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Breast PET CT 영상 재구성 변화에 따른 대조도 대 잡음비와 신호 대 잡음비의 비교평가
이재영(JeaYoung Lee),이을규(EuKyu Lee),김기원(KiWon Kim),정회원(HoiWoun Jeong),유광열(KwangYeul Lyu),박훈희(HoonHee Park),손진현(JinHyun Son),민정환(JungWhan Min) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2017 방사선기술과학 Vol.40 No.1
본 연구는 양전자 컴퓨터단층촬영(Positron Emission Computed Tomography; PET-CT) 유방암 영상에서 질환관 심영역(Region of Interest; ROI)의 대조도 대 잡음비(Contrast to Noise Ratio; CNR)와 신호 대 잡음비(Signal to Noise Ratio; SNR)를 재구성 기법별로 측정 평가하여 통계적 분석을 하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울소재 대학병원에서 유방 양전자 컴퓨터단층촬영(Breast PET-CT)을 검사한 환자 100명이다. 측정방법은 ImageJ 프로그램을 사 용하여 표본의 인구사회학적 특성, 영상 재구성 기법별 유방암의 SNR과 CNR의 평균값, 95% 신뢰구간 값, SNR과 CNR의 평균차이 값 등을 분석하였다. SPSS Statistics21 통계프로그램으로 ANOVA 분석을 하였으며 p<0.05에서 유의한 것으로 판단하였다. 영상 재구성 기법별 분석결과는 CNR과 SNR 모두 TrueX_TOF, Iterative, Iterative-TOF, FBP-TOF 순으로 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.05). CNR과 SNR수치로 영상 재구성 기법의 특징을 조합하여 PET/CT 검사의 정확성과 편의성을 제공할 것이라 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to measure contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to change of reconstruction from region of interest (ROI) in breast positron emission tomography- computed tomography (PET-CT), and to analyze the CNR and SNR statically. We examined images of breast PET-CT of 100 patients in a University-affiliated hospital, Seoul, Korea. Each patient’s image of breast PET-CT were calculated by using ImageJ. Differences of CNR and SNR among four reconstruction algorithms were tested by SPSS Statistics21 ANOVA test for there was statistical significance (p<0.05). We have analysis socio-demographical variables, CNR and SNR according to reconstruction images, 95% confidence according to CNR and SNR of reconstruction and difference in a mean of CNR and SNR. SNR results, with the quality of distributions in the order of PSF_TOF, Iterative and Iterative-TOF, FBP-TOF. CNR, with the quality of distributions in the order of PSF_TOF, Iterative and Iterative-TOF, FBP-TOF. CNR and SNR of PET-CT reconstruction methods of the breast would be useful to evaluate breast diseases.
GPS를 이용한 코너 진입 시 차량 전복 예방 시스템 개발
황재영(Jeayoung Hwang),강형진(Hyoungjin Kang),김병주(Byungjoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.- No.-
Recently, there is an increasing tendency of serious traffic accidents while cornering. A major cause of such accidents is excessive vehicle speeds due to the driver’s incorrect recognition or misjudgment of the curvature of the road ahead. In order to reduce damages cased by such serious accidents, this paper describes the development of vehicle rollover prevention system using GPS. This system can warn a driver the upcoming presence of sharp curve and vehicle rollover possibility by utilizing GPS and digital geographic road information data in advance. Moreover, the system can reduce the speed of vehicle to safe speed by auto-braking algorithm. The auto-braking algorithm cooperates with ABS/ESP algorithm for vehicle stability. Efficiency of the proposed vehicle rollover prevention system is verified by computer simulations and vehicle tests.
김재영,김현수,Kim, JeaYoung,Kim, Hyunsoo 서비스사이언스학회 2017 서비스연구 Vol.7 No.3
최근 제4차 산업혁명 시대가 도래함에 따라서 산업구조와 고용구조가 크게 변화될 것이라는 전망이 발표되고 있다. 특히 인공지능의 발전이 자동화를 촉진하여 제조업의 일자리는 감소하고, 인간 고유 능력 중심의 서비스 일자리 중심으로 재편될 것이라는 분석이 많다. 본 연구는 이 같은 이론적 분석에 의한 추세 전망 모델을 기초 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 제4차 산업혁명으로 인한 고용구조 변화에 대한 통찰력을 획득하기 위해 지난 수십 년간의 고용구조 변화를 국가별, 시대별로 분석하였다. 이러한 데이터 분석을 통하여 고용구조 변화 모델에 대한 일차적 검증을 수행하였다. 기존 연구자가 예측한 U자 형태의 모델로 이동하고 있는지에 대한 실증적 분석을 하였으며, 향후의 전망에 대한 기초 분석도 제시하였다. 분석결과, U자형 모델로의 고용구조 변화는 실제 데이터로 확인되고 있으며, 이러한 U자화 추세는 제4차 산업혁명시대에 더욱 가속화될 것으로 전망되었다. 향후 보다 정밀한 데이터 분석에 의한 모델 검증이 필요하며, 고용구조 변화에 대한 심층 연구도 필요하다. It is anticipated that the employment structure of the whole industry will change drastically as the Fourth Industrial Revolution era arrives. Particularly, there are numerous reseraches that the development of artifical intelligence will promote automation causing jobs in manufacturing industry to decrease; thus, the economy will be reorganized with service-centered jobs, which heavily depend on human ability. This study was conducted to verify the trend-forecasting model based on the theoretical analysis. We analyzed the change in employment structure over the past decades in each country and period to gain insights from the changes in the employment structure caused by the Fourth Industrial Revoltion. The results of this study are as follows: First, we investigaed whether the current economy is moving along the U-shaped model suggested by an existing researcher. As a result of the analysis, the data substantiated that the change of the employment structure is moving along the U-shaped model. It is also suggested that this U-shaped trend is expected to accelerate in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the future, more accurate data analyses are needed to verify the model, and additional researches on the change in the employment structed is also needed.
Functional Insights of Ceramides in Epidermis
( Eunyoung Lee ),( Yujia Han ),( Jeayoung Shin ),( Yeon Kyung Kim ),( Jeongjoo Pyo ),( Sungjin Ahn ),( Jaehyoun Ha ),( Minsoo Noh ) 한국피부장벽학회 2018 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Intercellular lipids of stratum corneum mainly consist of ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Ceramides are synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the lamellar bodies which provide intercellular lipids in stratum corneum during epidermal differentiation. The lipid mass of ceramides is approximately 50% of the intercellular lipid contents in stratum corneum. The decrease in ceramide levels significantly impairs the integrity of skin permeability barrier and results in the increase in transepidermal water loss. The content and quantity of ceramides can directly affect the lamellar layer rigidity of stratum corneum lipid matrix and genetic mutations or polymorphisms of ceramide metabolic enzymes are associated with the disrupted skin barrier functions. In addition to the structural role in skin permeability barrier, ceramides are important in the regulation of cell biology functions such as ultraviolet B irradiation-induced cellular apoptosis, inflammation-related autophagy, and the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Besides skin, ceramides and their metabolites are also interested in other tissues because ceramides are associated with various human diseases like diabetes and cancers. Notably, skin microbiota can affect the ceramide metabolism and change the content of ceramides and their metabolites in stratum corneum lipid matrix. Sphingosine choline phosphotransferase and sphingomyelin deacylase may increase sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), a ceramide metabolite increased in the stratum corneum of some atopic patient population. The genes of these metabolic enzymes responsible for the increase in SPC have not been discovered in human cell studies. It is possible that the abnormal SPC production in atopic skin may be associated with microorganism-derived ceramide metabolic enzymes. Therefore, research on skin microbiota should be directed toward the elucidation of microbiota-associated ceramide metabolic enzymes to understand the ceramide homeostasis in human epidermis.