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JungHyunOak,YoungbaeSuh1,InKyuLee 한국조류학회I 2002 ALGAE Vol.17 No.4
Phylogenetic relationships of Sargassum with the emphasis on subgenus Bactrophycus were examined on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for 23 accessions of Sargassum representing 18 species, and two outgroups, Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura and Myagropsis myagroides (Mertens ex Turner) Fensholt. Fifteen species were included in the molecular analysis to represent all sections of the subgenus Bactrophycus recognized to date (Spongocarpus, Teretia, Halochloa, and Repentia), and additional three species were analyzed to represent three other subgenera of Sargassum (Sargassum, Schizophycus, and Phyllotrichia) found in Korea. In the resulting phylogenetic trees, H. fusiformis was nested in the clade of subgenus Bactrophycus as sister group of section Teretia with high confidence even though it was designated as one of outgroups in the phylogenetic analysis. Species of section Teretia formed a very robust clade. Section Spongocarpus was branched off as a sister group of the Hizikia-Teretia clade. Members of section Halochloa showed very little differences in ITS sequences and formed a very tight clade with S. yezoense, which is a member of section Repentia (99% in bootstrap analysis). Sequences of ITS of S. yezoense was identical with ones of S. siliquastrum, although they belong to different sections, Repentia and Halochloa, respectively. In the phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences, members of subgenus Bactrophycus including the monotypic genus Hizikia were clearly separated from other subgenera of Sargassum as forming a highly supported monophyletic group. The molecular data strongly claim that Hizikia should be treated as a member of the genus Sargassum. The molecular study also suggests that sections Repentia and Halochloa are closely allied, but further analyses with more extensive sampling should be needed to look into taxonomic circum criptions for sections Halochloa and Repentia, of which taxonomic limitations were not clearly defined in this study.
Taxonomy of Hypoglossum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Korea
JungHyunOak,Mi-RaPark,InKyuLee 한국조류학회I 2002 ALGAE Vol.17 No.1
Five species of Hypoglossum from the coasts of Korea were described. They were distinguished each other by vegetative morphology as well as reproductive structures. H. barbatum Okamura and H. simulans Wynne, Price et Ballantine were similar in their subalternate branchings but they were clearly different by developmental mode of 3rd-order cell rows. H. simulans is distinguished from H. barbatum as well as from the other three species in that only innermost cells of 2nd-order rows cut off 3rd-order cell rows. H. geminatum Okamura and H. caloglossoides Wynne et Kraft are oppositely branched but the latter is characterized by regular constrictions at branching points. H. minimum Yamada developed simple blades. Among them, H. simulans, H. caloglossoides, and H. minimum are newly recorded from Korean waters.
스포츠 생리학 : 감식초 투여가 장시간 운동시 산소운반 및 피로회복능력에 미치는 영향
김기진(KiJinKim),배영상(YeoungsangBae),이순천(SoonchenLee),이원재(WonjaeLee),이인규(InkyuLee),윤여경(YeokyeongYoon),류전수(JeonsooYoo),박형국(HyoungkookPark),하원호(WonhoHa) 한국체육학회 1997 한국체육학회지 Vol.36 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 운동전, 후의 감식초 함유음료섭취가 장시간의 운동시 산소운반능력의 변화와 회복기의 피로제거양상에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 감식초의 스포츠음료 및 훈련외적 보조물로서의 활용가능성을 제안하는데 있다. 장거리 육상선수를 대상으로 최대산소섭취량 기준 85% 강도로 45분동안의 트레드밀 달리기시 생수, 저농도의 감식초를 함유한 감식초음료 A 및 고농도의 감식초를 함유한 농축 감식초음료 B 등의 섭취에 의한 산소운반능력, 피로회복능력, 수분대사조절 능력 등을 실시하였다.감식초음료 B 섭취군이 동일한 운동강도의 운동수행중과 회복기에 위약섭취군에 비해서 낮은 심박수를 나타냈으며, 혈중 젖산농도의 변화에서는 감식초음료 B 섭취군이 운동중 및 회복기에 전반적으로 가장 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 특히 운동중 5분, 15분 및 20분에 위약섭취군에 비해서 유의하게(P<0.05) 낮은 혈중 젖산농도를 나타냈다. 또한 회복기 15분, 30분 및 60분에서의 젖산회복률에서 감식초음료 B 섭취군이 위약섭취군에 비해서 유의하게(P<0.05) 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 운동수행시 전반적으로 감식초음료 B 섭취군이 높은 산소환기당량의 비율을 나타내므로서 고농도의 감시초함유음료 섭취가 동일한 환기수준에서 산소운반이 다소 활성화되는 것으로 간주된다.또한, 운동중 및 회복기에 감식초음료 B 섭취군이 헤마토크리트치의 가장 낮은 경향을 나타내면서 수분감소를 방지할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.이상의 결과에서 결론적으로 고농도의 감식초함유 음료 섭취는 운동중 및 회복과정의 심박수 및 혈중 젖산농도 감소에 의한 피로방지 및 피로회복에 효과적이면서 산소운반효율의 활성화현상을 나타내면서 운동능력향상에 도움을 주는 것으로 간주된다. 그러나 추후 보다 다양한 운동부하조건에서 많은 대상자에 대한 분석이 이루어짐으로서 명확한 결론을 내릴 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. We examined the effects of sports-drink with persimmon-vinegar on physiological response during exercise and recovery phase. The subjects were eight male middle distance runners, and exercise protocol was performed with 45 min treadmill running and 85% VO₂max intensity. High density of vinegar intake group showed a lower heart rate during exercise and recovery phase than placebo group. In the change of blood lactate concentration, high density of vinegar intake group showed a significant lower values at 5 min, 15 min, and 20 min during exercise than placebo group. In the recovery rate of blood lactate after exercise, high density of vinegar intake group showed a significant higher values than placebo group. In the change of ratio of oxyen uptake to minute ventilation during exercise, high density of vinegar intake group showed a higher values than placebo group. In these results, intake of sports-drink with persimmon-vinegar give rise to the activation of effective oxygen transport function during exercise and recovery of exercise-induced fatigue.
Optimization of Driver Selection for Minimizing Cost on LNG Plant Considering Risk Factor
Inkyu Lee,Kyungjae Tak,Wonsub Lim,Il Moon,Kwang-ho Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
The natural gas liquefaction process is an cryogenic system so it is very energy and cost intensive. There are several ways to reduce energy and cost consumption. One is getting optimal design and the other is getting optimal operating condition. After determined the process design, then optimize operating conditions such as temperatures, pressures and compositions. In this paper, to get optimal design in point of cost, optimization of driver selection is performed considering risk factor on C3-MR (propane pre-cooling mixed refregerant) process. Driver selection includes capital and operating cost. Capital cost could just get from venders but operating cost is very changeable. To solve driver selection more accurate, our team consider not only cost of fuels and electrics but also risk factor as the cost term. There are three scenarios to compare effects of risk factor. Risk factor depends on number of compressors which is connected to same driver. Each case is selected from mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimization results. The result is significantly different considering risk factor or not.