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COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF KOREA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
( Heo Jang ),( Kim Yunjung ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2016 농촌경제 Vol.39 No.S
This paper analyzes a series of policies and programs for the comprehensive rural development of Korea, and proposes a suitable method for rural development in developing countries. Each policy is described and compared based on the background, implementation methods, progress, performance, implications, etc. This study provides suggestions for developing countries with useful practical tips on eradicating absolute poverty, including appropriate target regions and comprehensive development strategies adoption. This paper provides several policies and project support for rural development in developing countries. However, Korea`s successful experience will not produce the same effects on developing countries. Therefore, those suggestions need to be adopted with considerations on specific social, economic contexts of developing countries.
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A Capacitance Estimation of Film Capacitors in an LCL-Filter of Grid-Connected PWM Converters
Heo, Hong-Jun,Im, Won-Sang,Kim, Jang-Sik,Kim, Jang-Mok The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.1
A capacitor deterioration of LCL-filter grid-connected PWM converters is progressed by the self-healing mechanism. It leads to the degradation of the filter performance and drop of power factor. Thus, it is required to diagnose fault-point of capacitors and determine the replacement time. Typically, the fault of capacitors is determined when the capacitance is reduced up to 80% from initial value. This paper proposes algorithm to the determine capacitor replacement time of an LCL filter. The algorithm takes the advantage of change of the response on the injected resonant frequency corresponding to 80% value from the initial capacitance. The results of the algorithm are demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
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Environmental Impact Assessment in Agriculture: The Sihwa Project Case of Korea
( Heo Jang ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2003 Journal of Rural Development Vol.26 No.1
This paper outlined the environment impact assessment (EIA) in the Sihwa project, and raised some issues. After EIA process, some key changes were introduced in the area; for example, more than six hundred hectares are newly allotted for wetland to help conserve natural ecosystem. The most salient contribution of EIA is its clear indication that the sustainable agriculture should be the way of farming on the newly created agricultural lands. However, it is argued that a new comprehensive environmental impact assessment is necessary which incorporates all development plans and projects in the Sihwa area. The environment impact statement was prepared under the assumption that the project would be implemented, without seriously considering no-action alternative. The project should be validated socially and economically, by implementing social impact assessment.
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Heo, J.,Chu, K.H.,Her, N.,Im, J.,Park, Y.G.,Cho, J.,Sarp, S.,Jang, A.,Jang, M.,Yoon, Y. Elsevier 2016 Desalination Vol.389 No.-
The water flux of several draw solutions (DSs, solutes: KCl, NaCl, CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>, Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>) and fouling propensity of two different organic foulants (humic acid and alginate) were systematically investigated using forward osmosis (FO) and unpressurized pressure-retarded osmosis. In addition, reverse solute selectivity was evaluated to characterize the water and salt transport mechanisms at different temperatures and in the presence of four different inorganic DS compounds. The influence of solution viscosity has significant implications in FO applications, because the water molecules easily penetrated and diffused throughout the FO membrane active layer (AL) and supporting layer (SL) with increasing temperatures, which is mainly correlated with the lower water viscosities with increasing temperatures. The results indicated that the water flux on average significantly increased from 9.5 to 13.7 and 24.9 LMH when the operating temperature was increased from 5 to 20 and 45<SUP>o</SUP>C, which corresponded to a 44 and 262% increase in the water flux, compared to the FO mode at 5<SUP>o</SUP>C. However, the water flux and viscosity exhibited generally constant trends with respect to the elevating temperature. In addition, elevating temperature increased the reverse solute flux selectivity (RSFS), not only by decreasing the internal concentration polarization (the AL and SL) and the wettability within the effective porosity of the SL, but also via the improvement of water molecule diffusion kinetics rather than solute diffusion. In addition, the RSFS was inversely related to the solute permeability of the different DSs and followed the order Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>>CaCl<SUB>2</SUB>>NaCl>KCl. These results have significant implications for the prediction of water flux behavior and the selection of DSs at different temperatures in osmotically driven FO processes.
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Sociological Aspects Of Sustainable Agriculture And Its Practice: The Korean Case
( Heo Jang ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2001 Journal of Rural Development Vol.24 No.2
The term sustainability is conceptualized as a having double meaning-inter-generational and intra-generational equity. Sustainable agriculture (SA) is also understood as a totality encompassing agricultural and rural development. Korean sustainable agriculture evolved since the late 1970s as a movement to restore the soil, undergoing rapid expansion in the 1990s. A few studies on Korean sustainable agriculture have indicated that the farmers in this field are younger and more educated, implying that the sustainable agriculture is a promising alternative farming technique. Consumers are also younger, better educated, wealthier, and very often from the countryside. A hypothesis is provided here about the existence of two types of SA farmers, the movement type and business type practitioners. The possible convergence between sustainable agriculture and sustainable rural development, and its necessity, is discussed and proposed.
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Heo Jang,Choi Jungman 한국농촌경제연구원 2019 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-
South Korea, which suffered from severe hunger and poverty after the Korean War (1950~1953), has achieved self-sufficiency in supply of rice, a staple crop, since the early 1970s with the success of research and development, and extension services in the agricultural sector. The country has unique characteristics in its Agricultural Extension Services (AES), currently organized as the Rural Development Administration (RDA), compared to other countries and they have brought about significant success in improving agricultural productivity and efficiently providing developed technologies to farmers. This study has been performed to study AES in Eurasian countries as well as the development of the agricultural extension system of Korea in order to share the successful factors that enabled South Korea to accomplish such success in the agricultural R&D and technology distribution. This paper consists of four main parts of research. The first one is the development of the distinguished agricultural extension services of Korea in the perspective of policies and institutions. For the efficiency of AES, the Korean government combined research and development, and extension functions into one independent government body. RDA had four agricultural institutions of science and four extension-related bureaus and it could make synergy effects of the combined functions through the interaction during extension services with farmers who adopted new techniques and technologies provided by RDA. In the process, R&D and extension services could coincide. The second part of the study covers the Korean agricultural transformation which explains the changes in the agricultural sector over the past decades and suggests new directions for the role of agriculture in Korea. Due to the industrialization and modernization, diet habit and food consumption were diversified. Strategies and directions to revitalize rural communities including the restoration of rural areas, decentralization, investment in innovative growth in rural communities are provided. The third part of the study represents the current nutritional status and agricultural R&D and extension system of Eurasian countries. Since the independence in 1990, Eurasian countries developed and organized their own agricultural extension services in order to improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers’ income. The Eurasian countries which this study covers have operated not only national institutes of agricultural science but also educational institutions such as universities for the development of agricultural technologies. While a diversity of institutes are organized and play a critical role in R&D and extension services, such issues as lack of budget and well-trained extension workers, and too much dependence on international donors arise in the countries as problems. Lastly, the study delivers implications for AES of the Eurasian countries based on the findings from the case of the Korean extension services. Eurasian countries may have issues including lack of public investment, limited contributions by donors, and actors in R&D and extension services. For the efficiency of AES in the region, the study suggests the efficiency in coordination of functions between R&D and technology dissemination, extended involvement by the public sector, and extensive involvement of the extension services other than traditional functions of technology dissemination.
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