Influence of water activity on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in peanut butter by microwave heating

Song, W.J.,Kang, D.H. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.60 No.-

<P>This study evaluated the efficacy of a 915 MHz microwave with 3 different electric power levels to inactivate three pathogens in peanut butter with different a(w). Peanut butter inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 a(w)) were treated with a 915 MHz microwave with 2, 4, and 6 kW for up to 5 min. Six kW 915 MHz microwave treatment for 5 min reduced these three pathogens by 1.97 to >5.17 log CFU/g. Four kW 915 MHz microwave processing for 5 min reduced these pathogens by 0.41-1.98 log CFU/g. Two kW microwave heating did not inactivate pathogens in peanut butter. Weibull and Log-Linear + Shoulder models were used to describe the survival curves of three pathogens because they exhibited shouldering behavior. T-d and T-5d values were calculated based on the Weibull and Log-Linear + Shoulder models. T-d values of the three pathogens were similar to D-values of Salmonella subjected to conventional heating at 90 degrees C but T-5d values were much shorter than those of conventional heating at 90 degrees C. Generally, increased a(w) resulted in shorter T-5d values of pathogens, but not shorter T-d values. The results of this study can be used to optimize microwave heating pasteurization system of peanut butter. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

15-Deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂ induces p53 expression through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in human breast cancer cells

Kim, D. H.,Song, N. Y.,Kim, E. H.,Na, H. K.,Joe, Y.,Chung, H. T.,Surh, Y. J. Informa Healthcare 2014 Free radical research Vol.48 No.9

<P>Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-responsive enzyme that has antioxidant and cytoprotective functions. However, HO-1 has oncogenic functions in cancerous or transformed cells. In the present work, we investigated the effects of HO-1 on the expression of p53 induced by 15-deoxy-Δ<SUP>12,14</SUP>-prostaglandin J<SUB>2</SUB> (15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>) in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> led to time-dependent increases in the expression of p53 as well as HO-1. Upregulation of p53 expression by 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> was abrogated by si-RNA knock-down of HO-1. In MCF-7 cells transfected with HO-1 si-RNA, 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> failed to induce expression of p53 as well as HO-1. In addition, HO-1 inducers enhanced the p53 expression. We speculated that iron, a by-product of HO-1-catalyzed reactions, could mediate 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>-induced p53 expression. Upregulation of p53 expression by 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> was abrogated by the iron chelator desferrioxamine in MCF-7 cells. Iron released from heme by HO-1 activity is mostly in the Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> form. When MCF-7 cells were treated with the Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>-specific chelator phenanthroline, 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>-induced p53 expression was attenuated. In addition, levels of the Fe-sequestering protein H-ferritin were elevated in 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>-treated MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, upregulation of p53 and p21 via HO-1 induction and subsequent release of iron with accumulation of H-ferritin may confer resistance to oxidative damage in cancer cells frequently challenged by redox-cycling anticancer drugs.</P>

Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6

<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>

Combinatorial biosynthesis and antibacterial evaluation of glycosylated derivatives of 12-membered macrolide antibiotic YC-17

Shinde, P.B.,Han, A.R.,Cho, J.,Lee, S.R.,Ban, Y.H.,Yoo, Y.J.,Kim, E.J.,Kim, E.,Song, M.C.,Park, J.W.,Lee, D.G.,Yoon, Y.J. Elsevier Science Publishers 2013 Journal of biotechnology Vol.168 No.2

Expression plasmids carrying different deoxysugar biosynthetic gene cassettes and the gene encoding a substrate-flexible glycosyltransferase DesVII were constructed and introduced into Streptomyces venezuelae YJ003 mutant strain bearing a deletion of a desosamine biosynthetic (des) gene cluster. The resulting recombinants produced macrolide antibiotic YC-17 analogs possessing unnatural sugars replacing native d-desosamine. These metabolites were isolated and further purified using chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined as d-quinovosyl-10-deoxymethynolide, l-rhamnosyl-10-deoxymethynolide, l-olivosyl-10-deoxymethynolide, and d-boivinosyl-10-deoxymethynolide on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses and the stereochemistry of sugars was confirmed using coupling constant values and NOE correlations. Their antibacterial activities were evaluated in vitro against erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. Substitution with l-rhamnose displayed better antibacterial activity than parent compound YC-17 containing native sugar d-desosamine. The present study on relationships between chemical structures and antibacterial activities could be useful in generation of novel advanced antibiotics utilizing combinatorial biosynthesis approach.

Comparison of bactericidal efficiency of 7.5MeV X-rays, gamma-rays, and 10MeV e-beams

Song, B.S.,Lee, Y.,Moon, B.G.,Go, S.M.,Park, J.H.,Kim, J.K.,Jung, K.,Kim, D.H.,Ryu, S. Pergamon 2016 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.125 No.-

<P>This study was performed to verify the feasibility of 7.5 MeV X-rays for food pasteurization through a comparison of the bactericidal efficiency with those of other sources for selected bacterial pathogens. No significant differences were observed between the overall bactericidal efficiency for beef-inoculated pathogens based on the uncertainty of the absorbed dose and variations in bacterial counts. This result supported that all three irradiation sources were effective for inactivation of food-borne bacteria and that 7.5 MeV X-rays may be used for food pasteurization. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Tomographic 2-D X-ray imaging of toroidal fusion plasma using a tangential pinhole camera with gas electron multiplier detector

Song, I.,Jang, J.,Jeon, T.,Pacella, D.,Claps, G.,Murtas, F.,Lee, S.H.,Choe, W. Elsevier 2016 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.16 No.10

<P>A tangential X-ray pinhole camera based on a gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector was installed on KSTAR to study high temperature plasmas emitting X-ray photons in the energy band of 4-15 keV. The camera system consists of a triple-GEM gas chamber with a readout printed circuit board and a pinhole to image the plasma in two dimensions (2-D). The advantages of this tangential camera system include its compactness, high efficiency, energy discrimination in bands, and selectivity of the photon energy range etc. This camera system allows a selection of the viewing area through a remote control of the entire setup. The Philips-Tikhonov algorithm for tangential reconstruction was used to visualize the poloidal cross-sectional images. Phantom tests were performed with synthetic D-shaped plasma images and a comparison with the magnetic equilibrium flux surfaces from the real-time EFIT code obtaining a good agreement between each other. The 2-D X-ray images of the KSTAR plasma were successfully acquired during sawtooth crash, electron cyclotron heating, vertical displacement event, and emissivity from the injected trace Ar impurity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Enhanced adipogenic differentiation and reduced collagen synthesis induced by human periodontal ligament stem cells might underlie the negative effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on periodontal regeneration

Song, D‐,S.,Park, J‐,C.,Jung, I‐,H.,Choi, S‐,H.,Cho, K‐,S.,Kim, C‐,K.,Kim, C‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of periodontal research Vol.46 No.2

<P> <I>Song D‐S, Park J‐C, Jung I‐H, Choi S‐H, Cho K‐S, Kim C‐K, Kim C‐S. Enhanced adipogenic differentiation and reduced collagen synthesis induced by human periodontal ligament stem cells might underlie the negative effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on periodontal regeneration. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 193–203. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S</I> </P><P><B>Background and Objective: </B> Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) is a potent inducer for the regeneration of mineralized tissue, but has a limited effect on the regeneration of cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of rhBMP‐2 on the <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> biologic activity of well‐characterized human PDL stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of minimal periodontal regeneration by rhBMP‐2.</P><P><B>Material and Methods: </B> hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured, and then transplanted into an ectopic subcutaneous mouse model using a carrier treated either with or without rhBMP‐2. Comprehensive histologic, histometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed after an 8‐wk healing period. The effects of rhBMP‐2 on the adipogenic and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were also evaluated. The effect of rhBMP‐2 on both soluble and insoluble collagen synthesis was analyzed, and the expression of mRNA and protein for collagen types I, II, III and V was assessed.</P><P><B>Results: </B> In the present study, rhBMP‐2 promoted both adipogenic and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs <I>in vitro</I>, and the <I>in vivo</I> potential of hPDLSCs to form mineralized cementum and organized PDL tissue was down‐regulated following treatment with rhBMP‐2. Collagen synthesis, which plays a crucial role in the regeneration of cementum and the periodontal attachment, was significantly reduced, with associated modification of the relevant mRNA and protein expression profiles.</P><P><B>Conclusion: </B> In summary, the findings of the present study suggest that enhanced adipogenic differentiation and inhibition of collagen synthesis by hPDLSCs appear to be partly responsible for the minimal effect of rhBMP‐2 on cementum and PDL tissue regeneration by hPDLSCs.</P>

Microsatellite 를 이용한 돼지 Yorkshire 품종의 일당중체량 연관 DNA Marker 개발

송영민,김철욱,조광근,박외선,권은정,이정규,백동훈,최진성,노정만,홍연희 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This study was conducted to develop DNA markers related with average daily gain (ADG) using 27 pigs. Animals were divided into two groups: low ADG group had 11 pigs with 1.5 SD and high ADG group was consisted of 16 pigs with +1.5 SD. Initially, we choose and tested 78 microsatellites which could contain potential DNA markers for ADG. Part of the microsatellites were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then electrophoresed on a agarose gel followed by the allelic, genotypic and statistical analysis. According to the alleic frequency analysis, 21 DNA polymorphisms were detected from 17 microsatellites and appeared to be associated with ADG (P$lt;0.05). From the genotypic frequency analysis, 14 DNA polymorphisms were found from II microsatellites and were associated with ADG. All pigs in the low ADG group had a 135:144 hetero type for the SWR308 marker, whereas all pigs in the high ADG group had a 144:144 homo type. This and possibly other selected markers could be useful for the selecting young pigs with an excellent growth potential.

Inactivation of 3-strain cocktail pathogens inoculated into Bajirak jeotkal, salted, seasoned, and fermented short-necked clam (Tapes pilippinarum), by gamma and electron beam irradiation

Song, H.P.,Kim, B.,Yun, H.,Kim, D.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Jo, C. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2009 FOOD CONTROL Vol.20 No.6

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of gamma and electron beam irradiation of the food-borne pathogens including 3-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19114, 19115, and 19111), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538, 25923, and 29213), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802, 33844, and 27969) in Bajirak jeotkal (8% salt), salted, seasoned and fermented short-necked clam, commercially available in the market. Irradiation (0.5, 1, 2, and 5kGy) significantly reduced the initial microbial level not only immediately after irradiation but also during storage at 10<SUP>o</SUP>C for 4 weeks (P<0.05). No viable cells were detected at 5kGy of irradiation at a detection limit of 10<SUP>1</SUP>CFU/g. Gamma irradiation was more effective than electron beam irradiation, and yielded D<SUB>10</SUB> values of 0.64, 0.63, and 0.29kGy for L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and V. parahaemolyticus, and those of electron beam irradiation were 0.79, 0.81, and 0.36kGy, respectively. Results suggest that a low dose irradiation can improve the microbial quality and reduce the risk by the food-borne pathogens of Bajirak jeotkal, which has limited alternative sterilization methods due to the temperature characteristics of the products. Furthermore, in practical application, the irradiation source should be considered to obtain an effective dose for decontamination.

Oils과 Carrageenan을 이용한 저지방 소세지의 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화

문점동,송또준,박구부,신택순 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1996 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

육제품을 많이 섭취하면 성인병을 유발한다고 믿고 있는 소비자들의 인식 변화를 유도하기 위한 저지방 소세지의 생산 가능성을 제시코자 첨가하는 지방의 량을 줄여 이에 대체물로서 물을 다량 첨가함과 동시에 3종의 oil로 일부를 대체하고 유화안정제로 카라기난을 첨가하여 low-fat sausage를 제조한 후 5℃에서 6주간 저장하면서 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화에 대한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 처리구들의 pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라서 증가하였으며, 저지방 첨가구의 대조구인 B구의 pH에 비하여 카라기난을 첨가하지 않은 저지방 처리구들의 pH는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 대체로 낮은 pH를 나타내었고, 전 저장기간 동안 카라기난을 첨가한 구들이 대조구 및 다른 저지방 처리구에 비하여 높은 pH를 유지하였다(P<0.05). 2. 지방산의 조성은 대체한 oil에 의해서 oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid가 각각 증가하였으며, 저장기간에 따른 지방산 조성의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 불포화도는 perilla, sunflower, olive의 순으로 낮았으며, 저장기간에 따른 불포화도의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 오메가 지방산의 비율은 대체한 oil에 의해서 대조구와는 다른 비율을 나타내었으며 perilla유 대체구가 가장 높았고, 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화는 없었다. 3. 대조구는 모든 저지방 처리구들 보다 높은 cholesterol 함량을 나타내었고, oil의 대체로 인한 cholesterol 함량의 감소가 나타났으며, 저장기간이 경과함에 따른 cholesterol함량의 변화는 없었다. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of production of low fat sausage which was made with vegetable oils and added water to reduce back fat content in the sausage. Raw meats for the sausage were removed from the pork carcass(90∼100kg, female, 5∼7months of age) 4∼6 hours after slaughter and randomly assigned to one of eight treatments : control(back fat 30% and water 10), treatment A(back fat 15% and water 25%), treatment B(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment C(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5%, water 15% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment D(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment E(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment F(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5% and water 15%) and treatment G(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%). The sausage samples were stored at 5±1℃. The pH, fatty acid and cholesterol were analyzed for over a period of times(0, 2, 4, 6 weeks) The results obtained were summarized as follows : The pH of all treatments was increased with the storage period. The pH values of sausages with carrageenan were lower than that of treatment A but there were no significant differences between the sausages and treatment A. The pH of sausages with carrageenan was higher than those of control and other(P<0.05). The composition of fatty acids of sausages with olive, sunflower and perilla oil was changed, so treatment B and c, D and E and F and G had higher oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. There was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of sausages was affected by oil type and there was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of sausages was different from that of control, and that of treatment F and G, both of which perilla oil was added, was higher than those of others. There was no difference with the storage period. The cholesterol content of control was higher than those of others, and that of low fat sausages was decreased. There was no difference with the storage period.