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- 저자 : J. Van de Water (검색결과 2 건)
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M.E. Gershwin,J. Van de Water,T.K. Mao 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.1
Spirulina represents a blue-green alga that is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement formodulating immune functions, as well as ameliorating a variety of diseases. We have previously shown that the in vitrocul-ture of Spirulinawith human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) modulated the production of cytokines. In the pre-sent study, we evaluated the impact of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement (Earthrise Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA) on pa-tients with allergic rhinitis by assessing the production of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-., and IL-2] criticalin regulating immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy. In a randomized double-blinded crossover study versus placebo, allergicindividuals were fed daily with either placebo or Spirulina,at 1,000 mg or 2,000 mg, for 12 weeks. PBMCs isolated beforeand after the Spirulinafeeding were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) prior to determining the levels of cytokinefrom cell culture supernatants. Although Spirulinaseemed to be ineffective at modulating the secretion of Th1 cytokines (IFN-. and IL-2), we discovered that Spirulina,administered at 2,000 mg/day, significantly reduced IL-4 levels by 32% fromPHA-stimulated cells. These results indicate that Spirulinacan modulate the Th profile in patients with allergic rhinitis bysuppressing the differentiation of Th2 cells mediated, in part, by inhibiting the production of IL-4. To our knowledge, this isthe first human feeding study that demonstrates the protective effects of Spirulinatowards allergic rhinitis.
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M.E. Gershwin,T.K. Mao,J. Van de Water,C.L. Keen,H.H. Schmitz 한국식품영양과학회 2002 Journal of medicinal food Vol.5 No.1
We previously showed that flavanols and their related oligomers (FLO) isolated from cocoacan have immunomodulatory effects on production of the cytokines interleukin-1 b (IL-1b),IL-2, and IL-4. In the present study, we examined whether selected FLO fractions isolatedfrom coa (monomer through decamer) modulate IL-5 protein secretion from resting andphytohemagglutin in (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Al-though FLO fractions were unstimulatory for IL-5 secretion in resting cells, PHA-induced IL-5 release from PBMC was markedly affected by certain FLO fractions. The monomeric andsmall oligomeric (dimer and trimer) fractions enhanced PHA stimulation by 50%, 54%, and43%, respectively. In contrast, the larger oligomeric fractions (hexamer through decamer) in-hibited IL-5 release in the range of 18% to 39%; the tetramer and pentamer showed interme-diate effects. The increment in IL-5 suggests that FLO may preferentially stimulate im-munoglobulin A. We suggest that in the oral cavity this could result in reduction in the riskfor dental caries and periodontal disease. This work offers additional data for considerationof the health benefits of dietary FLO from a variety of foods, including those benefits asso-ciated specifically with consumption of some cocoas and chocolates.17
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