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á à Á À é è É È ç Ç ê
Ä Ö Ü ä ö ü ß
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      저자 : Itaru Kojima (검색결과 2 건)
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        The Role of the Sweet Taste Receptor in Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic β-Cells

        Itaru Kojima,Yuko Nakagawa 대한당뇨병학회 2011 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.35 No.5

        The sweet taste receptor is expressed in taste cells located in taste buds of the tongue. This receptor senses sweet substances in the oral cavity, activates taste cells, and transmits the taste signals to adjacent neurons. The sweet taste receptor is a heterodimer of two G protein-coupled receptors, T1R2 and T1R3. Recent studies have shown that this receptor is also expressed in the extragustatory system, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic β-cells, and glucose-responsive neurons in the brain. In the intestine,the sweet taste receptor regulates secretion of incretin hormones and glucose uptake from the lumen. In β-cells, activation of the sweet taste receptor leads to stimulation of insulin secretion. Collectively, the sweet taste receptor plays an important role in recognition and metabolism of energy sources in the body.

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        Sweet Taste-Sensing Receptors Expressed in Pancreatic ß-Cells: Sweet Molecules Act as Biased Agonists

        Itaru Kojima,Yuko Nakagawa,Yoshiaki Ohtsu,Anya Medina,Masahiro Nagasawa 대한내분비학회 2014 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.29 No.1

        The sweet taste receptors present in the taste buds are heterodimers comprised of T1R2 and T1R3. This receptor is also expressed in pancreatic ß-cells. When the expression of receptor subunits is determined in ß-cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expression level of T1R2 is extremely low compared to that of T1R3. In fact, the expression of T1R2 is undetectable at the protein level. Furthermore, knockdown of T1R2 does not affect the effect of sweet molecules, whereas knockdown of T1R3 markedly attenuates the effect of sweet molecules. Consequently, a homodimer of T1R3 functions as a receptor sensing sweet molecules in ß-cells, which we designate as sweet taste-sensing receptors (STSRs). Various sweet molecules activate STSR in ß-cells and augment insulin secretion. With regard to intracellular signals, sweet molecules act on STSRs and increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ and/or cyclic AMP (cAMP). Specifically, when an STSR is stimulated by one of four different sweet molecules (sucralose, acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, or glycyrrhizin), distinct signaling pathways are activated. Patterns of changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and/or cAMP induced by these sweet molecules are all different from each other. Hence, sweet molecules activate STSRs by acting as biased agonists.

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