Intracellular Degradation of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

Ji, Suk,Shin, Ji-Eun,Kim, Yong-Cheol,Choi, Young-Nim Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.6

The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral health and disease is controversial. We have previously shown that F. nucleatum invades gingival epithelial cells. However, the destiny of the internalized F. nucleatum is not clear. In the present study, the intracellular destiny of F. nucleatum and its cytopathic effect on gingival epithelial cells were studied. The ability of F. nucleatum and seven other oral bacterial species to invade immortalized human gingival epithelial (HOK-16B) cells were compared by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. F. nucleatum had the highest invasive capacity, comparable to that of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen. Confocal microscopic examination revealed colocalization of internalized F. nucleatum with endosomes and lysosomes. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed that most intracellular F. nucleatum was located within vesicular structures with single enclosed membranes. Furthermore, F. nucleatum could not survive within gingival epithelial cells and had no cytopathic effects on host cells. Interestingly, endosomal maturation played a role in induction of the antimicrobial peptides human beta defensin (HBD)-2 and -3 by F. nucleatum from gingival epithelial cells. F. nucleatum is destined to enter an endocytic degradation pathway after invasion and has no cytopathic effect on gingival epithelial cells, which may cast new light on the role of F. nucleatum in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Measurement of Bacterial(Escherichia coli) Concentration by Flow Cytometry

Ji, Suk,Lee, Jung-Ok,Choi, Youngnim Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2005 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.30 No.2

Periodontitis is a multi-microbial disease and the comparison of a series of periodontopathogenic and nonperiodontopathogenic bacteria in terms of microbe-host interaction may provide clues to understand the microbial etiology of the disease better. When we deal with twenty different bacterial species in a study, the first technical issue is how to measure the accurate concentration and use the same number of bacterial cells. We measured bacterial concentration by enumerating bacteria stained with SYTOX green for constant time using a flow cytometer and compared the results with those obtained by plate counting. Concentrations calculated by two different methods were very close. Therefore, flow cytometric counting allowed the rapid analysis of live/dead bacteria, offering the advantage of turbidity measurement and that of colony counting together.

Innate immune response to oral bacteria and the immune evasive characteristics of periodontal pathogens

Ji, Suk,Choi, Youngnim Korean Academy of Periodontology 2013 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.43 No.1

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue caused by subgingival plaque-associated bacteria. Periodontitis has long been understood to be the result of an excessive host response to plaque bacteria. In addition, periodontal pathogens have been regarded as the causative agents that induce a hyperinflammatory response from the host. In this brief review, host-microbe interaction of nonperiodontopathic versus periodontopathic bacteria with innate immune components encountered in the gingival sulcus will be described. In particular, we will describe the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and phagocytosis by neutrophils, the induction of tissue-destructive mediators from neutrophils, the induction of AMPs and interleukin (IL)-8 from gingival epithelial cells, and the pattern recognition receptors that mediate the regulation of AMPs and IL-8 in gingival epithelial cells. This review indicates that true periodontal pathogens are poor activators/suppressors of a host immune response, and they evade host defense mechanisms.

Toll-Like Receptor 2 and NALP2 Mediate Induction of Human Beta-Defensins by Fusobacterium nucleatum in Gingival Epithelial Cells

Ji, Suk,Shin, Ji Eun,Kim, Young Sook,Oh, Ju-Eun,Min, Byung-Moo,Choi, Youngnim American Society for Microbiology 2009 Infection and immunity Vol.77 No.3

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>We previously reported that infection by <I>Fusobacterium nucleatum</I> strongly induced the expression of both human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 by gingival epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and regulatory mechanisms involved in the induction of HBD-2 and -3 expression by <I>F. nucleatum</I> in gingival epithelial cells. Immortalized human gingival epithelial HOK-16B cells were infected with live or heat-killed <I>F. nucleatum</I>, and the expression of HBDs and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was examined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Live, but not heat-killed, <I>F. nucleatum</I> invaded HOK-16B cells, as seen by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Live <I>F. nucleatum</I> induced both HBD-2 and -3 efficiently, whereas heat-killed bacteria induced only HBD-3 at a reduced level. Knockdown of NACHT-LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 2 (NALP2), the most abundant intracellular PRR in HOK-16B cells, by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly reduced the induction of HBD-3 but not HBD-2 and IL-8. In addition, knockdown of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by RNAi reduced the upregulation of HBD-2 and -3 but not IL-8. Heat-killed <I>F. nucleatum</I> was hindered in its ability to activate TLR2 and JNK signaling pathways. Theses data show that TLR2 and NALP2 mediate the induction of HBDs by <I>F. nucleatum</I> in gingival epithelial cells, but thresholds for the two HBD genes are different.</P>

한일 6학년 국어교과서에 내장된 가치관 비교

신지숙 ( Shin¸ Ji-suk ) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2020 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.86

韓国と日本、両国の小学校六年生の国語教科書に載っている教材がどういう価値観を構築しているのか究明するのが、この論文の目的である。対象としては、文学作品のみならず、実用文を含めて全教材を射程に入れた。主題の領域は、両国の教育基本法に基づき、個人·社会·国家·人類·自然に大別し、すべての教材の主題を読み取り、領域別に分類整理して特徴を分析した。日本は39本の教材に42の主題が、韓国は106本の教材に113の主題が盛り込まれている。 韓国の教科書は、社会的な価値を、個人的な価値に劣らないほど、人間の営みにおいて重要視し、人間関係において追求されるべき核心的な価値として善を強調する。個人の人格においては、判断力、智慧などの知性を感性や意志より重要視する。さらに、すべての領域において現実に対する批評能力を重んずる。ひとことでまとめれば、批評的な知性と善を重んずる価値観を打ち出しているといえる。 一方、日本の教科書は、人間の営みにおいて、自然に対する姿勢を強調する価値観を示しており、個人の人格においてもその自然を享受できる感性の側面が最も重要視される。それに引き替え、現実社会の問題にはあまり注目しない。ひとことでまとめれば、エコロジカルな倫理を重んずる価値観を打ち出しているといえる。 両国の教材の主題を個別的に観れば、数の違いはあるものの、共通する主題もかなりある。智慧、知識、和解、国家の文化の尊重、自然保護、自然に対する感性などである。しかし、両国が、現在、国民に教育し、受け継がせようとする価値の強調点は明らかに異なる。日本は自然との調和のほうに、韓国は批評的な知性による人間社会の正義と善のほうに傍点を打つ。 The purpose of this study is to investigate the values established by the National Language textbooks provided for the education of 6th graders in elementary schools of Korea and Japan. The study included the whole contents of the textbook which include literary works as well as practical texts. The areas of the subject were divided into individual, social, mankind, and nature based on the Fundamentals of Education Act practiced by both countries. The subject of each textbook was then deduced and were put through the process of classification, organization, and characteristic analysis. Japanese textbook had 42 subjects included in 39 textbooks while Korean textbook had 113 subjects included in 106 textbooks. Korean textbook considers social value as important as individual values when it comes to life, and counts goodness as the key value to pursue when it comes to relationship. For individual personality, intelligence-related aspects such as judgment and wisdom were placed above sentiments and will. As a whole, it can be concluded that contents in Korean textbook consider instilling critical mind for reality in all areas as an important goal. This indicates the fact that Korean textbooks for 6th graders prioritize values such as critical intelligence and goodness. On the other hand, Japanese textbooks emphasizes the attitude one takes toward nature more than individual value in life. The contents prioritizes sentimental aspect in individual’s personality which allows each individual to enjoy nature. However, the contents do not highlight realistic issues happening within the society. This indicates that Japanese textbooks used for 6th graders promote ecological moral value.

비반복적 본색과 예술적 필치 -1970년대 북한의 조선화 형식론-

홍지석 ( Hong¸ Ji-suk ) 동양미술사학회 2022 동양미술사학 Vol.14 No.-

1970년대 북한 조선화 형식론의 주요 특징으로는 기법과 수법의 상위개념으로서 ‘화법’ 개념의 정립, 색채의 주관적 인식(일반성)과 객관적 지각(개별성)을 포괄하는 개념으로서 ‘제색(본색)’ 개념의 부상, 예술적 형상화의 높이에 올라선 ‘예술적 필치’ 개념에 대한 강조 등으로 요약할 수 있다. 1970년대 북한 조선화 형식론은 대립하는 것들의 중재, 또는 갈등의 봉합을 추구했다. 그들은 ‘화법’, ‘제색(본색)’, ‘예술적 필치’ 등을 내세워 선과 색, 본색과 반사색, 몰골법과 구륵법 등 대립으로 이끌어지기 쉬운 것들을 담론 체계 안에 효율적으로 통합하고자 했다. 그들은 이것이 조선화의 개조발전과 현대화의 길이라고 믿었다. 그러나 이렇듯 조율과 중재, 봉합과 화해를 지향하는 개념들은 차이들, 곧 서로 다른 입장들이 경쟁하면서 새로운 대안을 모색하는 담론장의 역동성을 약화시키는 결과를 초래했다. 1970년대에 구축된 조선화 형식체계는 이후 큰 변화 없이 유지되면서 조선화 창작과 수용에 절대적인 영향력을 행사했다. ‘화법’, ‘제색’, ‘필치’ 등의 개념들은 모두 조선화를 제작하는 예술가들의 능동적 관여를 강조했지만 그 관여는 언제나 지배체제의 이념이 정해준 길을 따라야 했다. 그런 의미에서 1970년대 조선화 형식론은 궁극적으로 형식 문제를 이념 문제에 종속시키는 방향으로 진행됐다고 말할 수 있다. There are three main characteristics that we can find in the discourse of North Korean art on the form of Joseon painting in the 1970’s. The first is the establishment of the concept of ‘ways of painting’ as a higher concept of technique and method, the second is the rise of the concept of "true color" as a concept that encompasses subjective cognition(generality) and objective perception(individuality), and the third is the emphasis on the concept of "artistic strokes" bringing artistic life to the lines. In the 1970’s, Art critics on the form of Joseon painting sought to mediate or suture the crack between conflicting things. They tried to efficiently integrate things that are likely to lead to confrontation, such as line and color, conceptual color and sensible color into the discourse system by putting forward "ways of painting," "true color," and "artistic strokes" They believed that this was the path to renovation and modernization of Joseon painting. However, these concepts aimed at mediation, suture, and reconciliation resulted in weakening the dynamics of the discourse field seeking new alternatives as differences, that is, different positions competed. The Joseon painting format system established in the 1970’s has since been maintained without significant change, exerting an absolute influence on the creation and reception of Joseon painting. Concepts such as "ways of painting," "true color," and "artistic strokes" all emphasized the active involvement of artists who create Joseon paintings, but their involvement always had to follow the path set by the ideology of the governing system. In that sense, it can be said that the theory on the form of Joseon painting in the 1970's ultimately proceeded in the direction of subordinating formal issues to ideological issues.

Physicochemical Quality Characteristics of Sansuyu Sikhye (Korean Tranditional Rice Beverage) used Cornus fruit Powder and Extract

Jisuk Jeung,Hongbi Lee,Jiyoung Kim,Geungyoo Park,Seukwan Kang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this experiment, hot air-dried, freeze-dried cornus fruit powder and extract were used to make sansuyu sikhye. According to the results, cornus fruit extract is high in functional components, but while being saccharified, moroniside and loganin are reduced considerably and antioxidative activation was also lowered. As the time of saccharification increases, a-value is significantly more decreased in sikhye made of extract than sikhye which powder is added to; however, six hours after saccharification, a-value is found to be higher in FSP (freeze-dried cornus fruit powder)-added sikhye than DSP (hot air-dried cornus fruit powder)-added one, so it helps cornus fruit to maintain its original red color. As the addition of FSP increases, the color is more preferred, and concerning general quality characteristics, when FSP is added as 1.0 to 1.5%, the sikhye is evaluated to be the best. To make sansuyu sikhye, it is thought to be appropriate to perform the first saccharification on malt extract at 50℃ for heightening the sugar content and then add FSP as 1.0 to 1.5% for the second saccharification for increasing the contents of functional substances in cornus fruit. Therefore, it seems to be possible to develop processed goods using FSP.

The study of sulfide mineralization in the ophiolite of the Kocali Complex in Gaziantep province, Turkey

Jisuk Kang,Insung Lee,Cahit Donmez,Nail Yildirim,Se Won Chang,James Farquhar 대한지질학회 2013 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

Team Standing’s Influence on Throwback and Current Team Apparel Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Role of Power Distance Belief

Jisuk Chang,Choong Hoon Lim,Jiho Kim,Inae Oh 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.4

Despite the popularity of throwback apparel, few extant studies have investigated factors that differentially affect throwback and current apparel preferences. In this study, we suggest that the negative effects of poor team performance are especially relevant to low power distance belief fans and that throwback apparel is more resilient to these negative effects due to its nostalgic nature. Thus, the current study investigated the interplay between sport team ranking and power distance belief in shaping NBA fans’ preferences for current and throwback apparel. This study utilized a moderated moderation analysis of team ranking, product type (throwback vs. current team apparel), and power distance belief on purchase intentions. Data was collected from 401 NBA fans via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Findings suggest that, first, team ranking significantly influenced fans’ purchase intentions in general (i.e. both throwback and current apparel). Second, there was a significant interaction effect between team ranking and product type such that lower team rankings negatively influenced only current apparel and not throwback apparel. Third, high power distance belief was positively associated with purchase intentions of both throwback and current apparel. Finally, the three-way interaction effect was significant. Specifically, the two-way interaction between team ranking and product type was found to be significant only for low power distance belief fans and not high power distance belief fans.

The Effects of Trial Procedure Factors and Deliberation Factors on Shadow Jurors’ Perceptions about the Fairness of Jury Trials in Korea

( Jisuk Woo ),( June Woong Rhee ),( Jae-hyup Lee ) 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2021 Journal of Korean Law Vol.20 No.2

Using survey data collected from 295 shadow jury participants in 20 jury trial cases between January and June of 2012 in South Korea, we examined whether various factors in the court proceedings and deliberations affected the shadow jurors’ perception of trial fairness and their evaluation of the jury trials in general. We found that the shadow jurors’ perceptions about the fairness of the trial were accounted for by their perceptions of how well the judges managed the trials and of how helpful the judges were in assisting the deliberation process. The shadow jurors did not think the trial was less fair because they perceived the case to be complex. Nor did they think the trial was fairer because the prosecutor made a good case against the defendant or because the defense counsel made a good defense. On the other hand, the shadow jurors’ support of the jury system in general was influenced by very different explanatory variables. The jurors’ personal characteristics, such as their degree of cognitive wants, influenced how desirable they thought the jury system is for the fairness of the trial. The shadow jurors who enjoyed debates and were willing to solve difficult problems and to learn new things were more likely to appreciate the jury trial as an institution to advance fairness in criminal justice. Also, the more the shadow jurors thought that they actively participated in the discussion process, the more desirable they considered to the jury system to be in advancing fairness. In conclusion, the shadow jurors’ attitudes toward the desirability of the jury trial most depends on the assessment of their own cognitive abilities and wants and their willingness to actively participate in the discussion.