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Predictive Sentence Processing: Evidence from Passive Relative Clause Processing
김나연,Jiayi Lu 한국영어학회 2022 영어학 Vol.22 No.-
Previous studies proposed that readers engage in predictive processing by showing that the processing of expected elements is facilitated compared to unexpected elements (Frazier and d’Arcais 1989, Frazier and Clifton 1989, Stowe 1986). However, others claim that such processing facilitation can also be attributed to integration facilitation (Gibson 1998, 2000, Grodner and Gibson 2005). Using a self-paced reading experiment, this study provides evidence for predictive processing by examining the processing of passive relative clauses with pied-piped by-phrases. We found evidence that the processing of inanimate embedded subjects is facilitated after encountering by-phrases, an effect that can only be attributed to predictive processing rather than integration facilitation. Overall, this study provides further evidence that readers engage in a predictive structure-building processes ahead of encountering unequivocal bottom-up input (Phillips 2006, Staub and Clifton 2006, Wagers and Phillips 2009, Yoshida 2006, Yoshida, Dickey and Sturt 2013).
An Illusion of Grammaticality in Wh-Questions
Nayoun Kim,Jiayi Lu 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.3
This paper investigates the lingering effects of wh-question contexts, involving in particular wh-adjuncts and wh-arguments. We present novel evidence that initial interpretations of adjunct wh-phrases can potentially linger in the subsequent parse, thereby ameliorating the acceptability of apparent island violations. Results from the study’s Q/A pair formal acceptability rating experiment reveal that why -questions with attachment ambiguity allow the grammatical alternative parse to “linger”, augmenting acceptability judgments even when a disambiguating answer sentence forces an ungrammatical or less preferred interpretation. From a methodological perspective, this study also illustrates how the linkage between string acceptability and structural well-formedness could potentially fail.
Intelligent computational design of scalene-faceted flat-foldable tessellations
Chen Yao,Lu Chenhao,Yan Jiayi,Feng Jian,Sareh Pooya 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.5
Origami tessellations can be folded from a given planar pattern into a three-dimensional object with specific geometric properties, inspiring developments in various fields of science and engineering such as deployable structures, energy absorption devices, reconfigurable robots, and metamaterials. However, the range of existing origami patterns with functional properties such as flat-foldability is rather scant, as analytical solutions to constraint equations arising in the design process are generally highly complicated. In this paper, we tackle the challenging problem of automated design of scalene-faceted flat-foldable origami tessellations using an efficient metaheuristic algorithm. To this end, this study establishes constraint curves based on compatibility conditions for all six-fold (i.e., degree-6) vertices. Subsequently, a graphical method and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method are adopted to produce optimal origami patterns. Moreover, mountain-valley assignments for the obtained geometric designs are determined using a computational approach based on mixed-integer linear programming. It turns out that the flat-foldable internal vertices of each C2-symmetric unit fragment (UF) exist as C2-symmetric pairs about the centroid of the UF. Furthermore, numerical experiments are carried out to examine the feasibility and compare the accuracy, computational efficiency, and global convergence of the proposed methods. The results of numerical experiments demonstrated that, in comparison with the graphical method, the proposed PSO method has not only a higher accuracy but also a significantly lower computational cost, enabling us to develop an intelligent computational platform to efficiently design scalene-faceted flat-foldable origami tessellations.