An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity

Lin, Xiao-Li,Niu, De,Hu, Zi-Liang,Kim, Dae Heon,Jin, Yin Hua,Cai, Bin,Liu, Peng,Miura, Kenji,Yun, Dae-Jin,Kim, Woe-Yeon,Lin, Rongcheng,Jin, Jing Bo Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.4

<P>COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. However, how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown. Here we show that SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification enhances COP1 activity. Loss-of-function siz1 mutant seedlings exhibit a weak constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. SIZ1 physically interacts with COP1 and mediates the sumoylation of COP1. A K193R substitution in COP1 blocks its SUMO modification and reduces COP1 activity in vitro and in planta. Consistently, COP1 activity is reduced in siz1 and the level of HY5, a COP1 target protein, is increased in siz1. Sumoylated COP1 may exhibits higher transubiquitination activity than does non-sumoylated COP1, but SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification does not affect COP1 dimerization, COP1-HY5 interaction, and nuclear accumulation of COP1. Interestingly, prolonged light exposure reduces the sumoylation level of COP1, and COP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of SIZ1. These regulatory mechanisms may maintain the homeostasis of COP1 activity, ensuing proper photomorphogenic development in changing light environment. Our genetic and biochemical studies identify a function for SIZ1 in photomorphogenesis and reveal a novel SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase, COP1, in plants.</P>

중국 두만강변 조선족 농촌주택 평면변화에 대한 조사연구

林金花(Lin Jin-Hua) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.10

In the modern, the area of North of the Tumen River has been reclaimed and settled down by people from Korea, and still many descendents are living this area now. When they firstly settled down, they had their own architecture culture and living style. However, it has been gradually changed in a century. As we can see the from the change of residence, the style of room is simple one room since the reduction of the popularity. To satisfy demand of new generation who need independent life, barns are becoming to be rooms; sink becomes a part of kitchen; rest rooms are arranged in the rooms. However, they still preserve their traditional way of construction, which the housings still have warehouses connected to housings. and rooms(Jungji) which are located between kitchen and living rooms.

中國 蛟河縣 조선족마을 분포현황 조사 연구

임금화(Lin, Jin-hua),정연상(Jung, Yun-sang) 안동대학교 민속학연구소 2015 民俗硏究 Vol.0 No.30

근대에 들어와 한반도의 한인들은 끊임없는 자연재해, 일본의 침략, 식민지 약탈전쟁등으로 인하여 많은 사람들이 중국과 러시아로 이주하였다. 본 연구의 대상을 삼은 중국내 이주 한인들은 중국에서 정착하여 생활 한지도 한 세기 내지 한 세기 반 정도를 넘기고 있다. 이들이 이주하여 정착한 마을들은 오늘날 중국의 개혁개방 정책과 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있는 중국의 경제 상황으로 인하여 다양한 상황에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구자는 중국에 정착한 조선족 마을 분포 현황을 역사적인 자료로 정리하고 분석하였다. 고찰한 연구 결과는 차후 조선족마을 관련 연구의 초석이 될 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구는 중국 현지 학자와 공동 연구를 통해 현지 조사 및 문헌 조사를 하였다. 교하지역의 조선족 마을은 조선족들이 한국을 비롯한 외국으로 진출하거나 대도시로 이주하면서 소실되거나 한족(漢族)들의 마을로 바뀌어 가고 있는 실정이다. 이들 조선족 마을은 철도가 부설되어 있는 장도선 철도 따라, 동시에 큰 강인 납법하와 교하하가 흘러가는 주변을 따라 분포하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 철로를 따라 일제시기 많은 조선족들이 이주하였음을 말한다. 그리고 하천과 강변의 이주는 일제시기 산미증식계획인 수전개발의 결과라고 할 수 있다. In modern times, Koreans that living in the Korean Peninsula move to China and form a group living due to the constant natural disasters, the Japanese invasion and colonial war. But because of China"s reform and opening-up, Koreans are yearning to emigrate or move to big cities. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to historical record the distribution of Korean village as soon as possible. And it will be helpful for the study of Korean.

1960년대 한국건축의 전통계승논의

임금화(Lin Jin Hua),김태영(Kim Tai Young),최효승(Choi Hyo Seung) 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

Tradition means life custom, thought, emotion, and hobby that country and nation have. So such things are expressed in the traditional architecture.<br/> By the discussion of tradition about national museum of Korea, Japanese ways about the Buyeo museum, and eclecticism and vernacular memorial church for Martyrs in the 1960s, the subject on the tradition of Korean architecture was leaved to us.<br/> Therefore traditional architecture in modem age must develop and change according to new technology and materials reflected traditional style in those days.

중국 오림향 조선족 주거공간에 대한 연구

정연상,임금화,Jung, Yun-Sang,Lin, Jin-Hua 한국건축역사학회 2015 건축역사연구 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study is its residential spaces through the analysis of exterior space and interior space at Wu-lin Village(烏林屯) in Jiao-he, China. The method of this study is to search for documentation, interview, residents, make a survey of these villages about immigration history, surroundings, topographical keynotes, administration system, residential number, residential style, site composition, etc. The residents moved from Yen-bien and Jiao-he in China etc. The ancestor moved from North of Gyeong-Sang Province in South of Korea, North of Ham-Gyeong Province in North of Korea etc. The main road divides the village into two parts: the north quarter, Wu-lin Village, typified by the Chinese house, and the south quarter, You-Yi Village(友誼村), typified by the Korean-Chinese house. The houses is compose of main building and an accessory building. The main building looking south. The vegetable garden is around main buildings. The main building is compose of an On-dol room(a hot-floored room) and a kitchen, a corridor etc.

A Maternal Transcription Factor, Junction Mediating and Regulatory Protein is Required for Preimplantation Development in the Mouse

Lin, Zi-Li,Li, Ying-Hua,Jin, Yong- Xun,Kim, Nam-Hyung The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2019 발생과 생식 Vol.23 No.3

Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY) is a regulator of both transcription and actin filament assembly. The actin-regulatory activity of JMY is based on a cluster of three actin-binding Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (WH2) domains that nucleate actin filaments directly and promote nucleation of the Arp2/3 complex. In addition to these activities, we examined the activity of JMY generation in early embryo of mice carrying mutations in the JMY gene by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome engineering. We demonstrated that JMY protein shuttled expression between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Knockout of exon 2, CA (central domain and Arp2/3-binding acidic domain) and NLS-2 (nuclear localization signal domain) on the JMY gene by CRISPR/Cas9 system was effective and markedly impeded embryonic development. Additionally, it impaired transcription and zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-related genes. These results suggest that JMY acts as a transcription factor, which is essential for the early embryonic development in mice.

The interaction of serum albumin with ginsenoside Rh2 resulted in the downregulation of ginsenoside Rh2 cytotoxicity

Lin, Yingjia,Li, Yang,Song, Zhi-Guang,Zhu, Hongyan,Jin, Ying-Hua The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were $3.5{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were $1.4{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.

豆滿江 北岸 中流 朝鮮族 農村마을 空間構造의 變化 : 龍井市 三合鎭 咸沙洞마을을 對象으로

林金花,金泰永 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2007 産業科學硏究 Vol.24 No.2

From 19th century the middle Tumen Riverside up Because of the increasing nember of the migrations, Salary Policy had been abolished by the government since 1881. In 1885, 700-meter-long and 40∼50-meter- wide north coast area of Duman River was detelinined as "area for Korean people" and let the immigration from the Korea reclaim legally. So, many villages were formed from then on. Newly formed villages now become the villages of Yanbian area. Accordingly, the villages which are near from the city deteloped much, while those are far away from the city are developing a litte slower though, they still conserve the our traditionality and contribute to the development of the city and society. Therefore, to search out the formation and development of the villages and the contribution to the future for the rural communities in these circumstance above is the main goal.

Effect of sun ginseng potentiation on epirubicin and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells

Lin, Yingjia,Jiang, Dan,Li, Yang,Han, Xinye,Yu, Di,Park, Jeong Hill,Jin, Ying-Hua The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.1

Background: Sun ginseng (SG), a specific formulation of quality-controlled red ginseng, contains approximately equal amounts of three major ginsenosides (RK1, Rg3, and Rg5), which reportedly has antitumor-promoting activities in animal models. Methods: MTT assay was used to assess whether SG can potentiate the anticancer activity of epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells; apoptosis status was analyzed by annexin V-FITC and PI and analyzed by flow cytometry; and apoptosis pathway was studied by analysis of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation, mitochondrial accumulation of Bax and Bak, and cytochrome c release. Results: SG remarkably enhances cancer cell death induced by epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells. Results of the mechanism study highlighted the cooperation between SG and epirubicin or paclitaxel in activating caspase-3 and -9 but not caspase-8. Moreover, SG significantly increased the mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak triggered by epirubicin or paclitaxel as well as the subsequent release of cytochrome c in the targeted cells. Conclusion: SG significantly potentiated the anticancer activities of epirubicin and paclitaxel in a synergistic manner. These effects were associated with the increased mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak that led to an enhanced cytochrome c release, caspase-9/-3 activation, and apoptosis. Treating cancer cells by combining epirubicin and paclitaxel with SG may prove to be a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of the two drug types.

Geographic Distribution and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer During 2011 in Zhejiang Province of China

Lin, Xia-Lu,Chen, Yan,Gong, Wei-Wei,Wu, Zhao-Fan,Zou, Bao-Bo,Zhao, Jin-Shun,Gu, Hua,Jiang, Jian-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Background: To explore etiology for providing scientific clues for the prevention of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Data for lung cancer incidence and meteorological geographic factors from 25 counties in Zhejiang province of China during 2011 were studied. Stepwise multiple regression and correlation analysis were performed to analyze the geographic distribution and epidemiology of lung cancer. Results: 8,291 new cases (5,998 in males and 2,293 females) of lung cancer during 2011 in Zhejiang province were reported in the 25 studied counties. Reported and standardized incidence rates for lung cancer were 58.0 and 47.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of lung cancer increased with age. Geographic distribution analysis shows that the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer in northeastern Zhejiang province were higher than in the southwestern part, such as in Nanhu, Fuyang, Wuxing and Yuyao counties, where the rates were more than 50 per 100,000 population. In the southwestern Zhejiang province, for instance, in Yueqing, Xianju and Jiande counties, the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were lower than 37 per 100,000 population. Spearman correlation tests showed that forest coverage rate, air quality index (AQI), and annual precipitation level are associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Conclusions: Lung cancer in Zhejiang province shows obvious regional differences. High incidence appears associated with low forest coverage rate, poor air quality and low annual precipitation. Therefore, increasing the forest coverage rate and controlling air pollution may play an important role in lung cancer prevention.