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      • CATA and RATA questions for product-focused emotion research: Five case studies using emoji questionnaires

        Jaeger, Sara R.,Lee, Soh Min,Kim, Kwang-Ok,Chheang, Sok L.,Roigard, Christina M.,Ares, Gastó,n Elsevier 2018 Food quality and preference Vol.68 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Questionnaires are popular in product-focused emotion research with consumers. Ease of implementation is paramount in this regard, as is versatility. In the presented studies, focus is directed to scaling variations as an element of methodological versatility, and a comparison is performed of CATA and RATA question formats (check-all-that-apply and rate-all-that-apply, respectively). Five studies, with a range of tasted products and food/beverage names were conducted, involving 908 consumers in New Zealand, China and Korea. Emoji questionnaires, recently established as a methodological variant in product-elicited emotion research, were used. The average percentage of emoji used for describing samples was similar for CATA and RATA questions when used in Central Location Tests with tasted samples, but higher for RATA than CATA questions in online surveys. Discriminative ability of CATA and RATA questions was linked to the characteristics of the focal samples. The recommendation for method choice is to use CATA emoji-questions when samples have distinct emotional associations, whereas RATA seems better able to discriminate between samples with more similar emotional profiles. Neither CATA nor RATA emoji-questions were regarded by consumers as difficult or tedious.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CATA and RATA questions were compared using emoji questionnaires. </LI> <LI> In 3 of 5 studies the average percentage of emoji use was higher in RATA than CATA questions. </LI> <LI> In 3 of 5 studies there was evidence of similar or greater sample discrimination by CATA than RATA questions. </LI> <LI> CATA and RATA questions were perceived as easy and not tedious. </LI> <LI> Choice of CATA vs RATA should be made in conjunction with sample set characteristics. </LI> </UL> </P>

      • Measurement of product emotions using emoji surveys: Case studies with tasted foods and beverages

        Jaeger, S.R.,Lee, S.M.,Kim, K.O.,Chheang, S.L.,Jin, D.,Ares, G. Longman Scientific Technical ; Elsevier Science Pu 2017 Food quality and preference Vol.62 No.-

        <P>An increasing number of methods exist for the measurement of product-emotion associations, and the present research implements emoji surveys for this purpose. Emoji warrants attention due to their increasing popularity and spontaneous use by consumers in food-related communications. Seven case studies were conducted in Korea and New Zealand (118-141 consumers per study), across which a wide range of commercially available foods and beverages were evaluated. Product-emotional associations were obtained with CATA questions featuring 33 facial and 6 non-facial emoji. The most frequently used emoji had positive valence, and it was by valence that the dominant sample discrimination occurred. Samples with high overall liking were associated with positive emoji, whereas negative emoji were used to characterise samples with low overall liking. Some evidence was found of samples with the same average overall liking scores being associated with different emoji. There was also evidence of sample characterisation and discrimination relative to emotional arousal (high/low), but this was largely secondary to sample discrimination based on emotional valence. Consumers perceived emoji surveys to be easy and not tedious. A comparison of CATA questions containing 25 emoji or 25 emotion words (EsSense25) pointed to similarity in the average number of emoji/emotion words used to characterise samples. However, a tendency for word-based responses to be more discriminative and able to determine distinctive emotional profiles for individual samples was found. This was attributed to differences in the emotions included in the two survey formats. Emoji should not be regarded as a direct substitute for existing word-based emotion surveys, but as an alternative method for emotion measurement. Directions for further methodological research to refine emoji surveys are outlined.</P>

      • Concurrent elicitation of hedonic and CATA/RATA responses with Chinese and Korean consumers: Hedonic bias is unlikely to occur

        Jaeger, S.R.,Kim, K.O.,Lee, S.M.,Hunter, D.C.,Kam, K.,Chheang, S.L.,Jin, D.,Lee, P.Y.,Xia, Y.,Ares, G. Longman Scientific Technical ; Elsevier Science Pu 2017 Food quality and preference Vol.56 No.1

        <P>In line with research in non-Western countries becoming main-stream, the need to validate existing research methods with consumers from these populations increase. The present research contributes hereto by quasi-replicating with Korean and Chinese consumers previous research concerning the risk of hedonic product responses being biased by co-elicitation of CATA/RATA questions for sensory product characterisation. Using consumers in several Western countries it was previously reported that bias could occur, but was unlikely to. Eleven studies involving 1000 East Asian consumers confirmed this conclusion. The studies were conducted with diversified populations and across multiple product categories. Across 7 studies, there were no instances where CATA co-elicitation was found to bias hedonic scores. However, in one of four studies where RATA responses were co-elicited bias did occur, and hedonic scores were, on average, lower when RATA responses were co-elicited. It is recommended that the research be replicated with consumers residing in their home countries and extended to other East and South-East Asian counties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Work-Family Conflict, Depression, and Burnout Among Jail Correctional Officers: A 1-Year Prospective Study

        Jaegers, Lisa A.,Vaughn, Michael G.,Werth, Paul,Matthieu, Monica M.,Ahmad, Syed Omar,Barnidge, Ellen Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2

        Background: Correctional officers (COs) experience elevated rates of mental and physical ill-health as compared with other general industry and public safety occupations. The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic, mental health, job tenure, and work-family characteristics and their prospective association to burnout within and between jail officers during one year of new employment. Methods: In 2016, newly hired jail officers (N = 144) completed self-reported surveys across four time points in a one-year prospective study at a Midwestern United States urban jail. Linear mixed-effects and growth modeling examined how work-family conflict (W-FC) and depressive symptoms relate to perceptions of burnout over time. Results: Jail officer burnout increased and was related to rises in W-FC and depression symptoms. Within-person variance for W-FC (B<sub>pooled</sub> = .52, p < .001) and depression symptoms (B<sub>pooled</sub> = .06, p < .01) were significant predictors of burnout. Less time on the job remained a significant predictor of burnout across all analyses (B<sub>pooled</sub> = .03, p < .001). Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that burnout increased during the first year of new employment; and increased W-FC, higher depression, and brief tenure were associated with burnout among jail COs. Future study of correctional workplace health is needed to identify tailored, multilevel interventions that address burnout and W-FC prevention and early intervention among COs.

      • LIVE WHAT YOU SPEAK AND YOU SHALL BE PROTECTED: THE INSURANCE-EFFECT OF CSR BELIEFS IN THE FACE OF A CSI CRISIS

        Matthias Jaeger,Tony C. Garrett 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

        This research examines Kang et al. (2016)’s proposal that corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputation, which was operationalized in this paper via consumers’ CSR beliefs about a brand (Du et al., 2007), could moderate the negative effect of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) crisis on firm performance when it is used as a preventive, insurance-like measure. According to Kang et al. most companies unsuccessfully used CSR as penance mechanism to undo negative effects of a prior CSI crisis they caused by their irresponsible behavior. However, using CSR as an insurance tool before any CSI event has happened, in order to mitigate the potential negative future effect, has not been observed yet in practice. The results of this paper show that a completely CSR positioned brand has a competitive advantage over a non-CSR positioned brand. Regardless of crisis severity, the consumers’ stronger CSR beliefs triggered by the CSR brand positioning works like a preventive, insurance-like mechanism, which protects the brand in times of both non-severe and severe CSI crisis. The CSR positioned brand also suffers a damage measured in brand attitude change and negative word-of-mouth, but much less than a brand, which did not care at all about CSR positioning or engaging in any CSR activities. However, the results only hold true for consumers, who regard CSR as important. Most managers still do not even know the effects a reputation in CSR can have in face of a CSI crisis (Lenz et al., 2017). This research sheds new light on this ambiguity.

      • KCI우수등재

        Semi-intensive and Intensive Interdisciplinary Treatments Have Similar Effects on Metabolic Syndrome and Selected Inflammatory Markers in Adolescents with Obesity

        Luzia Jaeger Hintze,Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn,Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira,Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos,Alexandre D. Aguilera Dantas,Deborah Cristina Landi Masquio,Danielle Arisa Caranti 대한비만학회 2021 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.30 No.4

        Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the impact of semi-intensive and intensive interdisciplinary weight-loss therapies on the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents with obesity. Methods: The study included 166 adolescents enrolled in two groups for 22 weeks: the intensive group (in-person aerobic and resistance exercise three times a week, and psychological and nutritional counselling once a week), or the semi-intensive group (six in-person exercise orientation meetings and six in-person psychological support sessions with an online nutritional and exercise program). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides (TG), leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the interventions. Results: Body weight and waist circumference decreased in both groups (P<0.001) and large effect sizes (η2=0.586 and η2=0.465, respectively) were noted. Significant time and group interactions were found (P=0.001) with medium effect sizes (η2=0.095 and η2=0.105, respectively). The prevalence of MS decreased from 27.9% to 13.1% (P=0.012) and 29.4% to 5.9% (P=0.004) in the semi-intensive and intensive groups, respectively. All MS risk factors decreased significantly over time (P<0.001) and a significant time*group interaction was observed (P<0.05), except for fasting TG (P=0.832) and glucose (P=0.128, η2=0.021). Conclusion: The results suggested that both approaches promoted significant clinical improvement in the condition of adolescents with MS and reduced associated risk factors. Studies that consider the cost effectiveness of both treatments are still needed to determine whether semi-intensive care, with its lower financial costs, may be a suitable option to treat obesity and MS in adolescents with obesity.

      • KCI등재

        Soil hydrophysical degradation associated with forest operations

        Ehsan Abdi,Mostafa Moghadamirad,Elyas Hayati,Dirk Jaeger 한국산림과학회 2017 Forest Science And Technology Vol.13 No.4

        Skid trails in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran are important for moving wood to log landings; however, they can cause soil compaction and alter water infiltration. This research therefore presents an analysis of the impact of ground-based skidding on soil hydrophysical properties in Kuhmiyan forest located in the Hyrcanian forest. Soil infiltration, bulk density, and soil resistance to penetration have been studied at three different depths of soil along the skid trails. Three sampling locations were considered: wheel ruts, center of skid trails, and undisturbed forest (control). The results showed that the total infiltration rate, and also the instantaneous infiltration rate, were significantly higher in the control treatment. The results also showed an increase of 57% and 31% for the soil bulk density at wheel ruts and centers of skid trails compared to the control. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between soil resistance in the control and the other two treatments, with wheel ruts having the highest resistance. According to the results, there was a strong negative correlation between infiltration and soil resistance (r = –0.94), and between infiltration and bulk density (r = – 0.93). Using a protective layer of slash and logging debris and residual on skid trails can be highly recommended to moderate soil compaction and mitigate the destructive impact of logging equipment.

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