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Ingyu Oh,장원호,임현진 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2023 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.52 No.4
This article presents an in-depth explanation of the most common denominator of Hallyu (Korean Wave) fans not only in Japan, the largest Hallyu market in the world, but in other parts of the world as well. We introduce a concept of “female universalism, which is associated with three factors of gendered, racial, and postcolonial melancholia, in order to explain the global boom of the new postcolonial pop genre known as Hallyu. Defined as a female-dominated pop culture through alternative media outlets as social media and streaming apps, such as YouTube, Spotify, and Netflix, we focus on the alternative message Hallyu presents to its fans as opposed to those found in mainstream pop culture created by the Anglo-American and Hollywood pop culture industries. The alternative message is the affective attraction, which is created by Hallyu artists and then conveyed to female Hallyu fans. It is a diverse message about individual dreams, female success, finding pure love with male partners, social justice, and many others. Nonetheless, we find these messages are united under the banner of female universalism that ultimately alleviates gendered melancholia and empowers them to join the creative aspect of their fandom, including cover dancing, studying Korean language and culture, and participating in ambitious social projects that would transform the world into a more female friendly place.
오인규(Oh Ingyu) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2018 인문사회과학연구 Vol.19 No.3
본 논문은 해양한류와 지역발전 간의 상관관계를 이론적으로 설명해 보려는 노력의 일환이다. 저자는 한류의 존재론적 정의를 親여성 하위문화로 규정하고, 이 정의에 따라 해양한류의 정의를 親여성 하위문화 콘텐츠가 해양을 배경으로 혹은 해양을 중심적 주제로 설정하여 제작된 문화작품으로 하위 규정한다. 이를 바탕으로 테스트 가능한 여러 가정들을 이론적으로 도출해 내고, 이 가정들이 지역발전과 무슨 연관관계가 있는지를 규명한다. 특히 부산의 해양산업이 어떻게 해양한류산업을 창조해내고 해양한류 산업을 흡수하면서 부산의 해양산업 자체를 확장시킬 수 있는가에 대하여 이론적으로 규명한다. 이 과정에서 왜 전 세계적으로 각광을 받고 있는 한류가 문화콘텐츠로서 대한민국 수도권의 발전뿐만 아니라, 지역의 문화 콘텐츠와 연계되어 지역발전 또한 견인하지 못했는가를 분석해 본다. 특히 한류가 부산을 포함한 대규모 해양지역의 발전에 공헌할 수 있는 해양한류라는 콘텐츠를 통해 해양한류의 지역산업화 및 발전에 도움이 되지 못한 이유를 분석하여, 한류의 존재론적 정의와 해양한류의 관계를 다시 짚어본다. 이러한 이론적 검증을 토대로 부산에 있어서 해양한류와 지역발전의 가능성에 대한 실천 가능한 시나리오를 제시하고, 그 실천의 과정을 차례대로 소개하며 앞으로 해양한류라는 새로운 콘텐츠의 가능성과, 그것과 연계된 새로운 해양콘텐츠 산업이 어떻게 해양지역을 배경으로 하는 지역 경제발전에 도움이 될 수 있는지 산업적으로 분석해 보는 것을 마지막 목적으로 한다. This paper attempts to explain theoretically the relationship between marine Hallyu and regional development. I define Hallyu ontologically as a subcultural category that is pro-women, and according to this definition, I also subsequently define marine Hallyu as the cultural products that are intended to target female audiences based on marine contents and/or marine backgrounds. Based on these ontological definitions, I derive various testable hypotheses to shed light on the question of what these hypotheses have in common with the concept of regional development. Particularly, this paper is interested in theoretically clarifying how the marine industries in Busan can lead to the creation of the marine Hallyu industry and expand its sheer size by absorbing the new cultural industry. Additionally, this paper intends to analyze why Hallyu could not be expanded to regional areas of Korea, leading to regional development, despite its massive success globally, which enabled the success of the Hallyu industry in Seoul and its vicinities. I am particularly interested in explaining why the extant studies and government policies have failed to detect the huge potential of marine Hallyu for the development of the Busan area and other large port cities. This is to highlight the relationship between the significance of the ontological definition of Hallyu and marine Hallyu. Finally, based on the theoretical discussions so far, this paper provides implementable scenarios of regional development through marine Hallyu and demonstrate the industrial process of stage-by-stage development of the regional industrialization scenario that promotes the proposed marine contents industry.
Oh, Juntaek,Hwang, Ingyu,Rhee, Sangkee American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2016 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.291 No.29
<P>In Burkholderia species, the production of oxalate, an acidic molecule, is a key event for bacterial growth in the stationary phase. Oxalate plays a central role in maintaining environmental pH, which counteracts inevitable population-collapsing alkaline toxicity in amino acid-based culture medium. In the phytopathogen Burkholderia glurnae, two enzymes are responsible for oxalate production. First, the enzyme oxalate biosynthetic component A (ObcA) catalyzes the formation of a tetrahedral C6-CoA adduct from the substrates acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. Then the ObcB enzyme liberates three products from the C6-CoA adduct: oxalate, acetoacetate, and CoA. Interestingly, these two stepwise reactions are catalyzed by a single bifunctional enzyme, Obc1, from Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia pseudornallei. Obc1 has an ObcA-like N-terminal domain and shows ObcB activity in its C-terminal domain despite no sequence homology with ObcB. We report the crystal structure of Obcl in its apo and glycerol-bound form at 2.5 A and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The Obcl N-terminal domain is essentially identical both in structure and function to that of ObcA. Its C-terminal domain has an alpha/beta hydrolase fold that has a catalytic triad for oxalate production and a novel oxyanion hole distinct from the canonical HGGG motif in other a/0 hydrolases. Functional analyses through mutagenesis studies suggested that His -934 is an additional catalytic acid/base for its lyase activity and liberates two additional products, acetoacetate and CoA. These results provide structural and functional insights into bacterial oxalogenesis and an example of divergent evolution of the a/13 hydrolase fold, which has both hydrolase and lyase activity.</P>
Structural Basis for Bacterial Quorum Sensing-mediated Oxalogenesis
Oh, Juntaek,Goo, Eunhye,Hwang, Ingyu,Rhee, Sangkee American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2014 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.289 No.16
<P>The <I>Burkholderia</I> species utilize acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, substrates for citrate synthase in the TCA cycle, to produce oxalic acid in response to bacterial cell to cell communication, called quorum sensing. Quorum sensing-mediated oxalogenesis via a sequential reaction by ObcA and ObcB counteracts the population-collapsing alkaline pH of the stationary growth phase. Thus, the oxalic acid produced plays an essential role as an excreted public good for survival of the group. Here, we report structural and functional analyses of ObcA, revealing mechanistic features distinct from those of citrate synthase. ObcA exhibits a unique fold, in which a (β/α)<SUB>8</SUB>-barrel fold is located in the C-domain with the N-domain inserted into a loop following α1 in the barrel fold. Structural analyses of the complexes with oxaloacetate and with a bisubstrate adduct indicate that each of the oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA substrates is bound to an independent site near the metal coordination shell in the barrel fold. In catalysis, oxaloacetate serves as a nucleophile by forming an enolate intermediate mediated by Tyr<SUP>322</SUP> as a general base, which then attacks the thioester carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA to yield a tetrahedral adduct between the two substrates. Therefore, ObcA catalyzes its reaction by combining the enolase and acetyltransferase superfamilies, but the presence of the metal coordination shell and the absence of general acid(s) produces an unusual tetrahedral CoA adduct as a stable product. These results provide the structural basis for understanding the first step in oxalogenesis and constitute an example of the functional diversity of an enzyme for survival and adaptation in the environment.</P>