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Predicting particle transport through an aging polymer using vacancy diffusion
Aaron W. Thornton,Anita J. Hill,Kate M. Nairn,James M. Hill 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Understanding the process of particle transport is important for various applications such as separation, storage and blockage ofselected particles within a polymer. The diusivity of particles has been related to the fractional free volumefwithin a sample by theexpressionD(f)=A exp(. B/f A and B.Polymers are known to undergo physical aging such that the free volumedistribution changes over time towards an equilibrium. This phenomenon has been well explained by the vacancy diusion model estab-lished by Curro et al. [J.G. Curro, R.R. Lagasse, R. Simha, Macromolecules 15 (1982) 1621]. Using both the diusion expression and thevacancy diusion model, this paper models particle transport in aging, unaged and aged polymer samples.
Alternative optical concept for electron cyclotron emission imaging.
Liu, J X,Milbourne, T,Bitter, M,Delgado-Aparicio, L,Dominguez, A,Efthimion, P C,Hill, K W,Kramer, G J,Kung, C,Kubota, S,Kasparek, W,Lu, J,Pablant, N A,Park, H,Tobias, B American Institute of Physics 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.11
<P>The implementation of advanced electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) systems on tokamak experiments has revolutionized the diagnosis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activities and improved our understanding of instabilities, which lead to disruptions. It is therefore desirable to have an ECEI system on the ITER tokamak. However, the large size of optical components in presently used ECEI systems have, up to now, precluded the implementation of an ECEI system on ITER. This paper describes a new optical ECEI concept that employs a single spherical mirror as the only optical component and exploits the astigmatism of such a mirror to produce an image with one-dimensional spatial resolution on the detector. Since this alternative approach would only require a thin slit as the viewing port to the plasma, it would make the implementation of an ECEI system on ITER feasible. The results obtained from proof-of-principle experiments with a 125 GHz microwave system are presented.</P>
Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH
Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1
<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG → TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>
Woo, W.,An, G.B.,Kingston, E.J.,DeWald, A.T.,Smith, D.J.,Hill, M.R. Elsevier Science 2013 ACTA MATERIALIA Vol.61 No.10
Spatial variations of residual stresses were determined through the thickness of 70mm thick ferritic steel welds created using low (1.7kJmm<SUP>-1</SUP>) and high (56kJmm<SUP>-1</SUP>) heat inputs. Two-dimensional maps of the longitudinal residual stress were obtained by using the contour method. The results were compared to neutron diffraction measurements through the thickness at different locations from the weld centerline. The deep hole drilling technique was utilized to confirm the maximum stress locations and magnitudes. The results show that significant tensile stresses (~90% of yield strength) occur along the weld centerline near the top surface (within 10% of the depth) in the low heat-input specimen. Meanwhile, in the high heat-input weld, the peak stress moved towards the heat-affected zone at a depth of ~40% of the thickness. Finally, the influence of residual stresses on potential fracture behavior of the welded joints is discussed.
James J. Lai,John J. Hill,Casey Y. Huang,Gino C. Lee,Karol W. Mai,Maggie Y. Shen,Simon K. Wang 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2024 전남의대학술지 Vol.60 No.1
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as potent mediators of intercellular communication for many in vivo processes, contributing to both health and disease related conditions. Given their biological origins and diverse functionality from correspondingly unique “cargo” compositions, both endogenous and modified EVs are garnering attention as promising therapeutic modalities and vehicles for targeted therapeutic delivery applications. Their diversity in composition, however, has revealed a significant need for more comprehensive analytical-based characterization methods, and manufacturing processes that are consistent and scalable. In this review, we explore the dynamic landscape of EV research and development efforts, ranging from novel isolation approaches, to their analytical assessment through novel characterization techniques, and to their production by industrial-scale manufacturing process considerations. Expanding the horizon of these topics to EVs for in-human applications, we underscore the need for stringent development and adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. Wherein, the intricate interplay of raw materials, production in bioreactors, and isolation practices, along with analytical assessments compliant with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines, in conjunction with reference standard materials, collectively pave the way for standardized and consistent GMP production processes.
Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Respiratory Moisture Losses in Goats of Different Breeds
Kasa, I.W.,Thwaites, C.J.,Hill, M.D.,Baillie, N.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.6
Changes in respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory moisture loss (RML), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) were monitored in 2 adults female goats each of the Saanen (S) and Toggenburg (T) breeds during 60 min of exercise (walking at 3 km/h) on a moving-belt treadmill on each of 6 alternate days. A significant $time{\times}breed$ interaction was observed for RR; mean values in Sand T after 60 min of exercise were 130 and 223 /min ($p{\leq}0.01$). The observed time x breed interaction for RT indicated that S was less stressed by exercise than T; mean values after 60 min exercise were 40.4 and $40.8^{\circ}C$ respectively ($p{\leq}0.01$). For RML, the $day{\times}breed$ interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$) indicated that while S had higher values on day 1, thereafter the values for T were higher. The $time{\times}breed$ interaction for RML/breath indicated that values for T declined more rapidly (from 9.4 to 3.1 mgjbreath) than those for S (from 8.3 to 4.1 mgjbreath; ($p{\leq}0.01$). PCV declined during exercise ($p{\leq}0.05$) by 5.5 percentage points. The exercise imposed was stressful in that it led to increases in RR, RT and RML. S was most tolerant of exercise in that it recorded lower values of RT. The fact that the RML/breath was higher during exercies in S apparently allowed it to compensate for a lower RR. Despite higher RR and RML, T also had a higher RT, suggesting either higher muscular heat production during exercise in that breed, or higher sweating losses in S.