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Ishimura, Shota,Kim, Byung Gon,Tanaka, Kazuki,Nishimura, Kosuke,Kim, Hoon,Chung, Yun C.,Suzuki, Masatoshi IEEE 2018 IEEE photonics journal Vol.10 No.1
<P>We demonstrate a broadband and long-distance intermediate frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) transmission scheme employing a transmitter composed of parallel intensity/phase (IM/PM) modulators with appropriate bandwidth allocations to IM and PM. Due to the proposed scheme, we can eliminate all the null frequencies caused by dispersion-induced RF power fading, which, in turn, enables us to significantly increase the available bandwidth. In addition, our system does not require any synchronization between IM and PM, which reduces complexity compared to conventional parallel transmitter architecture. We successfully transmitted 20 <TEX>$\times$</TEX> 360 MHz filtered orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed signals corresponding to a common public radio interface equivalent data rate of 524.28 Gbps over a 30- and 40-km single-mode fiber satisfying the 8% threshold for the error-vector magnitude values for all the subcarriers. These results show that our proposed IFoF transmission scheme is scalable to long-distance mobile fronthaul links for 5G and beyond.</P>
Isolation of Polyacrylamide-degrading Microorganisms from Soil
Matsuoka, H.,Ishimura, F.,Takeda, T.,Hikuma, M. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.5
Two polyacrylamide degrading bacterial strains, No. 2 and No. 11, were isolated from soil, and identified as Bacillus sphaericus No.2 and Acinetobacter sp. No. 11, respectively. Both strains grew on medium containing polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. B. sphaericus No. 2 and A. sp. No. 11 reduced by 16% and 19%of the initial polyacrylamide concentration, respectively. Optimal pH and temperature in growth of Acinetobacter sp. No. 11 were 8.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. After 14-day cultivation of A. sp. No. 11, the average molecular weight of polyacrylamide has been shifted from $2.3{\times}10^6\;to\;0.5{\time}106$.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use
Yoshikazu Kinoshita,Norihisa Ishimura,Shunji Ishihara 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.2
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) potently inhibit gastric acid secretion and are widely used for treatment of acid-related diseases including gastroesophageal reflux disease and secondary prevention of aspirin/NSAID-induced ulcers. Although clinically important adverse effects of PPIs can occur, just as with other drugs, those are not frequently observed during or after administration. Thus, PPIs are regarded as relatively safe and considered to be clinically beneficial. Recently, PPIs have become frequently administered to patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases or primary prevention of drug-related gastroduodenal damage, even though their beneficial effects for those conditions have not been fully confirmed. PPIs tend to be given for conditions in which the necessity of the drug has not been clarified, thus otherwise rare adverse effects are presented as clinically relevant. Although several PPI-related adverse effects have been reported, their clinical relevance is not yet clear, since the evidence reported in those studies is not at a high enough level, as the majority are based on retrospective observational studies and the reported hazard ratios are low. It is important to administer PPIs only for patients who will gain a substantial clinical benefit and to continue to investigate their adverse effects with high quality prospective studies.
( Shino Shimura ),( Norihisa Ishimura ),( Hironobu Mikami ),( Eiko Okimoto ),( Goichi Uno ),( Yuji Tamagawa ),( Masahito Aimi ),( Naoki Oshima ),( Shuichi Sato ),( Shunji Ishihara ),( Yoshikazu Kinosh 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the prevalence and clinical conditions of SIBO in patients with FGID remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we examined the frequency of SIBO in patients with refractory FGID. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with refractory FGID based on Rome III criteria. A glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) was performed using a gas analyzer after an overnight fast, with breath hydrogen concentration measured at baseline and every 15 minutes after administration of glucose for a total of 3 hours. A peak hydrogen value ≥ 10 ppm above the basal value between 60 and 120 minutes after administration of glucose was diagnosed as SIBO. Results A total of 38 FGID patients, including 11 with functional dyspepsia (FD), 10 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 17 with overlapping with FD and IBS, were enrolled. Of those, 2 (5.3%) were diagnosed with SIBO (one patient diagnosed with FD; the other with overlapping FD and IBS). Their symptoms were clearly improved and breath hydrogen levels decreased to normal following levofloxacin administration for 7 days. Conclusions Two patients initially diagnosed with FD and IBS were also diagnosed with SIBO as assessed by GHBT. Although the frequency of SIBO is low among patients with FGID, it may be important to be aware of SIBO as differential diagnosis when examining patients with refractory gastrointestinal symptoms, especially bloating, as a part of routine clinical care. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:60-68)
( Hironobu Mikami ),( Norihisa Ishimura ),( Kousuke Fukazawa ),( Mayumi Okada ),( Daisuke Izumi ),( Shino Shimura ),( Eiko Okimoto ),( Masahito Aimi ),( Shunji Ishihara ),( Yoshikazu Kinoshita ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims Prokinetic drugs such as metoclopramide are frequently used as second-line therapy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, their beneficial effects remain unclear. Esophageal motor activities and compliance of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) are important for prevention of gastroesophageal reflux. Although metoclopramide has been reported to increase lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, its effects on EGJ compliance have not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metoclopramide on esophageal motor activities and EGJ compliance. Methods Nine healthy male volunteers without abdominal symptoms were enrolled. Peristaltic esophageal contractions and LES pressure were examined using high-resolution esophageal manometry, while EGJ compliance was evaluated with an endoluminal functional lumenimaging probe. After obtaining baseline values for esophageal motor activities and EGJ compliance, metoclopramide (10 mg) was intravenously administered, then all measurements were repeated at 15 minutes after administration in each subject. Results Following administration of metoclopramide, mean resting LES pressure was significantly increased as compared with the baseline (13.7 ± 9.2 vs 26.7 ± 8.8 mmHg, P < 0.05). In addition, metoclopramide significantly augmented peristaltic contractions, especially in the distal esophageal segment (P < 0.05). On the other hand, distensibility index did not change after administration (4.5 ± 0.5 vs 4.1 ± 0.5 mm2/mmHg), suggesting no significant effect of metoclopramide on EGJ compliance. Conclusions Metoclopramide augmented esophageal contractions without changing EGJ compliance in healthy adults. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:112-117)
Acotiamide Has No Effects on Esophageal Motor Activity or Esophagogastric Junction Compliance
Hironobu Mikami,Norihisa Ishimura,Mayumi Okada,Daisuke Izumi,Eiko Okimoto,Shunji Ishihara,Yoshikazu Kinoshita 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.2
Background/Aims The novel prokinetic drug acotiamide is used for treatment of functional dyspepsia. It is still unclear how acotiamide has effects on esophageal motor function. Esophageal peristalsis and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) compliance has an important role for prevention of esophageal mucosal damage caused by gastroesophageal reflux, however, few studies have analyzed the effects of acotiamide on those former activities and none have investigated its effects on EGJ compliance. The aim of our research was to examine the effects of acotiamide on esophageal motility and EGJ compliance. Methods We enrolled 3 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients as well as 9 healthy volunteers. Using high-resolution manometry, we examined esophageal motor activity parameters, including esophageal body contractions and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. While, EGJ compliance was evaluated using a functional lumen imaging probe. Following determination of baseline values for esophageal motor activities and EGJ compliance, acotiamide at a standard dose of 300 mg/day was administered for 3 days. All measurements were performed again 2 hours after the last acotiamide administration. Results In the healthy volunteers, as compared with the baseline values, acotiamide administration did not significantly change esophageal body contractions and LES pressure. And EGJ distensibility was not significantly changed (distensibility index in 40-mL distension: 3.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.5 mm2/mmHg). Similarly in the GERD patients, there were no differences in either esophageal motility or EGJ compliance between before and after acotiamide administration (distensibility index in 40-mL distension: 6.2 ± 0.5 vs 6.5 ± 1.1 mm2/mmHg). Conclusion In both healthy individuals and GERD patients, standard dose acotiamide dose does not have significant effects on esophageal motor activities or EGJ compliance.