Analysis of Participation by Female Seniors in the Korean Job Creation Program for the Elderly

Hyungho Youn,Jin Su Hwang 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2010 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.2

The high aging rate in Korea is unprecedented in the history of the nation. However, the public system for supporting old people financially is insufficient. As a way of coping with rapid aging, the government of Korea launched a job creation program for the elderly in 2004. Five years after its inception, it has now taken the position as a full-scale public labor project. The previous researches on the program were mainly concerned with two issues from gender-neutral perspective, building a system of the program and evaluating its performance. Their finding are also limited as they used the surveys of small sample size collected at a particular time and location, and their methodology relied mainly on subjective opinions by the program participants. The present research is based on more reliable and comprehensive data for empirical analysis and investigates socio-economic conditions of the participants, their participation motives, work types, and also their participation frequency from gender perspective. Female participants were less educated, economically weak, and lived alone. Because of their disadvantaged socio-economic status, they were more likely to choose public service over education in work type. Also, they tended to participate repeatedly in the program to earn income rather than for self-development or social participation. Considering the behavior of female participants, we would suggest that the program be redesigned to fortify income function so that females who have participated for longer period can be benefited with higher wages and extended work days.

Energy Prices and Risk Exposure To The Budget of Korean Households

Hyungho Youn,Byung In Lim,Eui Young Lee,YoungRok Choi 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

The abrupt increase in the energy prices in 2007 and 2008 impinged economic hardship on a low income Korean household. Especially it caused a low income household to spend more on energy out of total budget as well as prevented it from buying energy enough for living. Consequently, our household economy faces risk associated with energy prices. There are established government policies such as unemployment insurance and various subsidy plans to help households in poverty. However there are no public measures that alleviate their financial difficulty when a low income household is squeezed by high energy prices. The purpose of this study is to see how high energy prices influence Korean households and how seriously they cause risk to household economy. We develop a risk measure by employing variance of ratios of energy expenditure to current income. Then we use the risk measure to see how differently high energy prices generate risk across expenditure segments during energy prices hike. Also we use it to shed a light on how diverse income brackets are exposed to risk. We find energy experienced an increase in risk faster than other expenditures. Also we notice that a low income household faced the same result compared to upper income households. Base on these findings, we recommend additional energy subsidy be provided to a low income family automatically if energy price index rises above a certain level. The measure will mitigate energy risk the society faces.

Differential Effects of Negative Publicity on Beef Consumption according to Household Characteristics

Hyungho Youn,Byung In Lim,Hyun Joung Jin 한국유통학회 2012 한국유통학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.6

Analysis of Participation by Female Seniors in the Korean Job Creation Program for the Elderly

Hyungho Youn,Jin Su Hwang 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2010 Asian Women Vol.26 No.1

The high aging rate in Korea is unprecedented in the history of the nation. However, the public system for supporting old people financially is insufficient. As a way of coping with rapid aging, the government of Korea launched a job creation program for the elderly in 2004. Five years after its inception, it has now taken the position as a full-scale public labor project. The previous researches on the program were mainly concerned with two issues from gender-neutral perspective, building a system of the program and evaluating its performance. Their findings are also limited as they used the surveys of small sample size collected at a particular time and location, and their methodology relied mainly on subjective opinions by the program participants. The present research is based on more reliable and comprehensive data for empirical analysis and investigates socio-economic conditions of the participants, their participation motives, work types, and also their participation frequency a from gender perspective. Female participants were less educated, economically weak, and lived alone. Because of their disadvantaged socio-economic status, they were more likely to choose public service over education in work type. Also, they tended to participate repeatedly in the program to earn income rather than for self-development or social participation. Considering the behavior of female participants, we would suggest that the program be redesigned to fortify income function so that females who have participated for longer periods can be benefited with higher wages and extended work days.

Differential Effects of Negative Publicity on Beef Consumption according to Household Characteristics in South Korea

Hyungho Youn,Byung-In Lim,Hyun-Jung Jin 한국재정학회 2012 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.춘계

This paper examines how South Korean households responded to an unprecedented boycott campaign against US beef from spring through summer of 2008, and investigates differential responses in relation to households' characteristics. It was found that beef consumption reduced by 4.8% immediately after the so-called candle-light demonstration. Instead, pork and chicken consumption increased by 17.2% and 16.6%, respectively. This confirms a substitution effect due to the negative publicity concerning US beef. It also was found that the negative publicity effect was transitory and the reactions of consumers were not uniform; they differed depending on their socio-economic characteristics. The econometric model revealed that younger, less-educated, and/or lower-income households were more susceptible to the negative publicity, and reduced their beef consumption more than other households.

The Effect of Price Upsurge on Energy Expenditure Ratio

Hyungho Youn,Byung-In Lim 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2009 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.3

The purpose of this study is to see how energy price upsurge in 2008 affects energy expenditure ratio by income group. We develop a theoretical model to show that the ratio moves inversely with income while together with price. From these theoretical results, we infer that a low income household falls into energy poverty if prices rise abruptly. In fact, we can observe such an event in Korea in 2008. Next, we test the theoretical results by building an empirical model. The empirical results coincide with theoretical ones.

Output Diffusion of the Monopolist over Time and Space

Hyungho Youn,Patrick De Leenheer,Victor Tremblay 한국재정학회 2015 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.3

In this paper, we develop an output diffusion model in which a monopoly firm faces a cost of adjusting output over time and across geographic regions. First, we investigate a dynamic monopoly model and a simple spatial model with only regional adjustment costs. Then, we explore how the firm maximizes profits over time and space, a problem of calculus of variation. The Euler equation yields a partial differential equation, the output diffusion model. It extends the traditional inter-temporal output path into output diffusion over time and space. As long as regional adjustment costs exist, steady-state output in the diffusion model is less than the static monopoly output level. This model suggests that a policy designed to lower regional adjustment costs can increase supply in all geographic regions.

서울시의 권역 간 소득격차와 소득불평등 추이 분석(2001~2009년)

윤형호(Hyungho Youn),임병인(Byong-In Lim) 서울연구원 2012 서울도시연구 Vol.13 No.2

의로서비스특성을 감안한 고령자가구의 의료비지출 분석

윤형호(Hyungho Youn),임병인(Byung In Lim) 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2009 재정학연구 Vol.2 No.4

Our study, which is different from previous studies in terms of the estimation approach, applies the stochastic frontier model and the quantile regression method to KReIS(Korean Retirement and Income Study), estimates factors to determine medical expenses of the old-aged families and analyze them Empirical results are as follows first, an income coefficient of the old-aged families on medical expenses in two models are less than that in the linear regression estimation of previous studies, implying that old-aged people cannot help expending the medical expenses regardless of their income level. It suggests a policy implication, as it were, the government needs to introduce a plan for giving the old more benefits in the present medical system. Second, we found that variables of individual characteristics has not a statistically significant impact on the medical expenses from the stochastic frontier model with the half-normal distribution. It conforms to assertions of previous theories, which claimed that a doctor, a supplier of the medical service, is rather likely to decide medical expenses of the consumers from the information asymmetry in the medical service. Our empirical conclusions, different from previous studies' findings, give us stronger grounds for the government to intervene in the medical servive market for the old-aged families. 본 연구는 기존 연구들이 수행한 선형회귀분석과 다르게 개인의 이질성을 반영할 수 있는 확률변경모형과 분위수 회귀추정방법에 2006년 『국민노후보장패널』 자료를 적용하여 고령자 가구의 의료비 지출 결정요인을 추정하고 분석하였다. 추정결과, 첫째 의료비지추에 대한 소득의 영향이 선형회귀식보다 현저하게 작아 개인들이 소득수준과 무관하게 의료비를 불가피하게 지출하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 결과에서 의료비지출이 상당한 부담으로 작용하는 고령자가구에 대한 적절한 혜택을 부여하는 제도 도입이 필요하다는 정책적인 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 둘째, 반정규분포 확률변경모형으로부터 개인특성에 관한 변수가 의료비지출에 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 발견하였다. 이는 의료서비스의 비대칭성 때문에 공급자인 의사가 의료비 지출을 결정한다는 기존의 주장과 일치한다. 이와 같이 선행연구 결과들과 배치되는 결론을 도출함으로써 이전 연구보다 더 강력하게 정부가 의료서비스 시장에 개입해야 한다는 실증적인 근거를 제공해주고 있다.

서울시 일자리창출 사업의 효율화를 위한 통합관리 방안

윤형호(Hyungho Youn),송용택(Yongtaek Song) 서울연구원 2010 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-