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Cotton Production and It's Economical Role in Pakistan
Jami, M.,Rha, Eui Shik 한국국제농업개발학회 2005 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.17 No.1
Cotton is the mainstay of Pakistan's economy. Cotton is the second most important cash crop of Pakistan, in terms of area and earning after wheat. It is cultivated over about 12 percent of the total cultivated area in the country and its output has been between 8 million and 10.7 million bales over the past 10 years, with an average of 9.3 million bales. Cotton is a major Kharif season crop and cultivated on silty loam soil, not high in sand or clay content. Pakistan is fourth largest cotton growers in the world and one of the largest exporter of cotton yarn in the world and a prominent exporter of cotton fabrics, garments and textile products. Cotton also play a vital role in Pakistan industry, in farmer's life in term of chase returns and provides employments to rural and urban population. This paper summarized the studies on the cotton crop in Pakistan which includes (1) cotton in Pakistan (2) cotton production techniques (3) role of cotton in Pakistan economy.
NETWORKS OF DISQUIET : CENSORSHIP AND THE PRODUCTION OF LITERATURE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY KOREA
JAMIE JUNGMIN YOO 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2017 Acta Koreana Vol.20 No.1
This article explores the transnational interaction of early modern Korean literature with special attention to the practice of “censorship.” By examining media control by the government authorities in both late Chosŏn Korea and late imperial China, this study aims to examine how the state and policymakers attempted to control the flow of unorthodox books and how the production of books epitomized the cultural values of the day. “What value system prompted the authorities to forbid a certain body of texts?” “What agencies were instrumental in the circulation of books?” By analyzing various travelogues to Beijing (yŏnhaengnok) and notes on poetry (sihwa), this article examines how the transnational interaction between China and Korea and changing textual environments influenced the production of literature in late Chosŏn. Using a specific case study of Yi Tŏng-mu (1741–1793), this article demonstrates that various “informal networks” outside of conventional channels functioned as the actual key drivers of book culture. In particular, a number of “book brokers” in the Qing and Chosŏn facilitated the distribution of forbidden books. My study on these circulatory dynamics reveals how negotiations between the control of media and the distributing of books influenced the textual environments and how the cultural value system shaped the production of literature.
Jamie K. Schnuck,Kyle L. Sunderland,Matthew R. Kuennen,Roger A. Vaughan 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.2
Background: β-alanine is a common component of numerous sports supplements purported to improve athletic performance through enhanced carnosine biosynthesis and related intracellular buffering. To date, the effects of β-alanine on oxidative metabolism remain largely unexplored. This work investigated the effects of β-alanine on the expression of proteins which regulate cellular energetics. Methods: C2C12 myocytes were cultured and differentiated under standard conditions followed by treatment with either β-alanine or isonitrogenous non-metabolizable control D-alanine at 800μM for 24 hours. Metabolic gene and protein expression were quantified by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Glucose uptake and oxygen consumption were measured via fluorescence using commercially available kits. Results: β-alanine-treated myotubes displayed significantly elevated markers of improved oxidative metabolism including elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and mitochondrial transcription factor a (TFAM) which led to increased mitochondrial content (evidenced by concurrent increases in cytochrome c content). Additionally, β-alanine-treated cells exhibited significantly increased oxygen consumption compared to control in a PPARβ/δ-dependent manner. β-alanine significantly enhanced expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF-2) leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content. Conclusion: β-alanine appears to increase cellular oxygen consumption as well as the expression of several cellular proteins associated with improved oxidative metabolism, suggesting β-alanine supplementation may provide additional metabolic benefit (although these observations require in vivo experimental verification).
Association of sarcopenia with osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Jamie R. Chua,Michael L. Tee 대한골다공증학회 2020 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.6 No.3
Objectives: Systemic consequence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Preliminary studies showed presence of sarcopenia in COPD leads to reduced pulmonary function and quality of life; studies on whether this condition results in consequent loss of bone mineral density (BMD) is still inconsistent. This study aims to examine the association of sarcopenia in COPD with osteoporosis. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of a study on forty-one (n ¼ 41) participants with COPD seen in a tertiary public hospital in Manila, Philippines who underwent pulmonary function test and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined using a Philippine-based criteria of low fat free mass index (FFMI) and low muscle strength - hand grip strength, and osteoporosis using World Health Organization T-score diagnostic criteria. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis among COPD is 44%, and 63% in COPD with sarcopenia. There was no statistical difference seen in pulmonary function variables between COPD with and without osteoporosis. Significant positive correlations were observed between Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s, FFMI, and appendicular lean muscle with total body BMD. Sarcopenia in COPD was associated with significantly increased risk for osteoporosis. Conclusions: High prevalence rate of osteoporosis, and even higher among sarcopenic Filipino COPD patients should be further studied. The findings also suggest that sarcopenia in COPD is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis, and osteoporosis alone does not seem to affect lung function.
Jamie R.F. Wilson,Jetan H. Badhiwala,Ali Moghaddamjou,Allan R. Martin,Michael G. Fehlings 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.3
The assessment, diagnosis, operative and nonoperative management of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) have evolved rapidly over the last 20 years. A clearer understanding of the pathobiology of DCM has led to attempts to develop objective measurements of the severity of myelopathy, including technology such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers, and ancillary clinical testing. New pharmacological treatments have the potential to alter the course of surgical outcomes, and greater innovation in surgical techniques have made surgery safer, more effective and less invasive. Future developments for the treatment of DCM will seek to improve the diagnostic accuracy of imaging, improve the objectivity of clinical assessment, and increase the use of surgical technology to ensure the best outcome is achieved for each individual patient.