Implementation of Memristor Towards Better Hardware/Software Security Design

Jeetendra Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.1

The latest electronic devices are seeking much smaller CMOS devices but limitless scaling down of CMOS transistor leads to degradation in its performance. The classical security systems designed with CMOS devices are prone to physical and side-channel attacks. The missing element “Memristor” whose concept was proposed by Leon Chua is becoming the best choice for emerging hardware security design. Few characteristics of memristor which observed at the beginning seem to be problematic have turned into a blessing for security design and these characteristics are bi-directionality, process variation, non-volatility, and radiation hardness. Due to ultralow power consumption and high computational speed, memristors are drawing the attention of researchers as it also is useful in digital memory design, neuromorphic systems, logic circuits, and hardware security systems. In this manuscript, various memristor applications in hardware and software security systems will be focused on. It comprises a memristor-based physically unclonable function (PUF), which became novel security primitive. Memristor applications are also explained in a true random number generator by which the security of the digital transaction can be improved. The tamper detection circuits developed with memristors are capable to detect the tampering of the secret information in smart cards and therefore memristor-based tamper sensitive circuits are also briefed here to protect the secret data. Finally, the utilization of the memristor in the forensics, crypto architecture, and neuromorphic security systems are explained which will enhance the memristor applicability in the designing of advanced information protection digital circuits and systems.

Development and evaluation of glyceryl behenate based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using hot self-nanoemulsification (SNE) technique

Jeetendra Singh Negi,Pronobesh Chattopadhyay,Ashok Kumar Sharma,Veerma Ram 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this research was to improveoral bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drug lopinavirusing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Glyceryl behenatebased SLNs of lopinavir were prepared using hot selfnanoemulsification(SNE) technique. The hot isotropicmixture of glyceryl behenate, Poloxamer 407 and polyethyleneglycol 4000 was spontaneously self-nanoemulsify inhot water (80 C) and SLNs were subsequently formed withrapid cooling. Hot SNE ability of isotropic mixture wasvisually assessed by ternary phase diagram study. OptimizedSLNs were having particle size of 214.5 ± 4.07 nm,entrapment efficiency of 81.6 ± 2.3 % and zeta potential of-12.7 ± 0.87 mV. SLNs were evaluated by transmissionelectron microscopy and atomic force microscopy formorphological details. Further, differential scanning calorimetryand x-ray diffraction were also performed for solidstate characterization of SLNs. Higher oral bioavailability(3.56-fold) was found for lopinavir loaded SLNs in comparisonto bulk lopinavir due to higher lymphatic drugtransport (p\0.05). Results indicate that SLNs of glycerylbehenate can be successfully prepared by hot SNE technique.

Development and evaluation of glyceryl behenate based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using hot self-nanoemulsification (SNE) technique

Negi, Jeetendra Singh,Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh,Sharma, Ashok Kumar,Ram, Veerma 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this research was to improve oral bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drug lopinavir using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Glyceryl behenate based SLNs of lopinavir were prepared using hot self-nanoemulsification (SNE) technique. The hot isotropic mixture of glyceryl behenate, Poloxamer 407 and polyethylene glycol 4000 was spontaneously self-nanoemulsify in hot water ($80^{\circ}C$) and SLNs were subsequently formed with rapid cooling. Hot SNE ability of isotropic mixture was visually assessed by ternary phase diagram study. Optimized SLNs were having particle size of $214.5{\pm}4.07nm$, entrapment efficiency of $81.6{\pm}2.3%$ and zeta potential of $-12.7{\pm}0.87mV$. SLNs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy for morphological details. Further, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction were also performed for solid state characterization of SLNs. Higher oral bioavailability (3.56-fold) was found for lopinavir loaded SLNs in comparison to bulk lopinavir due to higher lymphatic drug transport (p<0.05). Results indicate that SLNs of glyceryl behenate can be successfully prepared by hot SNE technique.

Integration of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Machine Learning to Improve Classification Accuracy During Antenna Design

Susheel Kumar Singh,Mukesh Kumar,Jeetendra Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2023 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.24 No.3

Flexibility and generalization of antenna analysis and synthesis using artificial neural networks have attracted enormous attention in the field of microwave-strip antennas (MSAs). Various problems can be solved using Particle Swarm Optimization PSO by applying social connections. A Swarm of particles (agents) is applied to find the best possible solution. These agents seek the space coordinates associated with the best solution each particle has so far achieved. Predicting response times with a trained neural network is almost equivalent to measuring or simulating them. The proposed work has integrated an optimization mechanism into machine learning which improves the reliability of the model. The simulation shows the categorization process utilizing machine learning for antenna design. As a result of using the PSO optimizer, the accuracy, precision, f1-score, and recall value of the simulations have significantly improved. An improvement of 4%, 10%, and 5% is observed in accuracy, recall value, and in precision by using the optimization technique. The result proves that the integration of machine learning into the optimizer increases the suggested model's dependability.

Design and Investigation of Junctionless DGTFET for Biological Molecule Recognition

Girish Wadhwa,Priyanka Kamboj,Jeetendra Singh,Balwinder Raj 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.3

This work utilizes the dielectric modulated detection technique within a junctionless tunnel fi eld-effect transistor (JLTFET) to detect various charged and neutral biomolecules. The electrostatic properties of the proposed dielectric modulated junctionless double gate JLTFET (DM-JL DGTFET) are observed and analyzed to determine the biomolecules like uricase(k = 1.54), Glucose oxidase (k = 3.46), APTES (k = 3.57), keratin (k = 8) and gelatin (k = 14) lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and protein, etc. The SiO 2 (gate oxide) is etched and a cavity is shaped under the gate electrode in which the analytes are injected and thus the eff ective dielectric of the gate oxide is modulated. The injected charge or neutral analytes of the various biomolecules in the immobilized states are responsible to change the electrostatic characteristics of the DM-JL DGTFET device by varying the gate capacitance. The drain current, I ON /I OFF , subthreshold slope, and sensitivity of the DM-JL DGTFET are estimated to recognize the biomolecules. The DM-DGJLTFET shows noticeable sensitivity outcomes 15.2 × 10 11 for the charged biomolecules, especially the positively charged analytes.

Pathological Fracture of Femoral Neck Leading to a Diagnosis of Wilson’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Nishit Bhatnagar,Purushotham Lingaiah,Jeetendra Singh Lodhi,Yugal Karkhur 대한골대사학회 2017 대한골대사학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism. It chiefly has hepatic, neurological and ophthalmic manifestations. Although osteoporosis, rickets and early arthritis are common features of WD, they are under-recognized. Musculoskeletal manifestations very rarely lead to diagnosis of the disease. Here we present a case of a 12-years-old girl who presented with a 3-months-old pathological fracture of neck of femur. WD was diagnosed on investigating the cause of the pathological fracture, which was managed by performing a conventional McMurray’s intertrochanteric osteotomy. At 6 months follow up, fracture had united and patient was able to ambulate with support. WD can be a rare cause of pathological fracture. A high index of suspicion must be maintained in patients of pathological fracture presenting with associated neuropsychiatric or hepatic manifestations.

Formulation, Development, and Performance Evaluation of Metoclopramide HCl Oro-Dispersible Sustained Release Tablet

Nikhil Kasliwal,Vandana Jugran,Rahul Jain,Jeetendra Singh Negi 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate an oro-dispersible, sustained release tablet of metoclopramide HCl. The technology was comprised of developing sustained release microparticles, and compression of resultant microspheres into a fast dispersible tablet by direct compression. The microspheres of metoclopramide HCl were prepared by an emulsification-solvent evaporation method using ethylcellulose as the matrix polymer. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated spherical particles with a mean diameter of 81.27 ± 5.87 μm and the drug encapsulation efficiency was found to be 70.15 ± 3.06%. The process and formulation variables such as rotation speed, polymer concentration, and drug concentration influenced the drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. Optimized microspheres were compressed into tablets which were comprised of metoclopramide HCl microspheres, 53% (w/v) of D-mannitol granules, 7% (w/w) of Polyplasdone XL 10, and 0.5% (w/w) of calcium stearate. The tablets demonstrated a hardness of 59 ± 3 N, friability of 0.21% and disintegration time of 27 ± 3 sec. The formulations were subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines and were found to be stable after a 6month study. In vivo experiments conducted in rats demonstrated that a constant level of metoclopramide HCl in plasma could be maintained for up to 20 h at a suitable concentration for antiemetic activity. An appropriate combination of excipients made it possible to obtain orally disintegrating sustained release tablets of metoclopramide HCl using simple and conventional techniques.