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Lee, Tae-Ho,Hwang, Hyun-Gyu,Woo, Jong-Un,Kim, Dae-Hyeon,Kim, Tae-Wook,Nahm, Sahn American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.30
<P>Amorphous KNbO<SUB>3</SUB> (KN) films were grown on a TiN/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si substrate to synthesize a KN memristor as a potential artificial synapse. The Pt/KN/TiN memristor exhibited typical and reliable bipolar switching behavior with multiple resistance levels. It also showed the transmission properties of a biological synapse, with a good conductance modulation linearity. Moreover, the KN memristor can emulate various biological synaptic plasticity characteristics including short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, spike-rate dependent plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and post-tetanic potentiation by controlling the number and rate of the potentiation spike. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is an essential property of biological synapses, is also realized in the KN memristor. The synaptic plasticity of the KN memristor can be explained by oxygen vacancy movement and oxygen vacancy filaments. The metaplasticity of biological synapses was also implemented in the KN memristor, including the metaplasticity of long-term potentiation and depression, and of STDP. Therefore, the KN memristor could be used as an artificial synapse in neuromorphic computing systems.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Nitric Oxide in the Kidney: Its Physiological Role and Pathophysiological Implications
( Jong Un Lee ) 대한전해질학회 2008 Electrolytes & Blood Pressure Vol.6 No.1
Nitric oxide has been implicated in many physiologic processes that influence both acute and long-term control of kidney function. Its net effect in the kidney is to promote natriuresis and diuresis, contributing to adaptation to variations of dietary salt intake and maintenance of normal blood pressure. A pretreatment with nitric oxide donors or L-arginine may prevent the ischemic acute renal injury. In chronic kidney diseases, the systolic blood pressure is correlated with the plasma level of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. A reduced production and biological action of nitric oxide is associated with an elevation of arterial pressure, and conversely, an exaggerated activity may represent a compensatory mechanism to mitigate the hypertension.
Lee Seung Soo,Lee Dong Hoon,Song Won Hoon,Nam Jong Kil,Han Ji Yeon,Lee Hyun Jung,Kim Tae Un,Park Sung-Woo 대한남성과학회 2020 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.38 No.3
Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) with high b-value (b=1,000 s/mm2, b1000) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to that of bpMRI with ultra-high b-value (b=1,800 s/mm2, b1800) DWI to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Materials and Methods: A total of 408 patients with suspected PCa were evaluated by bpMRI prior to biopsy. One reader retrospectively reviewed all images for confirmation of Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score. Cognitive magnetic resonance/ultrasound fusion target biopsy was done for all visible lesions (PI-RADS 3–5). Systematic biopsy was done for all cases. The csPCa detection rates were compared according to the bpMRI protocol (with/without b1800 DWI) or PI-RADS score. The accuracy of PI-RADS score was estimated using receiver operating characteristics curve. The signal intensity (SI) ratio (visible lesion/surrounding background) was evaluated. Results: Among 164 men confirmed having PCa, 102 had csPCa (Gleason score≥7). Proportions of PI-RADS score 1–2/3/4/5 without b1800 DWI (n=133) and with b1800 DWI (n=275) were 19.5%/57.9%/15.8%/6.8% and 21.1%/48.7%/22.2%/8.0%, respectively. csPCa detection rates with/without b1800 DWI were 27.6%/19.5% (p=0.048), respectively. Areas under the curve of PI-RADS grading with/without b1800 DWI for csPCa detection were 0.885 and 0.705, respectively. The SI ratio in b1800 DWI was higher than that in b1000 DWI (p<0.001). Conclusions: Adding b1800 DWI to bpMRI protocol improved the diagnostic accuracy and detection rate of csPCa. The higher SI ratio (lesion/background) in b1800 DWI enabled clearer identification of lesions.
Lee, Soo-Yeon,Go, Ga-Yeon,Vuong, Tuan Anh,Kim, Jee Won,Lee, Sullim,Jo, Ayoung,An, Jun Min,Kim, Su-Nam,Seo, Dong-Wan,Kim, Jin-Seok,Kim, Yong Kee,Kang, Jong-Sun,Lee, Sang-Jin,Bae, Gyu-Un The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1
Background: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Methods: BG-treated C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic regulators, immunostaining for a muscle marker, myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for myogenic transcription factors. Results: BG treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in the activation of Akt, thereby enhancing hetero-dimerization of MyoD and E proteins, which in turn promoted muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation. BG-treated myoblasts formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness, accompanied by enhanced Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation. Furthermore, the BG treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells restored myogenic differentiation. Conclusion: BG enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis. Thus, our study demonstrates that BG has promising potential to treat or prevent muscle loss related to aging or other pathological conditions, such as diabetes.
Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma of the Knee: a Case Report with Radiographic and MRI Finding
Lee, Seung Hyun,Lee, In Sook,Song, You Seon,Choi, Kyung Un,Kim, Jeung Il,Song, Jong Woon Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2017 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.21 No.4
Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF) is an uncommon benign tumor and a locally aggressive fibroblastic lesion. It commonly affects the palmar side of the hand and fingers, and the soles of the feet. The typical clinical manifestations are known as a poorly circumscribed, slow-growing, and asymptomatic firm mass. Most CAFs usually reveal low to intermediate or isointensity on T1-weighted images, and strong heterogeneous enhancement. However, various signal intensities on T2-weighted images have been reported depending on the degree of hypocellularity or the amount of calcification or collagen within the tumor. This report provides the radiographic and MRI finding of CAF arising in uncommon site, the knee region, of a 19-year-old male who presented with a painful and palpable mass.