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Bang, Jeewon,Lim, Sooyeon,Yi, Gibum,Lee, Jeong Gu,Lee, Eun Jin Elsevier 2019 Postharvest biology and technology Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Harvested strawberry (<I>Fragaria × ananassa</I>) fruit has a short shelf life due to rapid postharvest metabolism, quick softening, mechanical damage, and fungal decay. To improve the storability of strawberry fruit, we subjected harvested fruit to short-term exposure to 30% carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify the cellular responses induced by this treatment. Fruit was stored at 10 °C for 10 d after a 3-h exposure to 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> (treatment) or ambient air (control) at 25 °C, respectively. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment reduced fruit decay and softening compared to the control throughout the 10-d storage period. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that expression levels of genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (expansin, pectinesterase, and β-xylosidase) decreased in response to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment. Within 1 d after the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment, the expression levels of genes encoding heat-shock proteins significantly increased. Metabolite profiling revealed that glucose, quinic acid, and succinic acid increased in responses to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment at 1 d. Transmission electron microscopy showed that disintegration of the middle lamella in the cell wall was inhibited by the CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment. Polyuronide (insoluble pectin) content in cell walls was 30% higher, on average, in the treated fruit than those in the control fruit during the 10-d storage period. These results indicate that a short-term treatment with 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduces the degradation of pectin in the cell wall by reducing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes and induces abiotic stress-response genes in harvested strawberry fruit. Our results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind CO<SUB>2</SUB>-responsive genes in strawberry fruit and provide insight into ways to improve the postharvest quality of strawberries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to 30% CO<SUB>2</SUB> for 3 h reduced strawberry softening and decay during storage. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment reduced the expression of cell wall-degradation enzymes. </LI> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> treatment enhanced the expression of heat-shock proteins within 3 h. </LI> <LI> Transcriptomic analysis revealed abiotic stress defence genes induced by CO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>
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CRISPR-Cap: multiplexed double-stranded DNA enrichment based on the CRISPR system
Lee, Jeewon,Lim, Hyeonseob,Jang, Hoon,Hwang, Byungjin,Lee, Joon Ho,Cho, Junhyuk,Lee, Ji Hyun,Bang, Duhee Oxford University Press 2019 Nucleic acids research Vol.47 No.d1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Existing methods to enrich target regions of genomic DNA based on PCR, hybridization capture, or molecular inversion probes have various drawbacks, including long experiment times and low throughput and/or enrichment quality. We developed CRISPR-Cap, a simple and scalable CRISPR-based method to enrich target regions of dsDNA, requiring only two short experimental procedures that can be completed within two hours. We used CRISPR-Cap to enrich 10 target genes 355.7-fold on average from <I>Escherichia coli</I> genomic DNA with a maximum on-target ratio of 81% and high enrichment uniformity. We also used CRISPR-Cap to measure gene copy numbers and detect rare alleles with frequencies as low as 1%. Finally, we enriched coding sequence regions of 20 genes from the human genome. We envision that CRISPR-Cap can be used as an alternative to other widely used target-enrichment methods, which will broaden the scope of CRISPR applications to the field of target enrichment field.</P>
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장지원 ( Jeewon Jang ),방승규 ( Seung Gyu Bang ),한재혁 ( Jaehyeok Han ),이상진 ( Sang Jin Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.6 No.1
안티 포렌식 기법 중 하나인 데이터 삭제 기법은 그 행위의 단순함에 비해 포렌식 분석 관점에서의 그 영향력은 상당하다. 학계에서는 데이터 삭제 기법에 대응하여 지속적으로 삭제된 파일 복구 기법에 대해 연구하였으며, 대표적으로 파일시스템 기반 파일 복구 기법과 파일 포맷 기반 복구 기법이 존재한다. 파일이 삭제되고 난 후 해당 파일의 메타데이터가 파일시스템 상에 존재한다면, 이를 이용하여 손쉽게 파일을 복구할 수 있으나, 메타데이터가 존재하지 않는 경우엔 시그니처 기반 카빙 기법을 이용하여 파일을 복구하거나 파일 포맷에 기반한 복구기법을 적용해야 한다. 이때 파일 포맷에 기반한 복구기법은 파일 구조에 대한 분석과 복구 가능한 기법이 제시되어야 한다. 본 논문은 PDF 파일의 구조적 특성에 기반한 삭제된 PDF 파일의 페이지 단위 복구 기법을 제시한다. 해당 기법은 PDF 파일의 1개 페이지를 구성하는 Page Object의 태그 값을 이용한다. 각 태그 값을 일종의 시그니쳐로서 활용하여 Object를 추출하며, 추출된 Object들을 분석하여 PDF파일의 메타데이터를 재조합한 후 페이지 단위로 재구성한다. 페이지 단위로 복구한다는 것은 삭제된 PDF 파일이 온전하지 않더라도 PDF 파일을 구성했던 일부 페이지라도 복구할 수 있음을 의미한다. 해당 기법을 이용하면 온전하지 않은 상태의 PDF파일에 대한 복구가 가능하다. 이는 디지털 포렌식 분석 관점에서 기존보다 더 많은 데이터를 복구하는데 활용될 수 있다. The influence of the data deletion method which is one of anti-forensic techniques is substantial in terms of forensic analysis compared to its simplicity of the act. In academic world, recovery techniques on deleted files have been continuously studied in response to the data deletion method and representatively, the file system-based file recovery technique and file format based recovery technique exist. If there`s metadata of deleted file in file system, the file can be easily recovered by using it, but if there`s no metadata, the file is recovered by using the signature-based carving technique or the file format based recovery technique has to be applied. At this time, in the file format based recovery technique, the file structure analysis and possible recovery technique should be provided. This paper proposes the page recovery technique on deleted PDF file based on the structural characteristics of PDF file. This technique uses the tag value of page object which constitutes one page of PDF file. Object is extracted by utilizing each tag value as a kind of signature and by analyzing extracted object, the metadata of PDF file is recombined and then it`s reconfigured page by page. Recovering by page means that even if deleted PDF file is damaged, even some pages consisting of PDF file can be recovered. Generally, if the file system based file is not recoverable, deleted file is recovered by applying the signature based carving technique. The technique which we proposed in this paper can recover PDF files that are damaged. In the digital forensic perspective, it can be utilized to recover more data than previously.
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