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Recent Advances in the Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
John P. Hulme 한국바이오칩학회 2017 BioChip Journal Vol.11 No.2
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 20% of all documented S. aureus infections are attributable to MRSA, although for some developing countries this value can exceed 80%. Thus the rapid and accurate detection of MRSA in low resource settings (LDR) is becoming essential. Yet conventional microbial detection methods take from 1-5 days to identify MRSA. Recently, new types of automated laboratory methods as well as advances in nucleic acid testing, microfluidic technology, immunosensors, biosensors and point of care testing have reduced the time to detection to <1 hr. This review examines the current limitations and advances in methodologies employed in the rapid detection of MRSA.
John P. Hulme,Seong Soo A. An,Nicholas Goddard,Yuji Miyahara,Akio Oki 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2
A novel surface plasmon sensing platform has been fabricated in a flexible format. The procedure used to fabricate a grating coupler for SPR excitation combined standard replica molding techniques with room temperature nanoimprint lithography producing a smooth repeating structure 600 nm in width and 10 nm high. In initial tests the platform demonstrated an average signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 100:1 and sensitivity to changes in the bulk refractive index of water with temperature. A novel surface plasmon sensing platform has been fabricated in a flexible format. The procedure used to fabricate a grating coupler for SPR excitation combined standard replica molding techniques with room temperature nanoimprint lithography producing a smooth repeating structure 600 nm in width and 10 nm high. In initial tests the platform demonstrated an average signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 100:1 and sensitivity to changes in the bulk refractive index of water with temperature.
Hulme, John P.,An, Seong Soo A. Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.1
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) also known as plasma procarboxypeptidase B or U is a 60 kD glycoprotein, which is the major modulator of fibrinolysis in plasma. TAFI is a proenzyme, which is activated by proteolytic cleavage to an active carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme (TAFIa, 35.8 kD) by thrombin/thrombomodulin and plasmin. Modulation of fibrinolysis occurs when TAFIa enzymatically removes C-terminal lysine residues of partially degraded fibrin, thereby inhibiting the stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) modulated plasminogen activation. TAFIa undergoes a rapid conformational change at $37{^{\circ}C}$ to an inactive isoform called TAFIai. Potato tuber carboxypetidase inhibitor (PTCI) was shown to specifically bind to TAFIa as well as TAFIai. In this study, a novel immunoassay TAFIa/ai ELISA was used for quantitation of the two TAFI activation isoforms TAFIa and TAFIai. The ELISA utilizes PTCI as the capture agent and a double antibody sandwich technique for the detection. Low levels of TAFIa/ai antigen levels were detected in normal plasma and elevated levels were found in hemophilia A plasmas. TAFIa/ai antigen represents a novel marker to monitor fibrinolysis and TAFIa/ai ELISA may be a valuable assay for studying the role of TAFI in normal hemostasis and in pathological conditions.
John P. Hulme,Seong Soo A. An 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.1
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) also known as plasma procarboxypeptidase B or U is a 60 kD glycoprotein, which is the major modulator of fibrinolysis in plasma. TAFI is a proenzyme, which is activated by proteolytic cleavage to an active carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme (TAFIa, 35.8 kD) by thrombin/thrombomodulin and plasmin. Modulation of fibrinolysis occurs when TAFIa enzymatically removes C-terminal lysine residues of partially degraded fibrin, thereby inhibiting the stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) modulated plasminogen activation. TAFIa undergoes a rapid conformational change at 37℃ to an inactive isoform called TAFIai. Potato tuber carboxypetidase inhibitor (PTCI) was shown to specifically bind to TAFIa as well as TAFIai. In this study, a novel immunoassay TAFIa/ai ELISA was used for quantitation of the two TAFI activation isoforms TAFIa and TAFIai. The ELISA utilizes PTCI as the capture agent and a double antibody sandwich technique for the detection. Low levels of TAFIa/ai antigen levels were detected in normal plasma and elevated levels were found in hemophilia A plasmas. TAFIa/ai antigen represents a novel marker to monitor fibrinolysis and TAFIa/ai ELISA may be a valuable assay for studying the role of TAFI in normal hemostasis and in pathological conditions.
Recent Trends in the Detection of Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7
Si-Ying Wu,John P. Hulme,안성수 한국바이오칩학회 2015 BioChip Journal Vol.9 No.3
The rapid and accurate detection of pathogenicEscherichia coli (E. coli) poses a significant healthproblem in both developed and developing countriesaround the world. Conventional microbial detectionmethods can take more than 48 hours to identify a pathogenic organism. Recently new types of nucleic acid chip based methods, microfluidic devices, signal amplification methods, immunoassays and biosensors have been developed capable of detecting very low concentrations of pathogenic E. coli in a few hours. This review examines the current limitations and recent advances in methodologies employed in the rapid detection of pathogenic E. coli O157 : H7.