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Jeria-Orell, Manuel,Pizarro, Guadalupe del C.,Marambio, Oscar G.,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.113 No.1
<P>Several copolymer hydrogels were prepared from radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) with itaconic acid (IA) and also with citraconic acid (CA) by using different feed ratios. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR, and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by thermal analysis. The swelling process of the different hydrogels immersed in water at different pH has been studied, and also the swelling of the hydrogels loaded with metal ions (Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) was investigated. The metal-binding properties were studied by using the liquid-phase polymer-based retention technique, including studies on the influence of pH on the binding process. The efficiency of these hydrogels for the recovery of metal ions in solution was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The thermal characteristics of these copolymers were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere. Accordingly, the gels loaded with metal ions showed a slight increase of the thermal decomposition temperature when compared with the pristine gels. The copolymer gel HPMA-co-CA showed a single glass transition temperature, whereas for the copolymer systems, HPMA-co-IA, only the copolymers loaded with Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ions showed a glass transition temperature. The morphology of film produced from the copolymers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, revealing generally smooth surfaces. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>
Marambio, Oscar.G.,Pizarro, Guadalupe del C.,Jeria-Orell, Manuel,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.113 No.3
<P>Hydrophilic copolymer gels were prepared by free-radical copolymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (HMAm). The ratios of both monomers and crosslinker agent (CA) were varied, and the effect of external stimuli such as pH of the swelling media and inorganic ion interaction were investigated. The gels showed a pH-responsive behavior. The interactions of inorganic ions with the hydrophilic hydrogels were determined as a function of pH, copolymer composition, and variation of the composition crosslinking degree. Additionally, a decrease of the pH of the solution caused a decrease in the equilibrium degree of swelling of the copolymer gels. The capacity to remove several metal ions such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Fe(III) in the aqueous phase was determined by using the liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) technique. In addition, the copolymers and their complexes with transition metal ions were characterized by the monomer reactivity ratios by using the Kelen-Tüdös method, elemental analysis, FTIR and <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the results of swelling and retention capacity of metal ions of poly(NVP-co-HMAm), it was concluded that the swelling and retention capacity properties of the hydrogels depends on the reaction environment's pH. This is regarded as a functional hydrogel, which could be employed as biodegradable materials for applications in agriculture chemicals and as drug delivery systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>
Pizarro, Guadalupe Del C.,Marambio, Oscar G.,Jeria-Orell, Manuel,Huerta, Margarita R.,Rodrí,guez, Oscar O.,Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.105 No.5
<P>This article reports the synthesis of poly(N-maleoylglycine-co-itaconic acid) by radical copolymerization under different feed mole ratios and its properties to remove various metal ions, such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Fe(III), in aqueous phase with the liquid-phase polymer-based retention(LPR) technique. The interactions of inorganic ions with the hydrophilic water-soluble polymer were determined as a function of pH and filtration factor. Metal ion retention was found to strongly depend on the pH. Metal ion retention increased as pH and MG content units in the macromolecular backbone increased. The copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR, and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, and polydispersity have been determined for the copolymers. Copolymer and polymer–metal complex thermal behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques under nitrogen atmosphere. The thermal decomposition temperatures (TDT) were influenced by the copolymer composition. The copolymers present lower TDT than the polymer–metal complex with the same copolymer composition. All copolymers present a single T<SUB>g</SUB>, indicating the formation of random copolymers. A slight deviation of the T<SUB>g</SUB> for the copolymers and its complexes can be observed. The copolymer T<SUB>g</SUB> is higher than the T<SUB>g</SUB> value for the polymer–metal complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007</P>