In Vitro Screening for Compounds Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Antiviral Activities Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

( Jia Cheng ),( Na Sun ),( Xin Zhao ),( Li Niu ),( Mei Qin Song ),( Yao Gui Sun ),( Jun Bing Jiang ),( Jian Hua Guo2 ),( Yuan Sheng Bai ),( Jun Ping He ),( Hong Quan Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8

Seventeen compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were tested for their antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro. Visualization with the cytopathologic effect (CPE) assay and the 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were used to determine the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) in cultured Marc-145 cells. Among the tested compounds, chlorogenic acid and scutellarin showed potential anti-PRRSV activity. The EC50 values were 270.8 ± 14.6 μg/ml and 28.21 ± 26.0 μg/ml and the selectivity indexes were >5.54 and 35.5, respectively. The time-of-addition and virucidal assay indicated that the anti-PRRSV activity of the two compounds could be due to their inhibiting the early stage of virus replication and/or inactivating the virus directly. The inhibition of the virus attachment was not observed in the adsorption inhibition assay. The inhibition ratios of chlorogenic acid and scutellarin were, respectively, 90.8% and 61.1% at the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results have provided a basis for further exploration of their antiviral properties and mechanisms in vivo. We believe that the chlorogenic acid and scutellarin have a great potential to be developed as new anti-PRRSV drugs for clinical application.

RNA binding protein QKI contributes to WT1 mRNA and suppresses apoptosis in ST cells

Xin Liu,Jia Guo,Mengjiao Zhou,Yuwei Yang,Mengdi Liang,Chunyan Bai,Zhihui Zhao,Boxing Sun 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.9

The RNA binding protein quaking (QKI), a key member of the STAR family, as an upstream gene could involve in much process including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and so on. However, the roles of QKI in germ cell, especially in swine testis (ST) cells, was not clear currently. And apoptosis plays important roles in the growth and development. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between QKI and apoptosis in ST cells. Firstly, our results showed that pEF1α- QKI and shQKI3 have clear effects on expression levels of QKI. Secondly, we established that QKI directly binds to WT1 3′UTR by binding with QRE-1 (2046–2052 bp, ACT AAC ) only. Furthermore, QKI overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of WT1 and Bcl-2. QKI also has the effect on delaying the degradation of WT1 mRNA. In addition, we verified that QKI had a significantly suppressed apoptosis in ST cells. Finally, pBI-WT1 could make up for shQKI3-induced decrease in WT1, Bcl-2 mRNA levels and suppress apoptosis in ST cells. The results demonstrated that QKI was an important regulatory factor that affects apoptosis by targeting WT1 gene.

Design of 1500V solar inverter stack beyond megawatt in NPC1 topology

Xin Hao,Kwok-Wai Ma,Jia Zhao,Xin-Yu Sun 전력전자학회 2017 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.7

This paper describes a design concept of NPC1 power stack for 1500VDC megawatt level solar inverter. This stack uses three latest half-bridge IGBT modules with highest power density and operation junction temperature, which enable realization of power level beyond 1MW without paralleling. Critical design concept on loop inductance is explained. Dynamic characteristics are verified by double-pulse test. Thermal characteristics and output power limits are verified by thermal test. Temperature-sensitive component on PCB as output power constraint is identified. Different PCB repositioning solutions are tested to give the overall output power thermal derating curves, which enable output power of 1.15MW at TA=55°C with 15°C thermal margin. The power stack characteristic and performance change under different thermal environment is further analyzed.

Thioredoxin A of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Contributes to Virulence by Inhibiting the Expression of Pentraxin 3 to Promote Survival Within Macrophages

Zhao Chijun,Jia Xinglin,Pan Yanying,Liao Simeng,Zhang Shuo,Ji Chunxiao,Kuang Guangwei,Wu Xin,Liu Quan,Tang Yulong,Fang Lihua 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans in contact with infected pigs or their byproducts. It can employ different types of genes to defend against oxidative stress and ensure its survival. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a key antioxidant system that contributes adversity adaptation and pathogenicity. SS2 has been shown to encode putative thioredoxin genes, but the biological roles, coding sequence, and underlying mechanisms remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SSU05_0237-ORF, from a clinical SS2 strain, ZJ081101, encodes a protein of 104 amino acids with a canonical CGPC active motif and an identity 70–85% similar to the thioredoxin A (TrxA) in other microorganisms. Recombinant TrxA efficiently catalyzed the thiol-disulfide oxidoreduction of insulin. The deletion of TrxA led to a significantly slow growth and markedly compromised tolerance of the pathogen to temperature stress, as well as impaired adhesion ability to pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). However, it was not involved in H2O2 and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔTrxA strain was more susceptible to killing by macrophages through increasing NO production. Treatment with TrxA mutant strain also significantly attenuated cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis. Knockdown of pentraxin 3 in RAW 264.7 cells was more vulnerable to phagocytic activity, and TrxA promoted SS2 survival in phagocytic cells depending on pentraxin 3 activity compared with the wild-type strain. Moreover, a co-inoculation experiment in mice revealed that TrxA mutant strain is far more easily cleared from the body than the wild type strain in the period from 8–24 h, and exhibits significantly attenuated oxidative stress and liver injury. In summary, we reveal the important role of TrxA in the pathogenesis of SS2.

Iso-suillin Isolated from Suillus luteus, Induces G₁ Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma SMMC-7721 Cells

Jia, Zhi-Qiang,Chen, Ying,Yan, Yong-Xin,Zhao, Jun-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Iso-suillin, a natural product isolated from Suillus luteus, has been shown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of this compound are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how iso-suillin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in a human hepatoma cell line (SMMC-7721). We demonstrated the effects of iso-suillin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, with no apparent toxicity in normal human lymphocytes, using colony formation assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of $G_1$ phase-regulated and apoptosis-associated protein levels in iso-suillin treated SMMC-7721 cells. The results indicated that iso-suillin significantly decreased viability, induced $G_1$ phase arrest and triggered apoptosis in SMMC-7721cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of iso-suillin as a candidate for liver cancer treatment.

Fermented Pu-erh Tea Increases In Vitro Anticancer Activities in HT-29 Cells and Has Antiangiogenetic Effects on HUVECs

Zhao, Xin,Song, Jia-Le,Kim, Jong-Deog,Lee, Jong-Suk,Park, Kun-Young Begell House Inc. 2013 Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology, an Vol.32 No.4

Bamboo salt attenuates CCl₄-induced hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawley rats

Xin Zhao,Jia-Le Song,Jeung-Ha Kil,Kun-Young Park 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.4

Bamboo salt, a Korean folk medicine, is prepared with solar salt (sea salt) and baked several times at high temperatures in a bamboo case. In this study, we compared the preventive effects of bamboo salt and purified and solar salts on hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with purified and solar salts, bamboo salts prevented hepatic damage in rats, as evidenced by significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05). Bamboo salt (baked 9×) triggered the greatest reduction in these enzyme levels. In addition, it also reduced the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Histopathological sections of liver tissue demonstrated the protective effect of bamboo salt, whereas sections from animals treated with the other salt groups showed a greater degree of necrosis. We also performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses of the inflammation-related genes iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in rat liver tissues. Bamboo salt induced a significant decrease (~80%) in mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β, compared with the other salts. Thus, we found that baked bamboo salt preparations could prevent CCl₄-induced hepatic damage in vivo.

Protective effect Malus pumila Mill leaf polyphenols in reserpineinduced gastric ulcer in mice

Jia-Le Song,Kai Zhu,Xia Feng,Xin Zhao 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

The protective effect of polyphenols from Malus pumila leaf (MALP) on reserpine (10 mg/kg)- induced gastric ulcer in Kunming (KM) mice was investigated. Gastric juice secretion, pH of gastric juice, serum neuropeptides, including motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SS) levels, as well as serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-c) were measured. Gastric occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation was analyzed by RT-PCR or Western blotting. MALP reduced reserpineinduced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice. MALP increased the serum levels of VIP and SS and reduced MOT, SP, and inflammatory cytokines in serum. It also modulated the gastric expression of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation in mice. These results suggest that MALP showed a protective effect against reserpine-induced ulcer in mice by reducing gastric juice secretion, modulating serum neuropeptide levels, attenuating serum inflammatory cytokines, and regulating gastric levels of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation.

Bamboo salt attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawley rats

( Xin Zhao ),( Jia Le Song ),( Jeung Ha Kil ),( Kun Young Park ) 부산대학교 김치연구소 2013 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.16 No.-

Bamboo salt, a Korean folk medicine, is prepared with solar salt (sea salt) and baked several times at high temperatures in a bamboo case. In this study, we compared the preventive effects of bamboo salt and purified and solar salts on hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with purified and solar salts, bamboo salts prevented hepatic damage in rats, as evidenced by significantly reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05). Bamboo salt (baked 9×) triggered the greatest reduction in these enzyme levels. In addition, it also reduced the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Histopathological sections of liver tissue demonstrated the protective effect of bamboo salt, whereas sections from animals treated with the other salt groups showed a greater degree of necrosis. We also performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses of the inflammation-related genes iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in rat liver tissues. Bamboo salt induced a significant decrease (~80%) in mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β, compared with the other salts. Thus, we found that baked bamboo salt preparations could prevent CCl4-induced hepatic damage in vivo.

White Tea (Camellia sinenesis (L.)) Ethanol Extracts Attenuate Reserpine-induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice

Jia-Le Song,Yalin Zhou,Xia Feng,Xin Zhao 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

The gastroprotective effect of white tea extract ethanol (WTEE) on reserpine induced gastric ulcers in KM mice was investigated. Gastric juice secretion, the pH of gastric juice, serum neuropeptides, including motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SS) levels, and serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ were measured. WTEE dose-dependently reduced reserpine-induced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice. WTEE increased serum levels of VIP and SS and reduced levels of MOT, SP, and inflammatory cytokines in the serum. WTEE modulated gastric expression of occludin and p38 phosphorylation in ulcer-bearing mice. WTEE has a gastroprotective effect against reserpine-induced gastric ulcers in KM mice via reduction of gastric juice secretion, modulation of serum neuropeptide levels, attenuation of serum inflammatory cytokines, and regulation of gastric levels of occludin and p38 phosphorylation.