Lucy and Three Vampire Women as the Proactive New Women Represented in Bram Stoker's Dracula

Hyunok Kim 한국영미어문학회 2013 영미어문학 Vol.- No.106

This study addresses how the middle class woman's adaptation from traditional to modem gender roles affects how they are treated. In Dracula Bram stoker shows his own opinion that how the female character, Lucy, adapts to the role of the New Woman determines the way in which they are treated in the social environment in the novel. This study also examines the three other women in the novel, Dracula's wives, who are often seen by critics as examples of the sexual predator "New Woman," but who are really victims of the patriarchal system. Through the novel Dracula, Bram Stoker offers ample opportunity in which the readers can think discourse in the Victorian society relative to the issues of the New Woman, gender roles, and ethnic purity caused by immigration. Through Dracula, he also explores the essence of fear of the Victorian period about women's changing roles and independence to be able to endanger men's perceived roles as protector and provider.

Gentlemen`s Fear of Degeneration Represented in Bram Stoker`s Dracula

( Hyun Ok Kim ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.3

This study explores gentlemen``s fear of degeneration in the Victorian society in the late nineteenth century, which the New Woman appears. It examines the attitudes of gentlemen, who embrace the new century``s progressive ideas replacing the old suppressive Victorian traditions in the nineteenth century. As a symbol of late Victorian anxieties concerning the stability of the Empire, Dracula may be identified as a foreign threat intending to destabilize the British world order. He inverts the Victorian gender code, as the former passive woman becomes an active agent, voluptuous and sexually demanding, whereas the male becomes sexually attracted by those women thus turning into a passive agent waiting to be seduced. As such, Dracula well shows the anxiety that the future of British civilization may be endangered and also reflects gentlemen``s coping with the crisis.

A Survey on High-school Girls' Knowledge and Management of Acne

Hyun-Ok Kim,Kyung-Jin Choi,Sang Sook Han 한국간호과학회 2007 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11

A Prospect of the Reactive New Men Represented in Bram Stoker`s Dracula

( Hyun Ok Kim ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2013 현대영미소설 Vol.20 No.3

This study explores a prospect of the new positions in the Victorian society in the late nineteenth century, which the New Man and the New Woman fulfill. It examines the characters of Jonathan and Mina Harker, who were willing to embrace the new century`s progressive ideas and form a New Family order replacing the old suppressive Victorian traditions in the nineteenth century. It also addresses the similarity and difference between Dracula and Van Helsing contrasted as two sides of the same coin. In relation to gender roles, this study explores Jonathan`s and Mina`s attributes which cross over from their specifically traditional gender roles. Finally, it looks into Jonathan`s anxiety and desire for sexually aggressive women, and his awareness of Dracula`s sexual claims on him which seem to be at the foundation of the Victorian`s anxiety about degeneration.

Poster Session : PS 0668 ; Rheumatology ; New Grading Methods of Gout Tophi on Plain Radiography

( Hyun Ok Kim ),( Sang Il Lee ),( Young Sun Suh ),( Ji Min Kim ),( Sang Hyon Kim ),( Won Suk Lee ),( Yun Hong Cheon ),( Wan Hee Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Chronic gout is characterized by the presence of tophi, chronic granulomatous synovitis and bone erosion. Plain radiography remains the most widely used imaging modality in the clinical practice. In our knowledge, however, there have been no reported grading methods for gout tophi by plain radiography. Methods: 334 gout patients and had plain radiography of both 1st MTPJs included retrospectively. Gout tophi were defi ned as increased densities which are distinct from adjacent soft tissues. They were graded by measuring maximum diameters vertically and horizontally, and scored by adding up the scores of grades. The vertical diameter of tophi was measured at both sides of proximal phalanges (PPs). The horizontal diameter was measured at lateral side of PP. The measurement of maximum vertical diameter of tophi were graded as follows : grade 0, no tophi; grade 1, the presence of tophi is suspicious; grade 2, less than half of maximum vertical diameter of PP; grade 3, half or more of and less than the maximum vertical diameter of PP; grade 4, more than the maximum vertical diameter of PP. The maximum horizontal diameter of tophi was measured including the adjacent swollen soft tissues, and graded as follows: grade 0, no tophi; grade 1, less than half of maximum horizontal diameter of PP; grade 2, half or more of and less than the maximum horizontal diameter of PP; grade 3, more than the maximum horizontal diameter of PP (figure 1). Results: Points by new grading methods differed signifi cantly between the patient group having 6 mg/dL or more and the patient group having less than 6 mg/dL of serum urate level after treatment (p = 0.05). Conclusions: New grading methods of gout tophi by plain radiography is useful for evaluating changes of gout tophi after treatment.

Action mechanism of anti-wrinkle effect of Rhamnus yoshinoi methanol extract in human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines

Hyun Ok Kim,Kyoung Ran Shin,Byeong-Churl Jang,Young Chul Kim 한국독성학회 2020 Toxicological Research Vol.36 No.1

Rhamnus yoshinoi is a deciduous broad-leaf bush and endemic species widely found in Korea. Recently, we reported that R. yoshinoi methanol extract (RYME) had excellent antioxidant activity and inhibition of collagenase and elastase activity in cell-free system. In this study, we investigated the ability of RYME to control the mRNA and protein expression levels of the known skin wrinkle-related factors in cultured human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Treatment with 100 or 200 μg/mL RYME strongly blocked the UVB-induced downregulation of type 1 collagen mRNA expression (p < 0.001) and partially blocked the UVB-induced upregulation of MMP-3 mRNA expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). Treatment with RYME at 100 μg/mL considerably decreased MMP-1 mRNA expression in UVB-exposed HaCaT cells (p < 0.01). In HaCaT cells, RYME exhibited the potential to improve UV light-induced skin wrinkles. Moreover, RYME selectively inhibited the UVB-induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation in CCD-986sk human dermal fibroblasts at 80 and 160 μg/mL. UV-induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of the generation of UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is likely that the anti-skin wrinkling effect of RYME could be attributable to selective inhibition of UV induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation.

Anxieties Represented in Bram Stoker’s Dracula Relative to Victorian Society

Hyunok Kim 21세기영어영문학회 2013 21세기영어영문학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.03

Antioxidant Activity and Effect of Tradescantia palida Methanol Extract on Viability of UVA-irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Hyun Ok Kim,Young Chul Kim 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2021 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.40 No.1

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tradescantia palida methanol extract (TPME) and its effect on viability of UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of TPME were 418.4 tannic acid equivalent (TAE) mg/g, and 247.1 rutin equivalent (RE) mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating abilities of TPME and ascorbic acid (AA) at 1,000 μg/mL were 66.8% and 97.5%, respectively. The 50% scavenging concentration of free radicals (SC50) from TPME and AA were 660.8 μg/mL and <125 μg/mL, respectively. The maximum permissible concentration of TPME in treating HDFs was 50 μg/mL. Treatment of 10, 15, and 20 mJ/cm² UVA-irradiated HDFs with 50 μg/mL TPME increased cellular viability by 5.40% (p<0.01), 15.0% (p<0.001), and 20.8% (p<0.001), respectively. Treatment with 50 μg/mL AA increased cellular viability by 11.5% (p<0.001), 20.6% (p<0.001), and 15.4% (p<0.001) in 10, 15, and 20 mJ/cm² UVA-irradiated HDFs, respectively. These results indicate that TPME contains abundant antioxidants, which confer TPME with a high degree of antioxidant activity. Thus, TPME is a natural antioxidant that can protect HDFs against UVA-irradiation.

Mina as a New Type of New Woman Represented in Bram Stoker's Dracula

Hyunok Kim 한국영미어문학회 2014 영미어문학 Vol.- No.112

The purpose of this study is to examine the characterization of a new type of New Woman like Mina which appears in Bram stoker's novel, Dracula This study specifically focuses on how the ideal of Victorian womanhood is juxtaposed to the attributed horrors of the New Woman in Dracula. It therefore argues that Mina is Stoker's compromise, a woman who honors Victorian traditional ideas while adopting certain modem characteristics, making her a new ideal. In Dracula, Mina keeps two mental images. The first image is Mina as a mother. She not only manages to survive and overcome the vampiric sickness, but she also completes the Victorian ideal by becoming a mother. Motherhood is one of the most revered characteristics of the Victorian ideal of womanhood. Mina has the characteristics of older Victorian ideals and modem sensibilities. The second image is Mina as an example of the weaker sex that needs to be saved and protected by men. Stoker creates Mina's images as a new type of New Woman to make a bridge between the old and new values.

Selective Depletion of SSEA-3- and TRA-1-60-Positive Undifferentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorter (MACS)

( Hyun Ok Kim ),( Yong Joon Huh ),( Jiho Jang ),( Youjung Choi ),( Dong Wook Kim ),( Han Soo Kim ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.2

The capacity of indefinite self-renewal and pluripotency make human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) an attractive source for potential regenerative medicine. However, teratoma formation is one of the major obstacles for implementing hESC-based therapeutics in a clinical setting. While this tumorigenic capacity is known to be lost upon lineage differentiation in vitro, there is a potential risk that any residual undifferentiated hESCs or progenitor cells may form tumors upon transplantation. To ensure the safety of hESCs in clinical application, we thus explored the magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS) as a tool for separating undifferentiated hESCs from a mixed population of hESCs and human blood mononuclear cells. Labeled with single or combinations of two fluorsecein-labeled monoclonal antibodies (SSEA-3 and TRA-1-60) and subsequently stained with anti-FITC and/or anti-PE magnetic microbeads, cells were subjected to MACS separation. While a reduction of hESCs by depletion with a single marker was observed, there was still a significant fraction of residual hESCs in the flow-through fraction. However, two consecutive MACS separations upon simultaneous staining of two different hESC markers, SSEA-3 and TRA-1-60, completely depleted hESCs, as validated by flow cytometer, real-time PCR and immunofluoresence microscopic analyses. The maximum efficacy of hESC removal using this protocol was higher than 99.9%. No teratoma formation was observed in hESC-depleted cell injection to NOD/SCID mice. These results indicate that the current MACS protocol with two antibodies can efficiently eliminate undifferentiated cells from differentiated cells and greatly alleviate concerns about tumor formation by hESC-derived cellular therapeutics.