흉수부에 발생한 희돌기 교세포종(Oligodendroglioma) 1예 : 증례보고 Case Report

고현송,송시헌,김관태,김성호,김윤 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.5

Primary oligodendroglioma of the spinal cord is a very rare tumor. On searching through the literature from 1931. we could find only about 46 cases, and tumor is almost absent in Korea on the review of the literature. The authors present a case of 8-year-old female patient with the symptoms of paraparesis, urination difficulty. diffuse back pain and hypesthesia in both lower extremities. Spine MRI revealed the mass at the level of T(3)-T-(12), with combined nature of cystic and solid portion. Decompressive laminectomy and partial mass removal was performed, and then adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy was done. The patient was improved after operation with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. so he walks alone and has no voiding difficulty at present (postoperative about 20months),

일부 농촌지역 주민의 모발중 금속 농도 분포

고현송,심운택,조영채 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

In order to know the concentration of some metals in human hairs from residents living in rural area, the 88 hair samples were taken from Kunbuk-Myon residents during the period from August through October, 1990. The 4 elements(Pb, Cd, Mn, and Zn) in human hair were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotomer with flame and grapite furnace atomizer systems using wet ashing procedure. The results were as follows: 1. The mean concentrations of metals in human hair of the total 88 samples were: Pb was 3.14±1.63㎍/g, Cd was 0.81±0.71㎍/g, Mn was 4.02±3.86㎍/g, Zn was 199.11± 80.33㎍/g, and in the males: Pb was 3.51±1.54㎍/g, Cd was 0.84±0.63㎍/g, Mn was 3.95±4.78㎍/g, Zn was 215.88±76.76㎍/g, and in the females: Pb was 3.34±1.69㎍/g, Cd was 0.79±0.77㎍/g, Mn was 4.08±2.95㎍/g, Zn was 186.36±82.90㎍/g 2. There were no significant differences among 4 elements (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) by Age groups, by exposed to pesticides and by exposed years to pesticides. 3. In males, there were negative correlation between age and Cd level(r=-0.2860, P<0.05), between Cd and Zn(r=-0.3760, P<0.01), and significant positive correlations between Pb and Zn(r=0.2881, P<0.05). In females, there was significant positive correlations between Pb and Zn(r=0.3096, P<0.01).3 4. There were positive correlations between Pb and Cd(r=0.1835, P<0.05) and between Zn and Pb(r=0.3049, P<0.01), but there was negative correlation between Mn and Cd(r=-0.1817, P<0.05).

소아 중등도 두뇌손상환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송시헌,고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

The authors review the records of 88 pediatric head injured patients whose initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores ranged from 9 to 12 and who were treated at Chungnam National University Hospital over a recent 4-year period. These results are compared with reports from other centers and severely brain injured groups. The results were as follows : 1. The peak age group was between 6 and 8 years and were predominantly males (2.7 : 1 ratio). 2. The most common cause of head injury was as a pedestrian in a motor vehicle accident (72.7% ). 3. The number of patients with abnormalities on cranial computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonnance imaging (MRI) was 71 (80.7%) and the most common lesion was brain contusion (20/88). 4. The number of patients with intracranial hematoma was twenty-three (26%). 5. Twelve patients (13.6%) received cranial operation (four for hematoma removal and eight for repair and elevation of depressed fractures). 6. Eighty-three patients (94.3%) showed a good recovery, one patient (1.1%) died and four patients (4.5%) showed moderate or severe disability. 7. There was no relationship between age and intracranial lesions or GCS score and also there was no relationship between skull fracture and intracranial lesions or GCS score.

다발성 두개강내 동맥류에 대한 임상적 고찰

김윤,고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

The incidence of multiple intracranial aneurysms has been described to vary from 5-30%. The treatment of such patients offers a particular challenge for the neurosurgeon. We performed a retrospective review for 42 patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms, admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital between Jan. 1991 and Dec. 1994 at present. The results were as follows ; 1. Multiple intracranial aneurysms occured in about 20.2% of all patient with aneurysms. 2. The female to male ratio was about 1.8 : 1. 3. Common clinical features were headache and meningeal signs. 4. The most common Fischer's group was grade 3, according to brain CT findings. 5. Common location for multiple aneurysms were P-COMA, MCA and A-COM-A. 6. The Multiplicity of aneurysms were 33 cases(78.6%) in two aneurysms and 9 cases (21.4%) in three or more aneurysms. 7. Probability of aneurysm rupture according to site were P-COM-A, MCA, A-COM-A. in decreasing order. 8. Overall surgical results showed relatively excellent outcome.

동일부위에 재발한 요추간판탈출의 재수술적 경험

김관태,고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Ten patients, who had once lumbar disc surgery, underwent reoperation at the same level because of recurred disc herniation. Most symptoms and signs are the recurrence of pain, sensory and motor deficit, limitation of straight leg raising. All patients proved to have no psychological or compensation problems. The favorable results were presented in patients with snapping or lifting injury. No significant association was found, at any stage of the anlysis, between the outcome and symptom-free-interval after the first operation. The clinical results were affected predominently by the extracted disc amount and cause of injury. Microsurgery is advisable in reoperation because it can fasciltate the dissection between fibrous scar and nerve root.

전교통 동맥류에 대한 임상적 고찰

김윤,고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

The author operated 102 patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysm (AcomA) among total 249 patients of intracranial aneurysms, which had been operated from January 1990 to December 1994. To analyse the factors influencing the mortality involving in surgery of 135 patients with AcomA, a classification of AcomA was attempted. The origins and direction of aneurysms, anatomical variations were analysed with the aid of angiography, intraoperative findings and intraoperative photographs which permitted the establishment of a classification of AcomA with their direction. The classification of operated 102 cases of AcomA are seven types : 25 anterior (24.5%), 19 anterior-superior (18.6%), 18 anteriorinferior (17.6%), 13posterior (12.8), 10 posterior-superior (9.8%), 5 posterio-inferior (4.9%), inferior 12 (11.8%), respectively. Most of AcomA projecting anteriorly, anterio-superiorly were situated above or between the optic nerve , and the inferior aneurysms were in close proximity to hypothalamic branches of the anterior communicating artery and A2 segment. there was on overall operative mortality of 2.9%. The surgical morbidity and mortality were significantly higher in the posterior-inferior and inferior projecting group.

미만성 폐포출혈을 동반한 전신성 홍반성 루푸스 환자에서 Plasmapheresis를 이용한 치험

고재현 ( Jay Hyun Koh ),송서영 ( Seo Young Song ),이창근 ( Chang Keun Lee ),서기현 ( Gi Hyeon Seo ),안홍준 ( Hong Joon Ahn ),차훈석 ( Hoon Suk Cha ),김진석 ( Jin Seok Kim ),고은미 ( Eun Mi Koh ),송재훈 ( Jae Hoon Song ) 대한류마티스학회 1999 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (PAH) is a rare and often fatal presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and enters the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in patients with SLE. Reported mortality rates are extremely high, between 70 and 90 percents. Because death frequently occurs within the first several days of the hemorrhage, the diagnosis needs to be established promptly and treatment should be initiated immediately. Treatment of alveolar hemorrhage has included various combinations of corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, and plasmapheresis, but survival rates have been extremely low despite aggressive therapy. We experienced a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a 29 year-old SLE male patient. PAH was diagnosed by hemoptysis, anemia, infiltration on chest X-ray and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. After high dose intravenous steroid, cyclophosphamide intravenous therapy and plasmapheresis, the condition of patient was markedly improved. He was discharged and received monthly intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide. He has done well since, showing no further pulmonary hemorrhage with steroid tapering.

뇌동맥류 수술시 일시적 동맥 차단술이 예후에 미치는 영향에 대한 임상 분석

고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

The author analysed the postoperative results of 120 patients who underwent temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery from January, 1995 to December, 1997. We excluded multiple aneurysms in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyse and evaluate the safety and efficiency of temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery. The patients were divided into four groups according to the site of the temporary clip application. 1. The overall outcome was as follows : good-58.3%, fair-26.7%, poor-7.5%, dead-7.5%. These results were similar to those of the patients who did not recieve temporary clipping. Ischemic complication did not increase in the temporary clipping group. 2. In the patients with a high GCS(Glasgow coma scale) score the outcome was more favorable. 3. There was no relation between the number and frequency of temporary clipping with the outcome of the patients. 4. The safe durations of temporary clipping were as follows : 1) anterior cerebral artery clipping group, about eight minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅰ &Ⅱ patients and three minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ & Ⅳ patients ; 2) middle cerebral artery clipping group, about ten minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅰ & Ⅱ patients and three minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ & IⅣ patients ; 3) internal carotid artery clipping group, about six minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅰ & Ⅱ patients and three minutes for Hunt-Hess grade Ⅲ & Ⅳ patients ; 4) basilar artery clipping group showed favorable outcome in all three cases within ten minutes of temporary clipping. So we concluded that general safe time of temporary clipping is within ten minutes and five minutes in Hunt-Hess grade Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ, Ⅳ patients, respectively. The results of this analysis suggest that the temporary clipping would be a very useful method to dissect the aneurysmal neck safely and to prevent and control premature rupture of the cerebral aneurysm during surgery without influencing the outcome.

<i>Spirulina maxima</i> Extract Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairments via Inhibiting GSK-3β Phosphorylation Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β 1–42 in Mice

Koh, Eun-Jeong,Kim, Kui-Jin,Song, Ji-Hyeon,Choi, Jia,Lee, Hyeon Yong,Kang, Do-Hyung,Heo, Ho Jin,Lee, Boo-Yong MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.11

<P><I>Spirulina maxima</I>, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by <I>Spirulina maxima</I> ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanol extract of <I>Spirulina maxima</I> (SM70EE) ameliorated cognitive impairments induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB> in mice. SM70EE increased the step-through latency time in the passive avoidance test and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test in Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-injected mice. SM70EE reduced hippocampal Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB> levels and inhibited amyloid precursor protein processing-associated factors in Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-injected mice. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase activity was suppressed by SM70EE in Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-injected mice. Hippocampal glutathione levels were examined to determine the effects of SM70EE on oxidative stress in Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-injected mice. SM70EE increased the levels of glutathione and its associated factors that were reduced in Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-injected mice. SM70EE also promoted activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase signaling pathway and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation. These findings suggested that SM70EE ameliorated Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-induced cognitive impairments by inhibiting the increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β caused by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB> in mice.</P>

뇌실질내출혈 환자에서 유로키나제 세척술을 겸한 지속적 뇌실외 배액술의 효과에 대한 임상적 분석

고현송,송시헌,김성호,김관태,김윤 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.5

The mortality and morbidity of the intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) has been decreased since the introduction of external ventricular drainage(EVD) and direct intraventricular infusion of urokinase as an effective therapeutic method. In 1989, we already reported a series of 54 cases of IVH treated with simple EVD or EVD with urokinase irrigation in a few cases. Authors analyzed again a series of 50 cases of IVH treated by EVD with direct intraventricular urokinase irrigation after the previous report. The mortality rate was 55.5% in former occasion, however 18% in this study and the complications were considerably low. We experienced again that the EVD with urokinase irrigation is an effective method and convenient, simple technique in the management of IVH even though there is no ICP monitoring. So we prefer EVD with urokinase irrigation therapy in managing the IVH even if the patient in moribund state.