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Housing Investrnent in A Developing Country
Je-H∞n Lee 한국지역개발학회 2002 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.3
The main contribution by this paper is the addition of macroeconomics and political context to empirical analysis and interpretation of housing investment in Korea. First, 1 present a theoretical discussion to explain how investment in housing is determin, then a model of housing investment using time-series analysis. Regression models using time-series data from Korea covering the period of 1953-1993 are estimated to establish the empirical relationships. Results show that housin investment in Korea is statistically explained by levels of income, military spending, election, housing picy, foreign aÍÍ;rs, and global context of finance. These results are made more meaningful by adng intemationa1, domestic, and institutional variables to the context in which housing policy was formulated. The analysis also shows a statistically significant relationship between historical pattems of investment in housing sector and the structure of Koreas tota1 investment.
Lee, T.Y.,Je, S.M.,Kwak, M.J.,Akhmadi, K.,Tumurbaatar, E.,Khaine, I.,Lee, H.K.,Jang, J.H.,Kim, H.N.,Ahn, H.J.,Woo, S.Y. Elsevier 2017 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.112 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted in Elsen tasarkhai, an arid region in Mongolia, to investigate the physiological response of <I>Populus sibirica</I> to different irrigation regimes and to suggest optimal irrigation intervals for successful reforestation in Mongolia. Two-year-old <I>P. sibirica</I> seedlings were planted, and three different irrigation regimes (well-watered (WW), irrigation every 2days; moderate drought (MD), irrigation every 5days; severe drought (SD), irrigation every 7days) were applied. Although the survival rate was unaffected by the applied water deficit intensity, the relative growth rate was significantly reduced in SD in accordance with a decline in carbon assimilation. Although the total chlorophyll content also decreased as the water deficit increased, the chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total carotenoid (Car T) levels increased to dissipate the excess energy. Increased quantum efficiencies in the SD condition were caused by the enlargement of the reaction center (RC) antenne, indicating increased of excess energy dissipation. Therefore, <I>P. sibirica</I> showed resistance to a certain degree of water deficit intensity (MD and SD). The irrigation regime of SD appeared to be adequate for <I>P. sibirica</I> based on survival rate and physiological traits. These results might enlighten the development of effective irrigation systems in arid area.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The biological activities of <I>Populus sibirica</I> was reviewed. </LI> <LI> The reduced carbon assimilation rate was caused by stomatal limitation. </LI> <LI> <I>Populus sibirica</I> prevented photodamage through the dissipation of excess energy. </LI> <LI> Irrigation every 7days could be recommended in this study. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Hyo-Geun,Nagahawatta, D.P.,Liyanage, N.M.,Jayawardhana, H.H.A.C.K.,Yang, Fengqi,Je, Jun-Geon,Kang, Min-Cheol,Kim Hyun-Soo,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Phycology 2022 ALGAE Vol.37 No.3
Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis is frequently used as a cost-effective and efficient method to obtain functional ingredients from bioresources. This study involved the enzyme-assisted hydrolyzation and purification of fucoidan from Ecklonia maxima stipe and the investigation of its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Fucoidans of Viscozyme-assisted hydrolysate from E. maxima (EMSFs) harvested in Jeju, Korea. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and monosaccharide analysis. Among fucoidans, EMSF6 was rich in fucose and sulfate and had a similar structural character to commercial fucoidan. EMSF6 showed a strong inhibitory effect on nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. The anti-inflammatory potential of EMSF6 was mediated through the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, fucoidans from E. maxima stipe are promising candidates for functional food products.