BOOK REVIEWS : Nicolas Olivier TACKETT The Destruction of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy

( Jesse D. Sloane ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2015 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1

Rebuilding Confucian Ideology: Ethnicity and Biography in the Appropriation of Tradition

Sloane, Jesse D. 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2014 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.2

The imperial family of the Jin state (1115-1234) in northern China identified itself as "Jurchen," ethnically distinct from the majority of its empire's subjects. The veneration of Confucius, his descendants and affiliated sacred sites, and the classical scholarly and artistic culture associated with him formed central elements of the ideology on which the Jin state came to rely for legitimation. This ideology also fused the Jurchen national mythology, sacred geography, and writing system with Chinese classical elements and literati cultural forms, as embodied in multilingual stele inscriptions. The role of Chinese officials in legitimizing the Jin is exemplified by Dang Huaiying (1134-1211), who produced literary and calligraphic works linking Jin rule both to Chinese antiquity and Jurchen claims of exceptionality. These approaches to legitimation were drawn on by later states in China, with Confucius's descendant Kong Yuancuo cooperating with both the Jin and Yuan courts.

Parhae in Historiography and Archaeology: International Debate and Prospects for Resolution

( Jesse D. Sloane ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2014 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.27 No.1

The history of the kingdom of Parhae (Ch. Bohai, J. Bokkai, 698-926) has been studied and debated in East Asia since the early twentieth century. Despite the scarcity of textual sources, over the past few decades, sophisticated analyses of a range of aspects of Parhae politics, society, and culture have been produced by scholars writing in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Russian. Only very recently, however, have significant efforts- led by Korean scholars-been made to expand the history of Parhae into Englishlanguage scholarship. This article serves to place these more widely accessible contributions into the context of the international and multilingual negotiation over how the history of Parhae should be understood. Readers from other disciplines who encounter this scholarship are in effect hearing only a single speaker who in practice is engaged in a lively conversation with many participants. The present study is intended to address specifically the needs of such readers, and suggests that the emphasis on “multiculturalism” in contemporary Korean society may aid Korean scholars’ engagement with international audiences on the Parhae issue.

The Destruction of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy

Sloane, Jesse D. 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2015 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1

Rebuilding Confucian Ideology: Ethnicity and Biography in the Appropriation of Tradition

( Jesse D. Sloane ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2014 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.2

The imperial family of the Jin state (1115-1234) in northern China identified itself as “Jurchen,” ethnically distinct from the majority of its empire’s subjects. The veneration of Confucius, his descendants and affiliated sacred sites, and the classical scholarly and artistic culture associated with him formed central elements of the ideology on which the Jin state came to rely for legitimation. This ideology also fused the Jurchen national mythology, sacred geography, and writing system with Chinese classical elements and literati cultural forms, as embodied in multilingual stele inscriptions. The role of Chinese officials in legitimizing the Jin is exemplified by Dang Huaiying (1134-1211), who produced literary and calligraphic works linking Jin rule both to Chinese antiquity and Jurchen claims of exceptionality. These approaches to legitimation were drawn on by later states in China, with Confucius’s descendant Kong Yuancuo cooperating with both the Jin and Yuan courts.

Confucian Pilgrimage in Late Imperial and Republican China

( Jesse Sloane ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2017 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.2

Known as the home of Confucius, Qufu represented a sacred space eliciting profound affective, intellectual, and performative responses from travelers. In contrast to the broad appeal of sacred mountains, Qufu specifically attracted educated elites. These pilgrims were familiar with and committed to the Confucian textual canon, yet their experience of Qufu’s sacred character was primarily through its physical locations, structures, and relics. Through travelogues and gazetteers, the continuing role of the Kong family as guides, and the influence of the space itself, norms of practicing and recounting the pilgrimage formed in the late Ming prefigured and shaped accounts through the Republican period by an expanding body of pilgrims including elite women, Western missionaries, and modern tourists. The late imperial status of Qufu as a sacred site laid the foundation for the tourism, commercialization, and environmental protection observed there during the Republican period.

Ethnography, Environment, and Empire

Jesse Sloane 한국중어중문학회 2013 中語中文學 Vol.55 No.-

Scholarship has generally treated the Jin empire (1115-1235) as a cohesive, integrated polity defined ethnically by its “Jurchen” rulers and delineated foremost by its southern boundary with the “native” Song dynasty. This study adds complexity to our understanding of the Jin through an examination of the travel writing of Hong Hao and Wang Ji, officials of the Song and Jin respectively who journeyed to the Jin northeastern frontier. Each text displays characteristics identified in modern imperial travel writing: Hong’s foreign account seeks and taxonomizes information to serve the interests of his own empire, while Wang’s domestic narrative negates the frontier as a zone of contact where difference is encountered and indeed expected. Examination of both texts suggests that studies of imperial and colonial contexts may benefit from greater attention to the dynamics between empires, complicating the prevailing dichotomization of “colonizer” and “colonized.”

Attitudes Toward the Northeast Frontier in the Travel Diaries of the Jin Dynasty Literati-Official Wang Ji(1128-1194)

Jesse Sloane(羅志新) 중국어문논역학회 2017 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.0 No.41

왕적(王寂, 1128~1194)은 금나라 중기의 문관이자 유명한 시인 및 산문가이다. 본 논문은 왕적이 쓴 두 편의 기행문과 그 안에 포함된 기행시들을 분석함으로써 중국 기행문학에 있어서 이들의 특징과 위치를 파악하고자 하였다. 아버지 왕초(王礎)가 요동(遼東) 지역으로 임관됨에 따라 청년 시절에 왕적은 가족과 함께 요동 지역에서 살게 되었으며, 그 가운데 현지 사람들을 만나 서로 좋은 관계를 맺은 바 있다. 그 후에 왕적은 지방관의 신분으로 요동지역을 다시 방문하기도 했지만, 오직 가족의 친구들을 만나고 유년시절에 익숙하던 풍경들을 돌아보기 위하여 요동 지역을 찾아가는 경우도 종종 있었다. 과거부터 요동지역은 거란, 한족, 발해, 여진 등 여러 민족들이 함께 거주하던 지역으로 다양한 풍속과 문화, 정치 세력들이 서로 접촉하며 혼재해 있었다. 종교와 풍속 등 면에서 중원(中原)지역과 매우 상이한 요동 지역의 문화는 금나라 중심지역에서 온 여행자들에게 상당한 이질감을 느끼게 했다. 말년에 들어 왕적은 중원지역의 생활방식과 관료로서의 가치관을 보다 적극적으로 인정하고 수용하는 한편, 변방에 있는 요동 지역과 그곳에서 만나던 친구들을 무척 그리워하기도 하였다. 그가 각각 1190년과 1191년에 쓴 두 편의 기행문은 이러한 모순적 감정을 선명하게 드러낸다. 왕적은 조정(朝廷)의 임명에 따라 요동 지역의 지방 관청을 감독하는 일을 맡았는데, 이러한 ‘감독자를 감독하는 자로서’의 직책을 통하여 그가 당시 번잡하고도 지배 권력이 막강한 금나라 제국의 정치적 입장을 대변하였음을 알 수 있다. 이점에서 그의 기행문은 근대 유럽에서 쓰인 변방에 대한 기행문들과 공통점을 지닌다. 그러나 왕적은 요동 지역의 개인과 민족, 풍속, 그리고 풍경들을 단순히 ‘타자’로 간주하지는 않았다. 요컨대, 왕적의 기행문은 근대 유럽 제국의 기행문들처럼 제국 확장에 정당성과 필연성을 부여하려는 의도를 보이지 않는다. 즉, 제국에 있어서 변방지역의 중요성을 부각시키기보다는 제국의 중심지역에 대한 관심과 역할을 더 강조하는 경향을 보이는 것이다. Contemporary studies of European travel literature have done much to illuminate the complex role of this genre in the process of empire, a role particularly conspicuous in writing about frontiers. Scholarship on Chinese literature has meanwhile described the emergence of travel writing in the Southern Song dynasty(1127-1279) as a genre allowing nuanced personal expression. These latter studies have, however, foregrounded formalistic and aesthetic concerns while evading ideological considerations. Through examination of the travel diaries of Wang Ji(1128-1194), a literati-official serving the Jin state(1115-1234), chief rival to the Southern Song, study provides a more complete understanding, methodologically and geographically, of the development of Chinese travel writing as a genre. Wang’s accounts of his journeys on the Jin northeastern frontier demonstrate that the development of travel writing as a form of personal expression was not in fact a product of the Southern Song cultural context. His writing was also intimately connected with the process of imperial expansion, in a manner contrasting markedly with the frontier accounts of modern European travelers. It functioned ideologically not to legitimize expansion into the frontier from which he wrote, but to deny the importance of the frontier to the Jin empire and assert the centrality of the metropole.