Metallurgical Process for Total Recovery of All Constituent Metals from Copper Anode Slimes: A Review of Established Technologies and Current Progress

Jae‑chun Lee,Kurniawan Kurniawan,Kyeong Woo Chung,Sookyung Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Copper anode slimes, the by-product of the copper electrorefining process, have been the subject of extensive investigationfor recovering precious metals viz., Au, Ag, Pt and Pd, in addition to being the main source of rare/energy-critical elementssuch as Se and Te. There have been various approaches aiming at the development of extraction processes involving thermaland aqueous approaches and their combination. In this paper, the literature relating to the treatments of copper anode slimeis compiled to present the underlying concept for the total recovery of all valuable metals from anode slimes. The industrialand proposed scenarios gathered from various sources show that the basis of applying different streams essentially dependson the concentration of copper and selenium in the slimes. Copper anode slime processing has a history of being in a developmentperiod, though at times showing overlaps. The discussion of each metallurgical process is basically explained bythermodynamic analysis using suitable software as well as fundamentals of the chemistry. Recent progress is highlightedand compared to the established technologies with regard to environmental impact and economic consideration/feasibility. This discussion is followed by the construction of a conceptual flowsheet on the progress currently made. It is expected thatfurther work regarding metal recovery from copper anode slimes would objectively shorten the number of stages for thepretreatment as well as metal separation from leach solutions.

Possibility of Application of Artificial Insemination Buffer (AIB) for Increasing of Production Efficiency of Female Cow Offspring

Jae‐Il Bang,A‐Na Ha,A‐Ra Cho,Kyeong‐Lim Lee,MD. Fakruzzaman,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

The present research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of female offspring production using artificial insemination buffer (AIB) before artificial insemination (AI). To do it, we carried out the optimization of AIB, making of AIB gun and analysis of affecting AI rate after AIB treatment. AIB made with the base of Tris‐buffer supplemented with L‐arginine and several materials that could be reduced the motility of male sperm compared with female one. This mean that female sperm could be increased the possibility of fertilization with ovum compared with male one. AIB must be deposited into 2nd to 4th cervix by the guide of AIB gun. After 15 min of AIB insertion, frozen semen was deposited into same place after. Total 352 cattle were inseminated with AIB insemination and was not significant difference between AIB and traditional AI rate (56.8 vs. 55.7%). However, AIB AI rate was significantly differs among 12 different farms. The parturition number of cows did not effect on AIB AI rate among 1st to 7th parturition number of cows. The proportion of AIB AI success rates in hanwoo cows was significantly higher than in dairy cows (61.0% vs. 48.7%), but the average AI success rate was not different between AIB and conventional AI (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The female offspring production rate in 2nd to 4th cervix deposition place was significantly higher than in uterus body (77.7% vs. 59.6%, p<0.05). The injection volume of AIB in 5 and 10 ml was significantly higher than in 2 ml (77.7, 78.7 vs. 51.8%, p<0.05), but not different between 5 and 10 ml ABI volume. The best exposure time of AIB in the cervix was 10 and 15 min rather than that of 5 min (79.2%, 77.2% vs. 63.2%, p< 0.05), and so AIB have to expose at least 10 min to get higher female offspring. In conclusion, AIB could be used in AI industry to produce female offspring and also AIB AI can be increased the AI success rate compared with traditional AI rate.

Analyzing Public Opinion and Emotions Using Tweets and Online-Comments toward Candidates in 2017 South Korean Presidential Election

Na Kyeong Lee,Jae Mook Lee,Gidong Kim 한국학술연구원 2019 Korea Observer Vol.50 No.4

The 2017 Korean presidential election was different from previous presidential elections for two reasons: First, it was a by-election due to the unprecedented impeachment of the president Park Geun-hye, and second, more than three candidates from multiple parties competed in the election. Since Moon Jae-in was predicted to easily win, the fight for the second place - between Hong Joon-pyo and Ahn Cheol-soo - was very competitive. In order to understand the electoral dynamics, we collect and analyze tweets and online-comments toward major candidates with logic of granger causality. We find that public sentiment toward Ahn does Granger-cause changes in online sentiment toward other candidates both from major and minor parties. This result shows that Ahn played a pivotal role in the 2017 presidential election, and implies that Koreans are eager to have alternative forces.

비정질 인듐갈룸ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 기반의 AMOLED 화소 회로

이재표(Jae-Pyo Lee),유경민(Kyeong-Min Yu),장진녕(JinNyoung Jang),홍문표(MunPyo Hong),배병성(Byung Seong Bae) 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2013 공업기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

본 논문은 비정질 인둠ᅳ갈f ᅳ아연-산화물 박막트랜지스터 (a-IGZO TFT)를 이용하여 능동형 유기발광다이오드 (AMOLED)용 문턱전압(Vth )을 보상하는 화소 회로를 제안하였다. 산화물 TFT는 n-채널 TFT로써, 우리는 n-채널 TFT 특성으로 회로를 최적화하였다. 제안된 화소 회로는 회로 시뮬레이션 뿐만 아니라 회로 분석을 이용하여 확인되었다. 제안된 화소 회로는 AMOLED에서 구동 TFT의 문턱전압 변화를 보상할 수 있다. 제안된 화소 회로를 이용함으로써, 문턱전압 보상은 달성되었다. rhis paper proposes a tnresnold voltage compensation pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM OLED) using amorphous indium-gaUiimi-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs), Oxide TFT is an n-channel TFT; therefore, we optimized the circuit for the n-channel TFT characteristics. The proposed pixel circuit was verified using circuit analysis as well as circuit simulations. The proposed circuit could compensate for the threshold voltage variations o f drive TFT in AM OLED. Using the proposed pixel circuit, threshold voltage compensation was achieved.

한국의 철도정책 조망

이재경(Lee Jae Kyeong) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Korean Railway has contributed to the national economy since the opening era of railway at the time of Kyeong-in Line Establishment. There has been line establishment, variation of train"s Kinds and the development of technique and operations. But there some about stagnation by the development of ground transport and air service. Now, we are engaged in the new era of train transport by electricity especially, express railway(KTX). Korea is a peninsular in the East Asia, small territory, for the more, under the hard fact of divided nation. Hence, Korea"s railway development and it"s policy are consist with the problems in the inside or outsides. Here, we would compare and analyze the policy proposals based on these real facts and railway capitals therefore, we wish to contribute to the future plan and operation of Korean railway.

성기능장애 환자에서 Papaverine/Phentolamlne/PGE₁ 삼중약물의 음경해면체내 자가주사 치료의 장기추적결과

백재승,이경철,김수웅,이종욱,김시황 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.9

B_(2)O_(3)를 첨가한 Ni-Cu-Zn Ferrite의 자성에 대한 소결온도 효과

김민경,이명호,고재귀,송승기 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 자연과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

B_(2)O_(3)가 첨가된 Ni-Cu-Zn 페라이트의 소결온도 변화에 따른 자기적 성질을 연구하였다. 실험에 사용한 시료는 0.1 wt%의 B_(2)O_(3)를 (Ni_(0.204)Cu_(0.204)Zn_(0.612))Fe_(1.198)O_(2.98)에 첨가하여 각각 1000℃, 1100℃ 그리고 1200℃으로 4시간 동안 소결시켜 제작했다. 시료의 자기적 성질은 X-ray 회절 패턴, 자기이력 곡선, 초투자율, 손실계수 그리고 비저항을 측정하여 연구하였다. 자기이력 곡선과 초투자율 측정 결과로부터 세 시료 모두 우수한 연자성체가 되었음을 확인하였고, 소결온도가 높을수록 coercive force(H_(c))의 감소와 초투자율의 증가가 관찰되었다. 특히 가장 높은 온도(1200℃)로 소결한 시료의 Hc는 0.217Oe이었고, 초투자율은 전 영역의 주파수에 걸쳐 가장 큰 값을 유지하였다. 전력손실은 1 ㎑~10 ㎒ 주파수 영역의 교류에 대해 시료 모두 안정된 값을 갖고, 1200℃로 소결된 시료의 전력손실과 비저항은 시료 중 가장 적은 값을 가졌다. We have studied the dependence of B-doped Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite on sintering temperature. The samples were prepared from 0.1 wt% B_(2)O_(3)-doped (Ni_(0.204)Cu_(0.204)Zn_(0.612))Fe_(1.198)O_(2.98) ferrites and sintered at 1000℃, 1100℃ and 1200℃ for 4 hours respectively. The crystal structures of the samples were identified by X-ray diffraction pattern, and the magnetic properties of those were investigated by measuring X-ray diffraction pattern, hysteresis curve, initial permeability and resistivity. The results showed that all of the three samples were good soft magnetic materials, and initial permeability increased with the decreasing of Hc as the sintering temperature became higher. Especially, the sample sintered at 1200℃ showed Hc of 0.217Oe and maintained the highest value of initial permeability through the whole frequency range. The loss factors of the samples showed good frequency stability from 1 ㎑ to 10 ㎒ and both the loss factor and resistivity of the ssample sintered at 1200℃ was the least.

일부 산업재해 환자들에서 외상후 스트레스장애

최경숙,임채기,최재욱,강성규,염용태 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.3

연구목적 : 우리나라에서 산업 재해로 신체적 손상을 입고 입원해 있는 일부 근로자들을 대상으로 PTSD 발병여부를 조사하고, 산업 재해와 관련된 위험 인자를 파악하여 산업재해 이후 근로자들이 겪게 될 신체적 건강문제 뿐만 아니라 정신적 건장 문제 회복에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 7월에서 2000년 9월 사이에 산업 재해로 인해 신체적인 부상을 입고 입원 중인 인천 소재 산재병원의 남성 입원환자 47명을 대상으로 PTSD 발병여부와 관련 인자를 연구하기 위하여 구조화된 설문 조사와 CAPS를 이용한 진단적 면담을 시행하였다. 결 과 : CAPS를 이용한 면접조사 결과 최종 연구 대상자 47명중 12명(25.5%)이 PTSD로 나타났으며, 모두 증상의 지속 기간이 3개월 이상인 만성 외상후 스트레스장애로 분류되었다. PTSD군 12명과 non-PTSD군 45명을 비교한 결과 BDI, STAI-I, STAI-II, IES 점수는 PTSD 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 또한 SCR-90-R의 세부항목 중 편집 사고를 나타내는 PAR 점수가 유일하게 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고 그 외의 항목들은 PTSD 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 산재 관련 위험 인자의 비교에서 환자가 주관적으로 보고한 의식의 상실 경험만이 PTSD군에서 유의하게 높게 나타나 이전의 다른 연구자와 일치된 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 산재 사고 이후에 PTSD가 발생하고, 증상이 장기간 지속되어 만성화를 겪을 가능성이 있다는 것을 보여준다. 위험 인자 중에서 사고 관련 위험 인자로 의식의 상실에 대한 주관적인 보고만이 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 그 외의 다른 인자들은 관련서이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 여러 가지 연구의 제한점이 많으므로 연구 시점을 달리하고 많은 대상자를 포함한 후속 연구를 시행해야 산업재해와 PTSD에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : This study was conducted to assess the development of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) after occupational physical injuries and the risk factors in occupational accident patients for PTSD. Methods : Forty-seven occupational accident patients with physical injuries were administered BDI. STAI I and II, SCL-90-R, IES and questionnaires for risk factors and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS). Results : 1) 12 patients(25%) were diagnosed as PTSD. 2) The BDI, STAI I and II and IES scores are significantly high(<0.05) in PTSD group than non-PTSD group. 3) The subscales of SCL-90-R, with an exception of PAR subscale, showed higher scores(<0.05) in PTSD group. 4) The loss of consciousness(LOC) was only significant risk factor in the occupational accident related factors(<0.05). Conclusion : The results of this study show the development of PTSD among occupational accident patients. The loss of consciousness(LOC) was the only significant risk factor for PTSD in occupational accident patients.

英國에 있어서 中産階層의 政治參與에 관한 硏究 : 第1次 選擧法改正을 中心으로

金濟璟 東亞大學校 1982 東亞論叢 Vol.19 No.1

In england, Constitutional government had been formed through 17 Century's Revolution which had enforced to turn over Sovereign power of the king to the Parliament. Even though constitutional government had been formed that government was called constitutional monarchy, limited monarchy and mixed monarchy, because the driving power was established by agreement between the noble classes of the great landlords and top classes of the bourgeoisie, and according to king's abilities the king was able to strenthen his authority by controlling leading classes. Like this, the existence of the king had kept the nobles of the great landloards cling to their advantageous position. Addition to that, in the 18 century, even the power shifted from the great feudal lords to the noble of landlords, the nobles were still keeping their traditional prestiges and wealth, and the middle classes did not internene in. Consequently, during the period of 18 century to the early 19 century gentry took powerful roles in the parliament. On the other hand, economic development brought lots of changes. Bourgeoisie had grown up, and top of that classes had invested in land who become gentry-like. Thus, landlords and top classes of the bourgeoisie became the ruling classes of the society, and by the result, the cabinet government had developed. Particularly, rapidgrowth of industrial bourgeoisie, who were accelerated by the Industrial Revolution, motivated them to start participaion-movement in politics. In the later 19 century, in spite of temporary interruption by the French Revolution and Nopoleon's war, the development of this movement continued systematically. Up to 1830's, the election law containing "the spoiled or Closed franchise" which was established in 1430 had been applied in the election without major reform to give favours to the ruling classes. Therefore the middle classes and the working classes formed an united front to develop the movement of reformation of the election law. But, the ruling classes had ignored the demands of the united front and the ruling classes reformed the election law to be advantageous to them. In the process, there were many disputes over the matters of qualification for an election, distribution of parliament sets, registration system etc. One notable consequence of the controversy between the nobles and the workingclasses was the historical reformation in 1832. By that result, the electoral roll increased 50% more, spoiled electoral distric disappeared by the redistribution of the parliamentry seats, and the gate was opened for the middle classes to participate in politics. By the way, even the middle classes and working classes worked together to reform the election law, the new reformed law not expanded enough to allow the working classes participating in politics. Thus the working classes separated themselves from the united front, and they explored their own ways to achieve their purposes. That efforts continued until later part of 19 century. On the other hand, systematical establishment of election had developed poltical parties and pressure groups which were essentially needed in the process of application of the system. As it is mentioned above, the reform of the election law of 1832 was inevitable, and since that reform there were several other reforms until later part of 19 century to expand the social foundation of parliamentarism. Under that situation, bourgeoisie had been establishing classical democratic form of government as they compromising with noble classes of landlords.

탄소 나노튜브의 전계방출 특성

이경원,김은미,권민철,김용,이재열,박홍준 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구에서는 emitter와 collector 사이의 간격과 current density 대 electric field (J-K)특성을 초점으로 카본나노튜브의 전계방출 특성을 조사하였다. 카본 소스로 CH4, 촉매 및 희석가스로서 NH3를 사용하고 HFCVD를 이용하여 실리콘 위에 카본나노튜브를 성장하였다. 나노튜브의 지름이 20-40nm이고 길이는 15㎛이다. I-V곡선에서 onset voltage는 Vons=3.36V/㎛이고, 2.5V/㎛ 의 전기장에서 8mA/cm2이상의 높은 전류밀도 특성을 보였다. Fowler-Nordheim 그래프를 그려서 팁의 특성을 나타내는 β값을 계산하였다. We report the field emission properties of carbon nanotube, focusing on current density versus electric field (J-F) characteristics and the spacing between the emitter and collector. We grow carbon nanotubes on sillicon using hot-fillament chemical vapor deposition, using CH4 gas as the carbon source and NH3 gas as the catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes are distributed from 20 to 40nm in diameter and 15㎛ long. Onset field of the field emission is 3.36V/㎛ and the current density is 8mA/cm2 at an electric field of 2.5V/㎛. A Fowler-Nordheim plot was made. Field enhancement factor β is calculated.