Preference Organization as a Characterization Device in TV Sitcoms

이조세핀(Josephine Lee) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2

Lee, Josephine. 2018. “Preference Organization as a Characterization Device in TV Sitcoms.” The Sociolinguistics Journal of Korea 26(2), 167~193. This study employs conversation analysis to examine how preference organization is exploited as a characterization device in the American sitcom, The Big Bang Theory . The analysis shows that by enacting exaggerated and overt forms of preferred actions, the relationship and personalities of the main characters are constructed in a particular light. By focusing on dispreferred turns, and especially the violations of them, the analysis also demonstrates that preference organization is used to configure the main characters as “funnily abnormal nerds” while achieving the sitcom s purpose of providing entertainment and humor. These findings shed light on the workings of fictional dialogue and the specific resources used to accomplish different identity displays of sitcom characters.

Differential Effects of Typical and Atypical Neuroleptics on Mitochondrial Function In Vitro

Josephine, S.,Napolitano, Modica,Lagace, Christopher-J.,Brennan, William-A.,Aprille, June-R. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.11

A series of typical (chlorpromazine, haloperidol and thioridazine) and atypical (risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine and olanzapine) antipsychotics were tested for effects on integrated bioenergetic functions of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Polarographic measurement of oxygen consumption in freshly isolated mitochondria showed that electron transfer activity at respiratory complex I is inhibited by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, and quetiapine, but not by clozapine, olanzapine, or thioridazine. Chlorpromazine and thioridazine act as modest uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The typical neuroleptics inhibited NADH-coenzyme Q reductase in freeze-thawed mitochondria, which is a direct measure of complex I enzyme activity. The inhibition of NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity by the atypicals risperidone and quetiapine was 2-4 fold less than that for the typical neuroleptics. Clozapine and olanzapine had only slight effects on NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity, even at 200 $\mu$ M. The relative potencies of these neuroleptic drugs as inhibitors of mitochondrial bioenergetic function is similar to their relative potencies as risk factors in the reported incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). This suggests that compromised bioenergetic function may be involved in the cellular pathology underlying TD.

Estimating PMSG Wind Turbines by Inertia and Droop Control Schemes with Intelligent Fuzzy Controller in Indian Development

Josephine. R. L,Suja. S 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

This paper presents an exploration on the effect of wind turbine contribution to the frequency control of individual systems that can be used for efficient power production in India. The research includes the study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), in wind farms. The WTs are tested for inertia and for droop responses with intelligent fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) that choose Double Input Single Output (DISO) strategy that automatically sets gain constants, as well as combined responses for the WTs. Quantitative analyses are presented for the WTs for benefits and drawbacks including appropriate selection parameters. The analysis includes inertia, droop and combined inertia, droop schemes. The reconnaissance also incorporates inertia with FLC, droop with FLC, inertia and droop with FLC schemes for detailed study of WTs, so as to forecast and achieve proper frequency control. Moreover, the analysis provides the best suited method for frequency control in PMSG.

Native-English-Speaking Teacher and Korean English Teacher Identities in EFL Co-Teaching Interaction

Josephine Mijin Lee 한국응용언어학회 2019 응용 언어학 Vol.35 No.3

This study examines how particular teacher actions occasion the categories of native speaker (NS) and non-native speaker (NNS) teachers in classroom interaction, and how they are implicative of teacher identities in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. By adopting Conversation Analysis (CA) and Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA), the purpose of this study is to establish an empirical ground for viewing NS/NNS as members’ categories rather than externally-imposed labels, thereby producing an observational account of NS/NNS teacher identity construction in situ. Data involves video recordings of co-taught elementary EFL lessons wherein two teachers - a Korean teacher and an American teacher - are present in the classroom. The analysis manifests the participants’ orientation to a normative entitlement to language expertise, momentarily positioning each other into asymmetrical categories in relation to their respective institutional roles. Also revealed is that the Korean teacher may claim epistemic access to her English expertise. By describing participants’ category-implicative actions in which NS/NNS teacher identities are occasioned, sustained, and renegotiated, this study leads to a deeper understanding of ideologies inherent in EFL co-teacher partnerships, and further suggests CA/MCA as a powerful methodological tool for analyzing teacher identities as a locally situated, interactional accomplishment.

Combatting Harmful Customs in South Sudan

Josephine Chandiru DRAMA 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2013 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.7

Co-initiations in EFL Collaborative Teaching Interaction

Josephine Lee(이미진) 한국영어교육학회 2017 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.72 No.3

The present study examines the interactional organization of EFL collaborative teaching interaction by focusing on the teachers’ co-initiation turns. Drawing on conversation analysis, the aim is to produce a fine-grained description of the interactional structure that sets coteaching apart from those of single-teacher classroom interactions. More importantly, the article also seeks to promote a deeper understanding on effective practices that teachers draw on to collaboratively manage their local classroom contingencies, coordinate student participation, and ultimately, to move towards accomplishing the curricular focus of the lesson. The analysis highlights that through the conjoined initiation turns, the teachers were able to elicit the instantaneous participation from the students to present in front of the classroom. In addition, by adjusting and reformulating the scope of each other’s initiation turns, they are also able to efficiently guide the students toward providing the correct response. Such collaboration, as it occurs in situ in the classroom, realizes a particular type of interactional competence that requires close and sensitive monitoring of both the students’ and the other co-teacher’s actions.

Disagreement Sequences in Middle School English Textbook Dialogues: A CA-informed Analysis

( Josephine Mijin Lee ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2021 중등영어교육 Vol.14 No.2

This study draws on findings in conversation analytic (CA) research to evaluate middle school English textbook dialogues and make recommendations for improvement. This study examined thirteen second grade middle school English textbooks of the revised 2015 national curriculum and compiled a collection of 19 disagreement sequences present in six of those textbooks. The final collection was analyzed by making comparisons to CA insights on disagreement and found that many of the textbook dialogues were interactionally inadequate. The majority of the scripted conversations lacked dispreferred components and consisted of bald, literal formulations of a disagreeing stance. A few others included delaying devices and turn prefaces that showed awareness of preference organization, yet some of their features were divergent from CA descriptions of doing disagreement. Only one dialogue appeared to closely resemble natural interaction by including prefatory talk with agreement. The analytic findings thereby illuminates the need for incorporating knowledge about the actual workings of spoken interaction into scripting textbook dialogues and ends with implications for language materials design.

Adjacency Pairs in The Big Bang Theory

Josephine Lee(이미진) 담화·인지언어학회 2016 담화와 인지 Vol.23 No.2

This study employs conversation analysis to examine a popular American TV sitcom, The Big Bang Theory, with the focal analytic interest placed on the workings of adjacency pairs. Taking turns within sequences as the primary unit of analysis, this article shows how adjacency pairs, and especially the violations of their normative trajectories, are exploited as a resource for occasioning audience laughter. The findings indicate that the sitcom makes use of conditionally irrelevant and inappropriate second-pair part actions, as well as ambiguous first-pair parts, to construct the TV characters as socially inept, awkward “nerds.” It is through such interactional breaches that the show succeeds in instigating humor as the characters fail to produce the preferred, acceptable, and relevanced adjacency pairs. By investigating fictional dialogue as a type of interactional data, this study provides insights not only into televisual characterization and laughter-provoking elements in sitcoms, but also the basic operations of talk-in-interaction through which everyday conversations are accomplished.

Preschool Curriculum and Policy Changes in Singapore

Josephine Ng 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2011 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.5 No.1

Educational reforms are happening around the world and policy changes are commonly initiated by governments for political or economic reasons. Singapore government recognizes the importance of building a knowledge-based economy and is reflected in the continuous rounds of education policy development and reforms. Since 2003, the Singapore Ministry of Education’s policy change in relation to the preschool curriculum, have been geared towards more child-centred teaching with an emphasis on play. In promoting preschools to adopt the play curriculum the government has introduced nationwide training for all preschool teachers and principals. In the past, the approach to education has been a meritocratic system and this has strongly reflected and shaped Singapore culture and way of life. The dramatic educational change means a shift from years of rigorous academic rote learning to a play curriculum. This will not be unproblematic. A qualitative case study research methodology was used to study the lived experiences of the stakeholders in a kindergarten. The implications of the policy change and the challenges faced by teachers will be explored.

Tracking Individual Change in Willingness to Communicate: A Comparison of Whole Class, Group, and Dyadic Interactions across Two Classroom Contexts

Josephine Lee(이미진) 한국영어교육학회 2018 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.73 No.3

This study aligns with the recent calls in L2 Willingness to Communicate (WTC) research that mark a shift from viewing WTC as a static, trait-like variable to a construct that is dynamic, fluid, and situational. To accomplish this aim, this study collected both interactional and interview data to examine the situational changes of an ESL learner’s WTC. The data was from two courses – one ESL course, and one academic graduate seminar – collected during the participant’s first semester at an American university. The findings show that the participant’s WTC fluctuates according to the course topic, interlocutors, group size, and the anxiety level of the L2 speaker. These findings imply that teachers in L2 classrooms need to take into consideration the various situational factors that promote or inhibit WTC. Other than these pedagogical implications, the study also offers a methodological framework for documenting situational WTC by means of combining interviews with conversation analysis of interactional data.