http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Jongnam Hwang(Jongnam Hwang ),Christopher Rudnisky(Christopher Rudnisky ),Sarah Bowen(Sarah Bowen ),Jeffrey Johnson(Jeffrey Johnson ) 한국캐나다학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.22 No.1
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious life-threatening complication in individuals with diabetes. The Canadian Diabetes Association clinical guidelines recommend an annual dilated eye examination by an eye care specialist for timely detection and effective prevention. Previous studies have suggested that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with use of the recommended eye care services. However, Canadian evidence on the factors associated with SES-related inequalities in the use of eye screening services among individuals with diabetes is limited. Therefore, the aim of this aim of this study was to assess SES-related inequalities, in the of eye care services among individuals with diabetes in Alberta, Canada. We applied the econometric techniques of Concentration Index (CI), and used regression-based decomposition analysis to identify major contributors to SES-related inequalities. Horizontal inequity index (HI), which represents equal access for equal need, was calculated based on decomposition methods by quantifying contributions of need and non-need factors. SES was represented by 3 different measures: census-based median household income, and material (MDI) and social deprivation (SDI) indices. This study used data from the Alberta Diabetes Surveillance System (ADSS) 1995-2009: a total of 1,949,498 individuals with diabetes over a 15-year period were included in the analyses. Eye care service was defined in this study as any visit to an ophthalmologist, based on the medical services claims database. The study found horizontal inequity among individuals with diabetes in the use of eye care services by an ophthalmologist but these differed depending on the specific SES indicator. Income and material deprivation-related His have been in favor of richer groups (i.e., pro-rich), however, the social deprivation-related His have been in favor of poorer groups (i.e. socially deprived individuals with diabetes tended to use more eye screening services than those who were less socially deprived). In addition, the study found that the MDI and place of residence (urban/rural) were important contributors to the observed “pro-rich” income-and MDI-related CIs. The observed SDI-related inequity was explained by SDI itself. The findings imply that economic- and social-related resources generate different directions of inequalities in the use of eye screening services and also suggest the need for developing health policy to alleviate different determinants if SES-related inequalities in the use of eye screening services in individuals with diabetes in Alberta.
Learners’ Responses to a Virtual Cadaver Dissection Nerve Course in the COVID Era: A Survey Study
Jeffrey L. Lisiecki,Shepard Peir Johnson,David Grant,Kevin C. Chung 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.5
Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection. Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality. Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition ofmultimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session. Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver coursesmore effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.
An Important Role of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in the Cellular Defense Mechanism
Lee, Jong-Min,Johnson, Jeffrey A. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.2
The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory element of genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Interestingly, it has been reported that Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) regulates a wide array of ARE-driven genes in various cell types. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, which was originally identified as a binding protein of locus control region of ss-globin gene. The DNA binding sequence of Nrf2 and ARE sequence are very similar, and many studies demonstrated that Nrf2 binds to the ARE sites leading to up-regulation of downstream genes. The function of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes suggests that the Nrf2-ARE pathway is important in the cellular antioxidant defense system. In support of this, many studies showed a critical role of Nrf2 in cellular protection and anti-carcinogenicity, implying that the Nrf2-ARE pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, in which oxidative stress is closely implicated.
An Important Role of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in the Cellular Defense Mechanism
Lee, Jong-Min,Johnson, Jeffrey A. 한국생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.2
The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory element of genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins, such as NAD(P)H; quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Interestingly, it has been reported that Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor2) regulates a wide array of ARE-driven genes in various cell types. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, which was originally identified as a binding protein of locus control region of n-globin gene. The DNA binding sequence of Nrf2 and ARE sequence are very similar, and many studies demonstrated that Nrf2 binds to the ARE sites leading to up-regulation of downstream genes. The function of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes suggests that the Nrf2-ARE pathway is important in the cellular antioxidant defense system. In support of this, many studies showed a critical role of Nrf2 in cellular protection and anti-carcinogenicity, implying that the Nrf2-ARE pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, in which oxidative stress is closely implicated.
( Dennis K Bideshi ),( Greer Waldrop ),( Maria Teresa Fernandez Luna ),( Mercedes Diaz Mendoza ),( Margaret C Wirth ),( Jeffrey J Johnson ),( Hyun Woo Park ),( Brian A Federici ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8
The Cyt1Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis susbp. israelensis elaborates demonstrable toxicity to mosquito larvae, but more importantly, it enhances the larvicidal activity of this species Cry proteins (Cry11Aa, Cry4Aa, and Cry4Ba) and delays the phenotypic expression of resistance to these that has evolved in Culex quinquefasciatus. It is also known that Cyt1Aa, which is highly lipophilic, synergizes Cry11Aa by functioning as a surrogate membrane-bound receptor for the latter protein. Little is known, however, about whether Cyt1Aa can interact similarly with other Cry proteins not primarily mosquitocidal; for example, Cry2Aa, which is active against lepidopteran larvae, but essentially inactive or has very low toxicity to mosquito larvae. Here we demonstrate by ligand binding and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa form intermolecular complexes in vitro, and in addition show that Cyt1Aa facilitates binding of Cry2Aa throughout the midgut of C. quinquefasciatus larvae. As Cry2Aa and Cry11Aa share structural similarity in domain II, the interaction between Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa could be a result of a similar mechanism previously proposed for Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa. Finally, despite the observed interaction between Cry2Aa and Cyt1Aa, only a 2-fold enhancement in toxicity resulted against C. quinquefasciatus. Regardless, our results suggest that Cry2Aa could be a useful component of mosquitocidal endotoxin complements being developed for recombinant strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and B. sphaericus aimed at improving the efficacy of commercial products and avoiding resistance.
RET signaling is required for survival and normal function of nonpeptidergic nociceptors.
Golden, Judith P,Hoshi, Masato,Nassar, Mohammed A,Enomoto, Hideki,Wood, John N,Milbrandt, Jeffrey,Gereau, Robert W,Johnson, Eugene M,Jain, Sanjay The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.11
<P>Small unmyelinated sensory neurons classified as nociceptors are divided into two subpopulations based on phenotypic differences, including expression of neurotrophic factor receptors. Approximately half of unmyelinated nociceptors express the NGF receptor TrkA, and half express the GDNF family ligand (GFL) receptor Ret. The function of NGF/TrkA signaling in the TrkA population of nociceptors has been extensively studied, and NGF/TrkA signaling is a well established mediator of pain. The GFLs are analgesic in models of neuropathic pain emphasizing the importance of understanding the physiological function of GFL/Ret signaling in nociceptors. However, perinatal lethality of Ret-null mice has precluded the study of the physiological role of GFL/Ret signaling in the survival, maintenance, and function of nociceptors in viable mice. We deleted Ret exclusively in nociceptors by crossing nociceptor-specific Na(v)1.8 Cre and Ret conditional mice to produce Ret-Na(v)1.8 conditional knock-out (CKO) mice. Loss of Ret exclusively in nociceptors results in a reduction in nociceptor number and size, indicating that Ret signaling is important for the survival and trophic support of these cells. Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice exhibit reduced epidermal innervation but normal central projections. In addition, Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice have increased sensitivity to cold and increased formalin-induced pain, demonstrating that Ret signaling modulates the function of nociceptors in vivo. Enhanced inflammation-induced pain may be mediated by decreased prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), as PAP levels are markedly reduced in Ret-Na(v)1.8 CKO mice. The results of this study identify the physiological role of endogenous Ret signaling in the survival and function of nociceptors.</P>
Altaf Mohammed,Roderick H. Dashwood,Sally Dickinson,Mary L. Disis,Elizabeth M. Jaffee,Bryon D. Johnson,Samir N. Khleif,Michael N. Pollak,Jeffrey Schlom,Robert H. Shoemaker,Sasha E. Stanton,Georg T. Wo 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.4
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) convened the “Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD) Workshop on Immunomodulatory Agents” as a virtual 2-day workshop on September 13 to 14, 2021. The main goals of this workshop were to foster the exchange of ideas and potentially new collaborative interactions among leading cancer immunoprevention researchers from basic and clinical research and highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention. The workshop included an overview of the mechanistic classes of immunomodulatory agents and three sessions covering the gamut from preclinical to clinical studies. The workshop convened individuals working in immunology and cancer prevention to discuss trends in discovery and development of immunomodulatory agents individually and in combination with other chemopreventive agents or vaccines.