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유혜선 ( Hyesun Yoo ) 이중언어학회 2019 이중언어학 Vol.75 No.-
This Study is about Korean conditional connective endings. Conditional relations are semantic relations that appear in all languages, and there are grammatical means of expressing them. The Korean connective endings have a very complex function of expressing the feelings such as the wishes, hopes and suspicions of the speaker when looking at the functions and events of connecting events. However, the grammatical form of expressing it varies from language to language, and the Korean language has conditional connective endings that show detailed meaning differences, making it difficult for learners to fully understand and use the meaning of the conjunctive. This study aims to summarize the semantic relations and the characteristics of individual connective endings based on the existing discussion on conditional connective endings. In addition, I want to extract the connective endings in Korean textbooks and analyze the order of presentation. Finally, I will arrange connective endings based on semantic marked. This Study will summarize these discussions and conclude with suggestions for Korean connection endings education. (Kyunghee University)
Yoo, Seong-Keun,Lee, Seungbok,Kim, Su-jin,Jee, Hyeon-Gun,Kim, Byoung-Ae,Cho, Hyesun,Song, Young Shin,Cho, Sun Wook,Won, Jae-Kyung,Shin, Jong-Yeon,Park, Do Joon,Kim, Jong-Il,Lee, Kyu Eun,Park, Young Jo Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS genetics Vol.12 No.8
<▼1><P>Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and benign follicular adenoma (FA) are indistinguishable by preoperative diagnosis due to their similar histological features. Here we report the first RNA sequencing study of these tumors, with data for 30 minimally invasive FTCs (miFTCs) and 25 FAs. We also compared 77 classical papillary thyroid carcinomas (cPTCs) and 48 follicular variant of PTCs (FVPTCs) to observe the differences in their molecular properties. Mutations in <I>H/K/NRAS</I>, <I>DICER1</I>, <I>EIF1AX</I>, <I>IDH1</I>, <I>PTEN</I>, <I>SOS1</I>, and <I>SPOP</I> were identified in miFTC or FA. We identified a low frequency of fusion genes in miFTC (only one, <I>PAX8–PPARG</I>), but a high frequency of that in PTC (17.60%). The frequencies of <I>BRAF</I><SUP>V600E</SUP> and <I>H/K/NRAS</I> mutations were substantially different in miFTC and cPTC, and those of FVPTC were intermediate between miFTC and cPTC. Gene expression analysis demonstrated three molecular subtypes regardless of their histological features, including Non–<I>BRAF</I>–Non–<I>RAS</I> (NBNR), as well as <I>BRAF</I>–like and <I>RAS</I>–like. The novel molecular subtype, NBNR, was associated with <I>DICER1</I>, <I>EIF1AX</I>, <I>IDH1</I>, <I>PTEN</I>, <I>SOS1</I>, <I>SPOP</I>, and <I>PAX8–PPARG</I>. The transcriptome of miFTC or encapsulated FVPTC was indistinguishable from that of FA, providing a molecular explanation for the similarly indolent behavior of these tumors. We identified upregulation of genes that are related to mitochondrial biogenesis including <I>ESRRA</I> and <I>PPARGC1A</I> in oncocytic follicular thyroid neoplasm. Arm-level copy number variations were correlated to histological and molecular characteristics. These results expanded the current molecular understanding of thyroid cancer and may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the disease.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas proposed an improved classification of the subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) based on gene expression profiles, which better represents cell signaling and differentiation. However, a molecular characterization of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), which has a greater tendency for hematogenous spread to lung and bone is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we describe the first RNA sequencing data of minimally invasive FTC (miFTC) and benign follicular adenoma (FA), which cause diagnostic difficulties due to their similar histological features. Additionally, classical PTC and follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) were sequenced to compare their transcriptional and mutational landscape. <I>BRAF</I>, <I>H/K/NRAS</I>, fusion genes, and copy number variations were associated with tumor histology. Based on gene expression profiles, thyroid tumors were classified as three molecular subtypes regardless of histological subtypes, <I>BRAF</I>–like, <I>RAS</I>–like, and Non–<I>BRAF</I>–Non–<I>RAS</I>. In particular, we found identical gene expression profiles between miFTC, FA, and encapsulated FVPTC. Oncocytic follicular thyroid tumors have gene expression signatures related to mitochondrial biogenesis including <I>ESRRA</I> and <I>PPARGC1A</I>. These results expanded the current molecular understanding of thyroid cancer to its follicular types.</P></▼2>
Youngjae Yoo,Juhee Jung,Chanyoung Kang,Hyesun Kim,Soojin Jun 한국디자인학회 2024 디자인학연구 Vol.37 No.1
Background : The gender of commercialized voice agents has been designed and developed as female as the default, which can lead users to reinforce gender stereotypes. Since the gender stereotypes relate to gender role judgement, we aim to investigate whether voice agents induce gender stereotyping from users with empirical evidence. Methods : The online survey was conducted to discover the extent of gender role stereotyping by users based on the gender appropriateness of the user commands for voice agents with 110 female and 82 male participants. To this end, we developed a set of user commands whose topics were related to gender role stereotypes and asked participants whether they thought the presented user commands were more suitable for a male or female agent. Through an online survey, participants were asked to rate how much suggested user commands are appropriate to a male or female agent on a 7-point Likert scale. Results : The results showed that participants expected that a female agent would perform better when they requested female-trait-based user commands and the same applied to a male agent and male-trait-based user commands. Also, female participants had a more pronounced tendency to apply female-trait-based user commands to female agents than male participants did to male agents. Conclusions : Based on the results, we suggest some strategies for designing anthropomorphized AI agents to prevent gender bias or stereotyping. Some future works should consider empirical methods that voice agents can be designed to mitigate reinforcing gender stereotypes. The present and future study will provide a novel viewpoint in designing anthropomorphic voice agents to prevent gender stereotyping.
( Nayoung Kim ),( Hana Yoo ),( Hyesun Hyun ),( Dongyun Lee ),( Byungkoo Yoon ),( Dooseok Choi ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.5
This study assesses the efficacy and safety of a 24-day regimen of drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptive, and demonstrates that it is an effective and safe option for contraception, releasing symptom of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and acne in Korean women.