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Hyoeun Oh,Soon-Il An,Jongsoo Shin,Sang-Wook Yeh,Seung-Ki Min,Seok-Woo Son,Jong-Seong Kug 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Most climate models projected changes in the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon (NHLM) precipitation to increase under transient warming scenarios. However, the regional hydrological responses to varying CO₂ pathways are variant from each other and there is a lack of understanding of what happens after the removal of CO₂. Here we show the distinguished hysteresis responses of the NHLM mean precipitations to the ramp-up (RUP) and ramp-down (RDN) pathway of CO₂ concentrations using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with 28 ensemble members and propose the controlling mechanisms. Ensemble mean shows an asymmetry in the eastern-western hemispheric monsoon response. While the Indian and North Africa monsoon have a hysteresis of the mean precipitation changes, featured by a difference between increasing and decreasing rates in the RUP and RDN pathways, the North American monsoon does not have it. The hysteresis is attributed to the longitudinally contrasting changes of the Intertropical Convergence Zone position, caused by the inter-hemispheric thermal contrast for the Asian-African ITCZ and the Pacific Ocean for the Eastern Pacific ITCZ. It is also shown that extreme precipitation does not show hysteresis due to its close association with temperature. This result provides new insights into climate hysteresis from both regional and global perspectives.
Dual-specificity protein phosphatases Cdc25 are required to maintain meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes
Hyoeun Kang,Seok Chul Hwang,Jeong Su Oh 한국발생생물학회 2013 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2013 No.8
In oocytes from different species, MPF, a complex of Cdk1 and cyclin B, is the master regulator of cell cycle. The activity of MPF is regulated by the phosphorylations mediated by Wee1B kinase and Cdc25B phosphatase. Although a regulation of MPF activity by these inhibitory phosphorylations are well established, a dogma in the cell cycle is that MPF activity is regulated by the dynamics of cyclin B during the metaphase II (MII) arrest (also known as CSF arrest). However, growing evidences suggest that Wee1B-mediated Cdk1 phosphorylation is also critical to trigger the progression of cell cycle during the onset of anaphase. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of Cdc25B phosphatase during MII arrest. Cdc25B is present in MII arrested oocytes as a hyperphosphorylated form and disruption of its function either by antibody or siRNA injection induces the progression of cell cycle to interphase. Moreover, the hyperphosphorylated form, which has been known as an active form of Cdc25B, is dephosphorylated during the anaphase onset. Interestingly, this dephosphrylation occurred ahead of cyclin B degradation. Conversely, overexpression of Cdc25B prevents metaphase to anaphase transition induced by calcium stimulation. Therefore, our findings provide novel paradigm in cell cycle that MPF activity during metaphase arrest is regulated by the balance between Cdk1 inhibitory kinases, Wee1, and the counteracting phosphatases, Cdc25. When cells exit from metaphase, Cdc25 is inactivated and Wee1 is reactivated and thereby Cdk1 kinase activity is rapidly and transiently decreased. This initial decrease of Cdk1 activity is further promoted by the proteolytic degradation of cyclin B, which ensures irreversible progression of cell cycle to interphase. Thus, the concerted effort of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Cdk1 and synthesis/degradation of cyclin B play roles in fine-tuning the activity of Cdk1 during metaphase to anaphase transition.
Shim, Hyoeun,Oh, Jae-Il,Park, Sang Hyuk,Jang, Seongsoo,Park, Chan-Jeoung,Huh, Jooryung,Suh, Cheolwon,Chi, Hyun-Sook BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2013 Journal of clinical pathology Vol.66 No.5
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Bone marrow involvement confers a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the prognostic significance of concordant and discordant bone marrow involvement in these cases differs. We analysed this further in patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) at a single institute.</P><P><B>Design and Methods</B></P><P>The cytomorphology of bone marrow involvement was evaluated in 632 patients who were diagnosed with DLBCL in primary tissues and had received R-CHOP therapy. Bone marrow trephine biopsies and clot sections were analysed, along with the immunohistochemical analysis of CD20, CD79a and CD3.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Bone marrow involvement was identified in 80 of our DLBCL patient subjects (12.7%). Of these, 32 (40%) showed discordant bone marrow involvement, and 48 (60%) showed concordant involvement. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that progression-free survival and overall survival was poorer in the concordant group (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for the International Prognostic Index score, showed that concordant involvement was an independent predictor of progression-free survival (p<0.001) and overall survival (p=0.011). Discordant involvement was not a negative prognostic factor independent of the International Prognostic Index.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Prognostication based on bone marrow involvement cytomorphology is a useful indicator of progression-free survival and overall survival, independent of the International Prognostic Index score, in DLBCL patients. Accurate staging based on morphology should thus be included in bone marrow examinations of such cases.</P>