Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and First Flush Characteristics of Runoff from a Public Park in Korea

Jung, Jae-Woon,Park, Ha-Na,Yoon, Kwang-Sik,Choi, Dong-Ho,Lim, Byung-Jin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution runoff from a public park in Gwangju, Korea were investigated. Results exhibited the highest pollutant concentrations at the start of the rainfall events due to their build-up and wash off processes. The average event mean concentrations (EMCs) were 27.8, 7.2, 56.3, 7.5, and 0.84 mg/L (range: 4.2-54.8 mg/L) for COD, (0.5-20.8 mg/L) for TOC, (22.3-138.4) for SS, (1.4-18.5 mg/L) for T-N, and (0.17-2.02 mg/L) for T-P, respectively. The study site presented a strong first flush effect for most rainfall events. However, no first flush effect was observed in rainfall events with small rainfall factors (e.g. intensity, amount, and runoff depth). On the other hand, the ratios of total pollution loads discharged by the first 20% of runoff volume were 32% for COD, 34% for TOC, 36% for SS, 42% for T-N, and 50% for T-P. Especially, $MFF_{20}$ (mass first flush) values of T-N and T-P were larger than those of other pollutants (COD, TOC, SS), indicating that T-N and T-P are easily transported by stormwater runoff from the public park. First flush management of T-N and T-P, therefore, is required for efficient water quality management of the public park.

지방정부의 목표관리와 예산관리의 연계를 위한 모형 연구 - 부산광역시를 중심으로 -

박영강 ( Park Young-kwang ),강성권 ( Kang Sung-kwon ),강재호 ( Kang Jae-ho ),이강웅 ( Lee Gang-woong ),이종필 ( Lee Jong-pil ) 부산연구원 2004 연구보고서 공동연구 Vol.2004 No.0

There are two recent trends in improving performance of local government: The one is result-oriented budget system developed in European countries; the other is Management By Objectives (MBO) carried out in the United States. Japanese local governments, in which changes in budget system occur relatively slow, attempt to introduce performance-oriented administrative evaluation system while in Korea, Seoul local government makes a move to improve MBO by including performance-based budget system. Busan Metropolitan City has drawn up partially performance-based budgets(PB) in four areas (Financial Management Division, Environment Bureau, Busan Cultural Center and the Special Accounts for Transportation Project) since 2003, but budget system in general remains the same because, the performance proposals in budgets were merely linked with general directors and managers' objectives under MBO. The purpose of this study is to examine expected problems in introducing objective- budget connection system and to find alternatives and implications by analyzing the cases of three cities: Seoul of Korea, Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Japan, City of Phoenix, U.S.A. Results showed that Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system was less effective than that of Phoenix mixing with PB and MBO. That of Seoul having a similar model to Phoenix budget system was turned out to be less effective. This means experience and technique of evaluation are more important in the efficiency of evaluation model rather than structural factors of evaluation model itself. Based on these results, we proposed basic directions of an objective-budget connection system to improve the efficiency of the system and institutional and technical alternatives as follows: First of all, when Korean local governments look for a new objective-budget connection system, Seoul's performance-management model will be a major alternative. Suginami-Gu's administrative evaluation system can be easily applicable, but it is not yet linked with personal compensation and promotion so that it may be passive in developing an evaluation index and its techniques. There for the operational experience and model of Phoenix having a similar model to Seoul's would be helpful. When we introduce a performance-management system of Seoul, we may have to consider the following institutional and technical alternatives in order to increase its efficiency: ① It is required to renovate the structure of Seoul's performance-based budgetary system. The case of Phoenix would be an alternative. ② To develop a performance index corresponding to the characteristics of Busan, it is needed to keep close bondage between evaluation-in-charge department and project departments, and to obtain external institutions' support and NGO's involvement. In this process, an organization's mission should be identified. In the setting up managers' personal goals require a concrete and diverse index like Phoenix's. ③ For performance evaluation as a core function of object-budget connection system, it is required to reinforce evaluation-in-charge department, to establish an adequate evaluation procedure and to carry out systematic training for supervisors' evaluation skill improvement and active participation of staff members. ④ To promote the efficiency of connection model, the inducement measure should be strengthened and its application should be expanded gradually. In Busan's case, bonus is offered as a means of the inducement. As the inducement effect of bonus is not high, the standard for bonus distribution should be varied to enhance the inducement effect. Structural renovation of budget system in the proposed alternatives requires central government's changes in the guide on the compilation of budget, but it can be done on the local government level. Reorganization of the evaluation agency and financial inducement structure can be achieved through local government's individual revision of ordinances and regulations. Thus, institutional restriction is unlikely to occur in the process of introducing a new objective-budget system. Those alternatives are considered as basic contents when Busan Metropolitan City introduces a new system mixing MBO with PB. But supplementary case studies on each country's budgetary structure and related financial system will be desirable. To realize these alternatives, it is required to overcome resistance from members of an organization and to secure political force to settle down the new system. It is desirable for a mayor of local government to have his/her confidence to pursue administrative reform and to obtain supports from community's council and opinions at the same time. This study is jointly conducted by Busan Development Institute and Dong-eui University in the form of Research-Academia consortium. Professor Kang, Jae-Ho of Busan National University participated in the project as a special researcher. We appreciate the advice and help of those who offered relevant materials from domestic and overseas. Especially, we would like to express our sincere thanks director Sakae Sueki and his staff members in the Department of Planning at Suginami-Gu of Tokyo, Professor Hiroshi Sato of Chuogakuin University in Japan, and Mr. Bob Wingenroth, City Auditor and his Deputy City Auditors, Ms. Diane L. Artrip, JoAnne M. Dukeshire in Phoenix, Arizona.

뇌동맥류 환자의 임상분석

강삼석,박중욱,류재광,신동철,김봉환 全南大醫大 1983 전남의대학술지 Vol.20 No.1

설악산 국립공원의 어류분포

장민호,조가익,하진용,정광석,박성배,주기재 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.4

설악산 국립공원지역 산간계류의 17개 지점에서 2000년 6월부터 2001년 6월까지 어류상 및 이화학적 요인을 계절별로 총 4회에 걸쳐 분석하였다. 모든 조사지점은 1~3차의 하천으로 비교적 물리·화학적 교란이 적었으며 하천폭은 5~30 m 정도였다. 채집된 어류는 총 18과 42종 2,557개체였고, Cyprinidae는 16종으로 84.7%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, Gobiidae 4종, 5.0?의 상대풍부도를 보였다. Cyprinidae는 전체 채입종의 37.2%를 나타냈다. 우점종은 Zacco temminck로 10개 지점에서 738개체가 채집되어 28.9%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 아우점종은 Rhynchocypris kumkangensis와 Z. platypus로 각각 4개 지점 648개체(25.3%)와 7개 지점 344개체(13.5%)로 나타났다. 한국고유종(Korean endemic species)은 모두 4과 11종 781개체로 30.5%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 고유화 빈도는 25.6%로 한국의 평균 고유화 빈도와 유사하게 나타났다. 본 조사에서 외래어는 채집되지 않았다. 국립공원 내에 서식하는 어류의 다양성 유지와 회복을 위해서는 공원 내는 물론 경계지역 하천의 체계적인 관리가 요구된다. The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Seorak National Park area was investigated from June 2000 to June 2001 (4 times). All 17 sites were relatively undisturbed 1st to 3rd order streams. A total of 2,557 individuals were collected and classified into 17 families and 43 species. Cyprinidae accounted for 37.2% (16 species) of the total fish species and 84.7% (2,165 ind.) of the total abundance. Subdominant families were Gobiidae (4 species, 5.0%) and Balitoridae (3 species, 3.4%). Zacco temmincki (RA 28.9%, 10 sites) dominated. Subdominant species were Rhynchocypris kumkangensis (25.3%, 4 sites) and Zacco platypus (13.5%, 7 sites). Eleven of the species are endemic to Korea (4 families, 30.5%). Exotic species were not collected in this survey. Fish diversity was higher in streams around the boundary area than in the national park. Therefore, management of streams in the boundary area to protect the fish biodiversity can be efficiently conducted. Habitat degradation should be reduced for the conservation and restoration of fish diversity.

Capillary Zone Electrophoresis를 이용한 음이온 동시분석에 관한 연구

박성우,진광호,유재훈,김동환 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 1996 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.28 No.-

인천지역 강하분진의 발생특성에 관한 연구

박경환,서광석,민달기,장재선,김종규 京畿專門大學 1994 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.22

포도 뿌리혹병 방제를 위한 길항균 선발

박광훈,김정희,차재순 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

Previous study showed that crown gall disease is very severe on the tetraploid cultivars of grape. One of the promising control measures of the disease is biological control using a antagonist against pathogen, Agrobacterium vitis. Total 215 bacteria and 21 putative agrobacteria were isolated from galls of grapevine and a Korean wild grape, Vitis amurensis respectively. Antagonistic ability of the isolates was checked by growth inhibition test of pathogens, A. tumefaciens and A. vitis on agar and on tamato seedling by co-inoculation of the isolates and pathogen. Two selected antagonists, isolate 197 and Va 21 strongly suppressed gall formation of A. vitis K306 on grapevine when they were co-inoculated with pathogen K306. Both gall size and rate of gall formation were significantly lower on grapevines inoculated of 197-K306(9:1) or Va 21-K306(9:1) mixture than on them inoculated of just K306. Antagonistic ability of the two isolates was similar to F2/5, which is known as a strongest antagonist against A. vitis so far. Further field study for biological control of crown gall disease on grapevine by the two isolates is needed.

유해화학물질의 계통분석

박성우,박유신,이진훈,김남이,김유나,임미애,이상기,유재훈,진광호,신호상,노동석 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

초등학생들의 혈중 납(Pb) 농도와 신경행동기능과의 관련성

박광섭,박재용,사공준 大韓産業醫學會 2009 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: To evaluate effects of lead on the central nervous system of children by measuring blood lead concentration, computerized neurobehavioral function and intelligence of elementary school students. Methods: The study was conducted with 208 elementary school students living in the vicinity of Pohang Industrial Complex in October and November, 2005. Data on demographie characteristics, living environments and lifestyle habits were collected from subjects. Results: Blood lead levels of elementary school students ranged from 0.76-4.97 ㎍/dl, which is below the 10㎍/dl recommended level of CDC. The blood lead levels were similar with those reported in other domestic and international studies. Neurobehavioral tests revealed that most third grade students reacted slowly and their speed declined in simple reaction time (P<0.05), choice reaction time (P<0.05), symbol digit substitution(P<0.01), finger tapping speed nondominant hand (P<0.05) as blood lead levels increased. Sixth grade students demonstrated significance in test performance, and displayed blood lead levels of 2.00-4.00 ㎍/dl. Results of intelligence testing showed significantly low performance in IQ (P<0.05), vocabulary ability (P<0.05), reasoning ability (P<0.05), mathematical ability (P<0.05) and perception ability (P<0.05) among third grade students who displayed high levels of blood lead concentration. Sixth grade students showed significantly low performance in vocabulary ability (P<0.05) at high level of blood lead concentration. The difference in mean IQ scores between the group with blood lead level of ≤2.00 ug/dl and the group with blood lead level ≥3.00 ㎍/dl was 3.21 in third grade students and 4.28 in sixth grade students. Low academic achievement was observed among third grade students (P<0.05) and six grade students (P<0.05) as the average blood lead level increased. Correlation analysis on the association of blood lead concentration with neurobehavioral tests revealed a positive correlation between blood lead levels and reaction time of choice reaction time and symbol digit substitution in third grade students. A positive correlation was observed between blood lead levels and reaction time of symbol digit substitution and finger tapping speed in sixth grade students. There was a negative correlation between blood lead levels and reasoning ability of third grade students (r=-0.247) and vocabulary ability of six grade students (r=-0.255). Conclusion: There have been few studies on the effects of blood lead on the central nervous systems of children in Korea. The study supports the findings of earlier studies that blood lead has an impact on children. However, the study did not confirm significant association of blood lead concentration with each neurological and motor test conducted for this study due to a small sample size and relatively low blood lead levels of elementary school students. Further studies using a similar assessment methods would be helpful to evaluate the effects of low blood lead levels on the central nervous systems of children. 목적: 철강공단 인근지역 초등학교 학생을 대상으로 개인의·특정, 생활환경 및 습관을 평가하고 혈중 납 농도를 측정하여 혈중 납이 지능 및 신경행동기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구를 시도하였다 방법: 2005년 10월부터 11월까지 포항공단지역 초등학생 208명을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 생활환경 및 생활습관을 조사하였고, 혈중 납 농도를 분석하였으며, 컴퓨터 신경행동검사와 지능검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 초등학생들의 혈중 납 농도 분포는 정규분포에 가까웠으며, 조사대상자 모두가 0.76-4.97 ug/dl 범위 에 포함되어 소아 혈중 납 농도의 권고수준으로 알려진 10 ug/dl 이하로 나타났으며 최근의 국내 및 국외 연구결과 농도수준과 유사하였다. 초등학생들의 혈중 납 농도에 따른 신경행동검사 성적은 3학년에서는 단순반응시간(p<0.05), 선택반응시간 (p<0.05), 부호숫자 짝짓기(p<0.01), 손가락 두드리기-열수(p<0.05)에서 혈중 납 농도가 증가 할수록 반응시간은 길어지며, 두드리는 횟수는 감소하여 신경행동기능이 유의하게 감소하였다. 6학년에서는 부호숫자 짝짓기에서만 혈중 납 농도가 2.00 ug/dl에서 4.00 ug/dl로 높아질수록 반응시간이 유의하게 증가하여 신경행동기능이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 혈중 납 농도가 학생들의 신경행동기능에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 초등학생들의 혈중 납 농도에 따른 지능검사 성적은 3학년에서는 지능지수(p<0.05), 어휘력(p<0.05), 추리력(p<0.05), 수리력(p<0.05), 지각력(p<0.05)이 6학년에서는 어휘력(p<0.05)에서만 혈중 납 농도가 높아질수록 유의하게 낮았다. 혈중 납 농도 1.99 ug/dl 이하 군과3.00 ug/dl 이상 군 간에 지능지수 차이는 3학년이3.21, 6학년이 4.28이었다. 초등학생들의 학업성취도에 따른 혈중 납 농도에서는 3학년 군(p<0.05)과 3, 6학년 합계 군에서(p<0.05) 평균 혈중 납 농도가 높을수록 학업성취도가 유의하게 낮은 경향을 보였다. 혈중 납 농도와 컴퓨터 신경행동검사의 상관분석에서 3학년은 선택반응시간(r=0.220)과 부호숫자 짝짓기(r=0.336), 6학년은 부호숫자 짝짓기(r=0.331)와 손가락 두드리기에서 일부 상관성을 보였으며, 혈중 납 농도와 지능검사의 상관분석에서는 3학년은 추리력(r=-0.247), 6학년은 어휘력(r=-0.255)에서 역상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 환경 내 납이 아동들의 중추신경계에 미치는 영향에 관해 많은 연구들이 있어왔으나 국내에서 수행된 연구들은 매우 드물었다. 이 연구의 결과는 납이 초등학교아동들의 중추신경계에 영향을 미친다는 기존의 이론을 뒷받침하고 있으나 혈중 납 농도가 충분히 높지 못하고, 대상자의 수가 충분히 크지 않아 모든 검사항목들에서 유의한 관련성이 나타나지는 않았다. 따라서 향후 유사한 검사 도구를 사용한 연구들이 추가로 이루어진다면 저농도의 납이 소아 및 아동들의 중추신경계에 미치는 영향을 밝히는데 도움이 될 것이다.

조루증의 치료에서 Paroxetine의 효과와 부작용

박광성,이재규,윤진상,권동득,오봉렬,류수방,박양일 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.1