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Wind-induced response of a twin-tower structure
Xie, Jiming,Irwin, Peter A. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.6
With a newly developed multi-force-balance system(MFB), a twin-tower structure was studied for its wind-induced responses. The MFB system allowed the twin towers, which were linked structurally, to be treated as a single structural system with its corresponding modes of vibration involving coupled motions of the two towers. The towers were also studied using a more conventional force balance approach in which each tower was treated as an isolated structure, i.e., as though no structural link existed. Comparison of the results reveals how the wind loads between the towers are redistributed through the structural links and the modal couplings. The results suggest that although the structural links usually have beneficial impacts on wind-induced response, they may also play a negative role if the frequency ratios of pair modes are near 1.0.
Anti-Candida activity of Mentha arvensis and Turnera ulmifolia
Karla K.A. Santos,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Celestina E.S. Souza,Saulo R. Tintino,Maria F.B.M. Braga,Glaucia M.M. Guedes,Lavouisier F.B. Nogueira,Edson C. Morais,Jose´ G.M. Costa,Irwin R.A. Menezes,Henriqu 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.3
Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi, frequently caused by Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. Mentha arvensis L. is a herbaceous plant that occurs throughout South America and is used as a tea and in the folk medicine. Turnera ulmifolia L. is already known to be of medicinal value. Ethanol extracts from M. arvensis and T. ulmifolia were assayed for antifungal activity against strains of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. No clinically relevant antifungal activity was demonstrated by the extracts;however, a potentiation effect was observed when the extracts were applied with metronidazole against C. tropicalis. M. arvensis and T. ulmifolia could represent a source of natural products with modifying antifungal activity.
Cytotoxic, Trypanocidal, and Antifungal Activities of Eugenia jambolana L.
Karla K.A. dos Santos,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Saulo R. Tintino,Celestina E.S. Souza,Maria F.B.M. Braga,Gla´ucia M.M. Guedes,Miriam Rolo´n,Celeste Vega,Antonieta Rojas de Arias,Jose´ G.M. Costa,Irwin A. M 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1
Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs currently used, nifurtimox and benzonidazole, present high toxicity levels. Alternatives for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Eugenia jambolana, a plant used in traditional medicine because of its antimicrobial and biological activities. An ethanol extract from E. jambolana was prepared. To research in vitro anti-epimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1 · 105/mL in 200 lL of tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay J774 macrophages were used. To examine antifungal activity, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were used. This is the first record of trypanocide activity for E. jambolana. The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of the parasites was 56.42 lg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was £ 1,024 lg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with the ethanol extract of E. jambolana. Thus our results indicate that E. jambolana could be a source of plantderived natural products with anti-epimastigote and antifungal modifying activity with moderate toxicity.
Reynolds number effects on twin box girder long span bridge aerodynamics
Kargarmoakhar, Ramtin,Chowdhury, Arindam G.,Irwin, Peter A. Techno-Press 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.20 No.2
This paper investigates the effects of Reynolds number (Re) on the aerodynamic characteristics of a twin-deck bridge. A 1:36 scale sectional model of a twin girder bridge was tested using the Wall of Wind (WOW) open jet wind tunnel facility at Florida International University (FIU). Static tests were performed on the model, instrumented with pressure taps and load cells, at high wind speeds with Re ranging from $1.3{\times}10^6$ to $6.1{\times}10^6$ based on the section width. Results show that the section was almost insensitive to Re when pitched to negative angles of attack. However, mean and fluctuating pressure distributions changed noticeably for zero and positive wind angles of attack while testing at different Re regimes. The pressure results suggested that with the Re increase, a larger separation bubble formed on the bottom surface of the upstream girder accompanied with a narrower wake region. As a result, drag coefficient decreased mildly and negative lift coefficient increased. Flow modification due to the Re increase also helped in distributing forces more equally between the two girders. The bare deck section was found to be prone to vortex shedding with limited dependence on the Re. Based on the observations, vortex mitigation devices attached to the bottom surface were effective in inhibiting vortex shedding, particularly at lower Re regime.
Reynolds number effects on twin box girder long span bridge aerodynamics
Ramtin Kargarmoakhar,Arindam G. Chowdhury,Peter A. Irwin 한국풍공학회 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.20 No.2
This paper investigates the effects of Reynolds number (Re) on the aerodynamic characteristicsof a twin-deck bridge. A 1:36 scale sectional model of a twin girder bridge was tested using the Wall of Wind(WOW) open jet wind tunnel facility at Florida International University (FIU). Static tests were performedon the model, instrumented with pressure taps and load cells, at high wind speeds with Re ranging from1.3 × 10 6 to 6.1 × 10 6 based on the section width. Results show that the section was almost insensitive to Re when pitched to negative angles of attack. However, mean and fluctuating pressure distributionschanged noticeably for zero and positive wind angles of attack while testing at different Re regimes. Thepressure results suggested that with the Re increase, a larger separation bubble formed on the bottomsurface of the upstream girder accompanied with a narrower wake region. As a result, drag coefficientdecreased mildly and negative lift coefficient increased. Flow modification due to the Re increase alsohelped in distributing forces more equally between the two girders. The bare deck section was found to beprone to vortex shedding with limited dependence on the Re. Based on the observations, vortex mitigationdevices attached to the bottom surface were effective in inhibiting vortex shedding, particularly at lower Re regime.
Enhancement of the Antifungal Activity of Antimicrobial Drugs by Eugenia uniflora L.
Karla K.A. Santos,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Saulo R. Tintino,Celestina E.S. Souza,Maria F.B.M. Braga,Glaucia M.M. Guedes,Jose´ G.M. Costa,Irwin R.A. Menezes,Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.7
Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. Ethanol extract from Eugenia uniflora was assayed, for its antifungal activity, either alone or combined with four selected chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents, including anphotericin B, mebendazole, nistatin, and metronidazole against these strains. The obtained results indicated that the association of the extract of E. uniflora to metronidazole showed a potential antifungal activity against C. tropicalis. However, no synergistic activity against the other strains was observed, as observed when the extract was associated with the other, not enhancing their antifungal activity.
Human-Induced Vibrations in Buildings
Wesolowsky, Michael J.,Irwin, Peter A.,Galsworthy, Jon K.,Bell, Andrew K. Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2012 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.1 No.1
Occupant footfalls are often the most critical source of floor vibration on upper floors of buildings. Floor motions can degrade the performance of imaging equipment, disrupt sensitive research equipment, and cause discomfort for the occupants. It is essential that low-vibration environments be provided for functionality of sensitive spaces on floors above grade. This requires a sufficiently stiff and massive floor structure that effectively resists the forces exerted from user traffic. Over the past 25 years, generic vibration limits have been developed, which provide frequency dependent sensitivities for wide classes of equipment, and are used extensively in lab design for healthcare and research facilities. The same basis for these curves can be used to quantify acceptable limits of vibration for human comfort, depending on the intended occupancy of the space. When available, manufacturer's vibration criteria for sensitive equipment are expressed in units of acceleration, velocity or displacement and can be specified as zero-to-peak, peak-to-peak, or root-mean-square (rms) with varying frequency ranges and resolutions. Several approaches to prediction of floor vibrations are currently applied in practice. Each method is traceable to fundamental structural dynamics, differing only in the level of complexity assumed for the system response, and the required information for use as model inputs. Three commonly used models are described, as well as key features they possess that make them attractive to use for various applications. A case study is presented of a tall building which has fitness areas on two of the upper floors. The analysis predicted that the motions experienced would be within the given criteria, but showed that if the floor had been more flexible, the potential exists for a locked-in resonance response which could have been felt over large portions of the building.
Sawair, F,Hassona, Y,Irwin, C,Stephenson, M,Hamilton, P,Maxwell, P,Gordon, D,Leonard, A,Napier, S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3
Background: Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. Materials and Methods: Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. Results: The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. Conclusions: Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.
The VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) survey★
Jarvis, Matt J.,Bonfield, D. G.,Bruce, V. A.,Geach, J. E.,McAlpine, K.,McLure, R. J.,Gonzá,lez-Solares, E.,Irwin, M.,Lewis, J.,Yoldas, A. Kupcu,Andreon, S.,Cross, N. J. G.,Emerson, J. P.,Dalton, Oxford University Press 2013 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.428 No.2