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Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira,Tiago Zoz,Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo,Agner de Freitas Andrade,Cássio de Castro Seron,Travis Wilson Witt 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.5
The sowing operation is crucial for the proper initial establishment of seedlings and their development. However, there is a lack of studies about the eff ects of sowing depth of rice, as well as technologies that aid to mitigate the prejudicial eff ects caused by depth. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the initial growth of rice plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasiliense and treated with biostimulant sowed at diff erent depths. Randomized complete block design with four replica�tions was used, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme. The fi rst factor was composed of diff erent seed treatments (a, control—with�out treatment; b, inoculation with A. brasilense ; c, seed treatment with Stimulate® and d, inoculation with A. brasilense associated with seed treatment with Stimulate ® ). The second factor was composed of four sowing depths (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 cm). Treatment of rice seeds with A. brasilense and Stimulate® decreases the rate of emergence. The sowing at 7 cm depth decreases in 41.44% of the emergence, when compared to sowing at 1 cm. Inoculation with A. brasilense and sowing at increasing depths are prejudicial to the growth of rice crop.
Tuberculosis in Mexico and the USA, Comparison of Trends Over Time 1990–2010
Eduardo Hernández-Garduño,Fabiola Mendoza-Damián,Salvador Ayón-Garibaldo,Adriana Garduño-Alanís 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.3
Background: The aim was to compare tuberculosis trends in Mexico and United States and to evaluate Mexican diagnostic methods and contact investigation. Methods: Retrospective comparative study of tuberculosis cases and incidence rates between both countries (1990–2010). Diagnostic methods and contact investigations were also evaluated for Mexico. Estimates were obtained from official websites. Results: In Mexico, no clear trend was found over time for cases. Pulmonary (PTB) and all forms of tuberculosis (AFTB) incidence decreased 2.0% annually. There was a negative correlation between the mean contacts examined per case and AFTB incidence (r2=–0.44, p=0.01) with a 33% reduction in AFTB incidence. In United States, PTB and AFTB cases have been decreasing 6.0% and 5.6% annually, respectively. The incidence decreased 7.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in Mexico is decreasing slightly over time at 2% annually. In the United States, cases and incidence rates have been decreasing at a higher rate (5% to 7% annually). The inverse association between number of contacts examined per state and incidence rates in Mexico underscore the importance of reinforcing and improving contact investigations with the likely translation of a decrease of TB incidence at a higher rate.
Stability of hybrid organosilica materials incorporating a biphenyl moiety
Eduardo R. Magdaluyo, Jr.,Raymond V. Rivera Virtudazo,Leonard P. dela Cruz,Emily V. Castriciones 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.1
Quezon City, PhilippinesThe stability of biphenyl-functionalized ethane-silica hybrid materials was investigated by a calcination process, a hydrothermal test and exposure to UV to determine the integrity of its composition, structure, and morphology. The organosilicas were prepared via surfactant-mediated polymerization of 4,4’-bis(triethoxysilyl)biphenyl organosilane monomer and crosslinked with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and tetraethoxysilane. Infrared spectroscopic and gravimetric analyses showed that the material was thermally stable below 700 oC. Its hydrothermal stability could be accounted for by the strong covalent integration of the bifunctional organic bridging groups in the silica framework. No significant change was observed in the functional groups when the material was exposed to ultra-violet radiation. Post heat treatment of the materials did not significantly change the interplanar spacing of the (100) plane, but enhanced the spherical particle morphology.
A Review of the Chinese, Russian, US and EU Strategies in the Korean Peninsula from 2006-2012
Eduardo Zachary Albrecht 한국동북아학회 2014 한국동북아논총 Vol.19 No.2
This study attempts to better understand the recent history of the different strategies adopted by four key regional and world players–China, Russia, the US and the EU–toward the Korean Peninsula. It also uses this analysis to infer trends in these strategies, so that we may get a better idea of what to expect in the near future. Since research shows that in the absence of some form of diplomatic and strategic common ground between international actors stability is not likely to be achieved, the research pays particular attention to levels of “trust” between the different parties. The methodology used involves a qualitative examination of the strategic and geopolitical context in which each actor was embedded in from 2006 to 2012, in order to identify what circumstances contributed to better relations and what circumstances did not. In addition, the study’s methodology focuses on events that unfolded in the arena of the UN Security Council (since all four players considered here are represented there) and on UN Security Council resolutions that relate to the security problem of a divided Korea and the issue of weapons proliferation. The study comes to the following conclusion. Every time a Security Council resolutions responded to the long-term strategic interests of the larger regional players, periods of relative calm and trust ensued. In particular, any arrangement that (a) allowed China to further its role as a major stakeholder in the region or (b) allowed the US to advance the case for its continued military presence in Japan and South Korea would, quite interestingly, increase the level of mutual trust between the different players. We find therefore that arrangements (a) and (b) are not necessarily in contradiction to each other.
Eduardo A. Morales 한국조류학회I 2022 ALGAE Vol.37 No.1
Two new species of Pseudostaurosiropsis are described based on material collected from rivers in southern United States of America, P. californicus sp. nov. and P. elaboratus sp. nov. Both species have specific characters that set them apart from taxa currently ascribed to the genus. Pseudostaurosiropsis californicus sp. nov. has lanceolate valves with subrostrate, broadly rounded apices, an axial area at the same level as the virgae in internal and external views and both are at the same level as striae in external view, the spine tips are dentate and their growth is produced by filamentous extensions, and it has equal-sized apical pore fields on both valve extremes. On the other hand, P. elaboratus sp. nov. has heavily silicified valves, the virgae are slender than the striae in outer view and wider in inner view, it only has a single, externally occluded apical pore field on one valve extreme, and the spines have a solid core. All species within Pseudostaurosiropsis are contrasted with one another and unique features are described for each based on literature and newly collected image data from type material. The genus is reconsidered and two distinguishing features are recognized: rotae externally occluding the areolae and areolae that are funnel-shaped. These features are contrasted with those in other genera and additional published species that should be included in Pseudostaurosiropsis are discussed.
Task Allocation for a Robotic Swarm Based on an Adaptive Response Threshold Model
Eduardo Castello,Tomoyuki Yamamoto,Yutaka Nakamura,Hiroshi Ishiguro 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Biological systems are often composed of many well-organized elements, for instance the flock of birds or social insect communities such as bees or ants. However, developing a swarm robotic system with similar functions, which could be flexible and adapt to environmental changes is undoubtedly complex. In order to achieve such high goal, a good task allocation method, which can regulate and achieve an efficient labor division is crucial. In this paper we propose an optimized version of the simple Response Threshold Model [8] using a discretized version of the Attractor Selection paradigm, in order to dynamically change the threshold parameter (θ). Simulation experiments are carried out in order to study the effects of these optimization measures on the performance of a foraging mission. Simulation experiments verified that the resultant optimized model can improve the adaptation capabilities of previous systems, making a swarm of robots able to adapt more efficiently to dynamical situations.
HEAVY VEHICLES BRAKE DRUMS – AN ACCURATE EVALUATION ON THERMAL LOADS IN SEVERE SERVICE CONDITIONS
Eduardo Umaras,Ahmad Barari,Sales Guerra Tsuzuki 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.2
Heavy vehicles service brakes are subject to severe loading conditions that can exceed the design conditions of safe operating performance in critical situations. Materials are prone to lose their design properties at high temperatures. Since the function of brakes is to convert the vehicle kinetic energy into heat by friction, temperature is the main variable to be considered, due to the fade of the linings composite material and cast iron drum deformation. The intent of this work is to evaluate the thermal loads of brake drums, when subjected to severe service conditions, in order to allow further analyses, mainly related to their dimensional and form variation. A case study is described, showing the possibility of the development of high temperatures and consequent risk of accidents in a real long downhill descent. Experimental data were preferably used to assure higher accuracy to the analysis. In the authors’ further work, a FEA simulation will be conducted with the data supplied in the present paper.