in situ primary producers in the open sea, but, in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, adult E. crystallorophias seems to obtain their energy mainly through the microbial loop (microzooplankton). If so, E. crystallolophias would be a key player not only to transfer the energy from microbes to higher trophic levels but also to control the carbon and nitrogen cycle in the Amundsen Sea Polynya.
Myrthala Juárez-Treviño,Antonio Costilla Esquivel,Lilia Marytza Leal Isida,Dionicio Ángel Galarza Delgado,Manuel E. de la O Cavazos,Lourdes Garza Ocañas,Rosalinda Sepúlveda Sepúlveda 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.1
Objective: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of clozapine vs. risperidone in the treatment of aggression in conduct disorder in children and adolescents. Methods: Twenty-four children with conduct disorder aged 6 to 16 years were randomized in a prospective, double- blind trial into two groups to receive clozapine or risperidone for 16 weeks. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale score was used as the primary outcome of the study. Secondary outcomes were Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) externalization (CBCL-E) and internalization factors; Aggression, Hyperactivity and Delinquency subscales of CBCL-E, Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, and Simpson-Angus Scale. Results: Both antipsychotics were similarly effective in the primary outcome and in most of the secondary ones. Clozapine was more effective in CBCL-E, the delinquency subscale and the CGAS scores than risperidone (p =0.039, 0.010, and 0.021). Two subjects from the clozapine group were excluded due to a low neutrophil count at week four. Conclusion: Clozapine and risperidone are effective for short-term treatment of aggression in children and adolescents with conduct disorder. Clozapine was more effective than risperidone in conduct externalization factors, delinquency trait and global functioning in children and adolescents. Stronger efficacy of clozapine should be investigated in larger sample sizes using pharmacogenomic studies. White blood cell counts need to be monitored when prescribing clozapine.
Jorge E. Uribe-Juárez,Ma. Pilar Corona-Lira,Alejandro C. Ramírez-Reivich 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.5
Multilayer polymer films continue to be used in food packaging high-speed lines;this research focuses on obtaining better film adhesion under controlled sealing conditions. The present work aims to describe the presence of temperature gradients in the body of the sealing jaw, the dwell time gradients, and the surface pressure gradients, experimenting with a highspeed sealing process. The samples' adhesion was measured using the peeling test, and the peeling graphs of the tests were analyzed to observe the differences and similarities of each sealing parameter combination. Experimental data were used to generate the surface response families of the seal strength of multilayer polymer film. The model describes, in a 3D space, the influence zones that sealing parameter gradients had on the seal strength. The surface model and experimental data indicate that temperature is a decisive parameter of seal strength.
Jinzhao Shi,Ju’e Guo,Shubin Wang,Zhanhao Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.5
With reference to the characteristics of online supply chain finance, this paper establishes a credit rating index system for the loan enterprise in the online supply chain finance that is based on the third-party B2B e-commerce platform. The system applies the multi-level gray evaluation model based on the Theil index to make a comprehensive evaluation on the credit of the loan enterprise and tests the model’s feasibility through the analyses of numerical example. The evaluation model overcomes the subjectivity of weight distribution to index and presents the degree (from excellent to poor) of indices on each hierarchy distinctly so as to enable banks to take risk control specifically in operation.
Choi, Sung-E.,Kang, Yup,Jang, Hyun-Ju,Shin, Ha-Chul,Kim, Hyo-Eun,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Kim, Hae Jin,Kim, Dae Jung,Lee, Kwan-Woo S. Karger 2007 Journal of vascular research Vol.44 No.5
<P><I>Background/Aims:</I> The death of endothelial cells may play a critical role in the development of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. While free fatty acids (FFAs) may stimulate endothelial apoptosis, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this effect have not been studied intensively. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in FFA-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, we investigated the effect of different pharmacological inhibitors on palmitate-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Interestingly, lithium, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, showed a strong protective effect. <I>Methods and Results:</I> To examine the involvement of GSK-3β in palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis, its dephosphorylation at Ser<SUP>9</SUP> and enzymatic activation in response to palmitate treatment were monitored by immunoblotting and in vitro kinase assays, respectively. GSK-3β was dephosphorylated and its enzymatic activity increased in palmitate-treated HUVECs. In addition, pretreatment with other GSK-3β inhibitors, e.g. SB216763 or TDZD-8, as well as adenoviral transduction with a catalytically inactive GSK-3β had significant protective effects against palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis. <I>Conclusion:</I> These results demonstrate that the GSK-3β signalling pathway is involved in palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
초음파 적용 상온연무기용 2-유체 노즐의 분무입경 측정
나우정,주은선,정진도,송민근,이경열 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.35 No.-
상온연무기의 연무입자의 미립화에 대한 초음파 에너지의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 상온 연무기용 2-유체 노즐에 초음파 비가진 시의 상용분무, 분무노즐에 초음파 진동을 기계적 진동으로 주는 간접진동분무, 초음파를 분무액체에 직접 가하는 개질분무, 간접진동분무와 개질분무를 동시에 가하는 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용분무에 대하여 입경을 측정하였다. 분무방향 축과 반경방향 전 영역에 걸쳐서 사우터 평균지름(Sauter's mean diameter)을 측정한 결과 초음파 비가진 시인 상용분무시의 입경이 가장 크게, 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용의 경우가 가장 작게 나타났다. To figure out the effect of ultrasonic energy on the atomization of spray droplets from a twin-fluid nozzle used for cold-fog machine, spray droplets were measured according to the four experimental conditions; conventional spray where no ultrasonic energy is added, indirect vibration method where ultra vibration is added to the body of nozzle, liquid-property-change method where ultrasonic energy is added directly into the spray liquid, and combined addition method where indirect vibration method and liquid-property-change method are applied simultaneously. For all the regions according to the distance from the nozzle tip and for all radial regions, the poorest atomization was observed for the conventional spray condition and the best atomization was observed for the combined method conditions.