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Farnesoid X receptor as a regulator of fuel consumption and mitochondrial function
한창엽,김태현,Ja Hyun Koo,Sang Geon Kim 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.8
Maintenance of energy homeostasis is crucial forsurvival of organism. There exists a close link betweenenergy metabolism and cell survival, which are coordinatelyregulated by common signaling pathways. FarnesoidX receptor (FXR) serves as a ligand-mediated transcriptionfactor to regulate diverse genes involved in bile acid, lipid,and glucose metabolism, controlling cellular and systemicenergy metabolism. Another important aspect on FXRbiology is related to its beneficial effect on cell survival. FXR exerts antioxidative and cytoprotective effect, whichis closely associated with the ability of FXR to regulatemitochondrial function. To maintain complex biologicalprocesses under homeostasis, FXR activity needs to bedynamically and tightly controlled by different signalingpathways and modifications. In this review, we discuss therole of FXR in the regulation of energy metabolism andcell survival, with the goal of understanding molecularbasis for FXR regulation in physiological and pathologicalconditions. This information may be of assistance inunderstanding recent advancements of FXR research andstrategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolicdisorders.
Oh, Jung-Min,Koo, Ja-Geon,Lim, Jae-Won Elsevier 2018 Powder technology Vol.330 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of hydrogen injection during a sintering process on lattice parameters and the strain of titanium powder have been investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In previous works, the sintering properties of titanium were improved by hydrogen injection. The present work shows that the hydrogen injection directly impacts the lattice parameters and the strain of titanium. The result shows that the hydrogen injection reduced the lattice parameters with the d-space, <I>a</I>, <I>c</I>, and <I>c</I>/<I>a</I>, and the cell volume compared with the reference samples obtained under an argon atmosphere. This lattice structure variation from the hydrogen injection is mainly due to the suppression of oxidation during sintering at high temperatures and the reduction of the interstitial elements such as oxygen.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new sintering technique of titanium powder was developed by injecting hydrogen. </LI> <LI> The hydrogen injection effect on the lattice structure of titanium was investigated. </LI> <LI> The lattice parameters with the d-space, <I>a</I>, <I>c</I>, and <I>c</I>/<I>a</I>, and the cell volume were reduced. </LI> <LI> The injected hydrogen suppressed the oxidation and contamination from atmosphere. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jung‑Min Oh,Ja‑Geon Koo,Jae‑Won Lim 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.6
A new sintering technique for enhancing a densification and hardness of sintered titanium body by supplying hydrogen wasdeveloped (Hydrogen Sintering Process, HSP). The HSP was developed by only injecting hydrogen into an argon atmosphereduring the core time. As a result, sound titanium sintered bodies with high density and hardness were obtained by the HSP. In addition, a pore size and number of the HSP specimens were smaller than those of the argon atmosphere specimen. It wasfound that the injecting hydrogen into the argon atmosphere by HSP can prevent the formation of oxide layers, resulting inenhanced densification and hardness.
강창호(Chang-Ho Kang),정호건(Ho Geon Jung),구자룡(Ja-Ryong Koo),소재성(Jae-Seong So) 한국생물공학회 2015 KSBB Journal Vol.30 No.4
Lactic acid and its derivatives are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It is also a major raw material for the production of poly-lactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymer and a possible alternative to synthetic plastics derived from petroleum. For PLA production by new strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), we screened LAB isolates from shellfish. A total of 51 LAB were isolated from 7 types of shellfishes. Lactic acid production of individual isolates was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography using a Chiralpak MA column and an ultraviolet detector. Lactobacillus plantarum T-3 was selected as the most stress-resistant strain, with minimal inhibition concentrations of 1.2 M NaCl, 15% ethanol, and 0.0020% hydrogen peroxide. In a 1 L fermentation experiment, D-lactic acid production of 19.91 g/L fermentation broth was achieved after 9 h cultivation, whereas the maximum production of total lactic acid was 41.37 g/L at 24 h.
사용종료매립지 정비를 위한 흙-시멘트 연직차수벽의 차수성능 평가
이동건,안조환,권기욱,구자공,배우근,Lee, Dong-Geon,Ahn, Jo-Hwan,Kwon, Ki-Wook,Koo, Ja-Kong,Bae, Woo-Keun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2011 지하수토양환경 Vol.16 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of soil-cement walls (SCWs) to control leachate from a leaking landfill site. Tracer tests revealed that the SCW was effective to control groundwater seepage. Approximately two-months of curing period appeared to be sufficient to ensure thorough containment of landfill leachate, although a three-week period was not enough. The water quality of the monitoring wells after construction of the SCWs met the groundwater quality standard of the korean Waste Management Act, except for bacteria and coliform groups. Also an analysis of a spring water around the landfill showed that the concentrations of ammonia, inorganic nitrogen and soluble manganese which had been common contaminants in the spring water decreased dramatically after constructing the walls. Therefore, the results suggested that a SCW can be an attractive method to control leachate from a leaking landfill site.
강창호(Chang-Ho Kang),정호건(Ho Geon Jeong),구자륭(Ja-Ryong Koo),전은진(Eun Jin Jeon),곽대영(Dae Yung Kwak),홍채환(Chae Hwan Hong),김시환(Si Hwan Kim),서지연(Ji Yeon Seo),한도석(Do Suck Han),소재성(Jae-Seong So) 한국생물공학회 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.27 No.3
Lactic acid is an important product arising from the anaerobic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and food industries as well as for biodegradable polymer and green solvent production. The poly lactic acid (PLA) is an important material for bio-plastic manufacturing process. For PLA production by new LAB, we screened LAB isolates from shellfish. A total of 28 LAB were isolated from various shellfishes. They were all Gram positive, oxidase and catalase negative. Based on API 50CHL kit, 7 strains among the 28 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, 6 strains as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, 5 strains as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 3 strains as Lactobacillus brevis, 2 strains as Lactococcus lactis, 1 strain as Lactobacillus salivarius, 1 strain as Lactobacillus paracasei, 1 strain as Lactobacillus pentosus, 1 strain as Lactobacillus fermentum and 1 strain as Pediococcus pentosaceu. Also, we examined the amount of total lactic acid produced by these new strains by HPLC analysis with Chiralpak MA column. One strain E-3 from Mytilus edulis was indentified as Lactobacillus plantarum and found to produce 20.0 g/L of D-form lactic acid from 20 g/L of dextrose. Further studies are underway to increase the D-lactic acid production by E-3.
Han, Chang Yeob,Lim, Sang Woo,Koo, Ja Hyun,Kim, Won,Kim, Sang Geon BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Gut Vol.65 No.8
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in liver injury, but molecular determinants are largely unknown. This study investigated the role of pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member-3 (PHLDA3), in hepatocyte death caused by ER stress and the regulatory basis.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>Hepatic PHLDA3 expression was assessed in HCV patients with hepatitis and in several animal models with ER stress. Immunoblottings, PCR, reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and mutation analyses were done to explore gene regulation. The functional effect of PHLDA3 on liver injury was validated using lentiviral delivery of shRNA.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PHLDA3 was overexpressed in relation to hepatocyte injury in patients with acute liver failure or liver cirrhosis or in toxicant-treated mice. In HCV patients with liver injury, PHLDA3 was upregulated in parallel with the induction of ER stress marker. Treatment of mice with tunicamycin (Tm) (an ER stress inducer) increased PHLDA3 expression in the liver. X box-binding protein-1 (Xbp1) was newly identified as a transcription factor responsible for <I>PHLDA3</I> expression. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) (an upstream regulator of Xbp1) was required for PHLDA3 induction by Tm, whereas other pathways (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)) were not. PHLDA3 overexpression correlated with the severity of hepatocyte injury in animal or cell model of ER stress. In p53-deficient cells, ER stress inducers transactivated PHLDA3 with a decrease in cell viability. ER stress-induced hepatocyte death depended on serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt) inhibition by PHLDA3. Lentiviral delivery of PHLDA3 shRNA to mice abrogated p-Akt inhibition in the liver by Tm, attenuating hepatocyte injury.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>ER stress in hepatocytes induces PHLDA3 via IRE1–Xbp1s pathway, which facilitates liver injury by inhibiting Akt.</P>