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Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide
Choi, E.Y.,Lee, S.S.,Hyeon, J.Y.,Choe, S.H.,Keum, B.R.,Lim, J.M.,Park, D.C.,Choi, I.S.,Cho, K.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11
This research analyzed the effect of ${\beta}$-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. ${\beta}$-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated by E. coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of ${\beta}$-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the ${\beta}$-glucan, and the inhibitory ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, ${\beta}$-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by the E. coli LPS. Overall, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by the E. coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by ${\beta}$-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, ${\beta}$-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.
이은직(Eun J . Lee),김도영(Doe Y . Kim),허갑범(Kap B . Huh),김현만(Hyeon M . Kim),임승길(Sung K . Lim),김경래(Kyung R . Kim),이현철(Hyun C . Lee),김덕회(Duk H . Kim) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.33 No.6
N/A Of 501 Korean diabetics admitted to Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, non-obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) comprised 319 cases (63.7%), obese NIDDM 100 cases (19.9%) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) 82 cases (16.4%). And in the IDDM group thus collected, juvenile-onset diabetes (JOD) comprised 17 cases (3.4%), youth-onset underweight diabetes (YOUD) 25 cases (5.0%) and maturity-onset underweight diabetes (MOUD) 40 eases (8.0%). The caloire intakes just before the onset of diabetes in YOUD and MOUD patients were found to be 63.1% and 60.9% and the intakes of protein 55.9% and 79.8% of the recommended dietary allowance, respectively. Among JOD, YOUD and MOUD, there were no significant differences in body weight, and fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels at the time of admission. The basal and peak serum C-peptide levels in YOUD (1.03±0.61ng/ml, 1.59±1.23ng/ml) were slightly higher than those in JOD (0.64±0.30ng/ml, 1.05±0.54ng/ml), but significantly lower than those in MOUD (1.61±0.73ng/ml, 2.65±1.30ng/ml). Between JOD and YOUD, there was no significant difference in family histories (23.5%, 24.0%) or clinical features. However, MOUD turned out to have significantly lower family history (2.5%), no history of diabetic ketoacidosis and more pulmonary tuberculosis than the former 2 groups. Of 29 young diabetics (JOD and YOUD) who were followed-up at OPD, 14 cases (5 JOD and 9 YOUD) were ketosis-resistant. These data suggest that, in Korea which is located in temperate zone, malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) can be mainly classified into 2 groups: The youth-onset one had the characteristics of IDDM with the history of undernutrition and ketosis-resistance, and the maturity-onset one may belong to NIDDM with the higher susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Conceptual design of cooling anchor for current lead on HTS field coils
Hyeon, C.J.,Kim, J.H.,Quach, H.L.,Chae, S.H.,Yoon, Y.S.,Lee, J.,Han, S.H.,Jeon, H.,Choi, Y.H.,Lee, H.G.,Kim, H.M. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2017 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.19 No.2
The role of current lead in high-temperature superconducting synchronous machine (HTSSM) is to function as a power supply by connecting the power supply unit at room temperature with the HTS field coils at cryogenic temperature. Such physical and electrical connection causes conduction and Joule-heating losses, which are major thermal losses of HTSSM rotors. To ensure definite stability and economic feasibility of HTS field coils, quickly and smoothly cooling down the current lead is a key design technology. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a novel concept of a cooling anchor to enhance the cooling performance of a metal current lead. The technical concept of this technology is the simultaneously chilling and supporting the current lead. First, the structure of the current lead and cooling anchor were conceptually designed for field coils for a 1.5 MW-class HTSSM. Then, the effect of this installation on the thermal characteristics of HTS coils was investigated by 3D finite element analysis.
김현식(Hyeon-Sik Kim),정진우(Jin-Woo Jeong) 한국HCI학회 2020 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.2
이미지 검색 엔진을 활용하는 사용자의 문화적 배경은 이미지 검색의 결과의 만족도에 많은 영향을 미친다. 보다 정확하고 만족스러운 이미지 검색을 위해서 이미지의 문화적 특징을 효과적으로 분석하고 이해하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 Flick 에서 Downtown, Park, Palace, Food 의 4 가지 카테고리에 해당하는 이미지 데이터를 무작위 수집하여 총 29,264 장의 이미지로 구성되는 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 이렇게 수집된 이미지들의 문화적 특징을 학습하기 위하여 ImageNet 을 통해 사전 학습된 VGG19 모델을 사용해 전이 학습을 진행하였다. 마지막으로, 카테고리별 문화 특징 분류에 대한 실험을 통하여 최대 64.49% 정확도로 문화적 특성을 분류할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Dynamic Ca2+-Dependent Stimulation of Vesicle Fusion by Membrane-Anchored Synaptotagmin 1
Lee, H. K.,Yang, Y.,Su, Z.,Hyeon, C.,Lee, T. S.,Lee, H. W.,Kweon, D. H.,Shin, Y. K.,Yoon, T. Y. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2010 Science Vol.328 No.5979
<P>In neurons, synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) is thought to mediate the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane when presynaptic Ca2+ levels rise. However, in vitro reconstitution experiments have failed to recapitulate key characteristics of Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion. Using an in vitro single-vesicle fusion assay, we found that membrane-anchored Syt1 enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity and fusion speed. This stimulatory activity of membrane-anchored Syt1 dropped as the Ca2+ level rose beyond physiological levels. Thus, Syt1 requires the membrane anchor to stimulate vesicle fusion at physiological Ca2+ levels and may function as a dynamic presynaptic Ca2+ sensor to control the probability of neurotransmitter release.</P>
Stem-piped light activates phytochrome B to trigger light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Lee, H.-J.,Ha, J.-H.,Kim, S.-G.,Choi, H.-K.,Kim, Z. H.,Han, Y.-J.,Kim, J.-I.,Oh, Y.,Fragoso, V.,Shin, K.,Hyeon, T.,Choi, H.-G.,Oh, K.-H.,Baldwin, I. T.,Park, C.-M. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science signaling Vol.9 No.452
<P>The roles of photoreceptors and their associated signaling mechanisms have been extensively studied in plant photomorphogenesis with a major focus on the photoresponses of the shoot system. Accumulating evidence indicates that light also influences root growth and development through the light-induced release of signaling molecules that travel from the shoot to the root. We explored whether aboveground light directly influences the root system of Arabidopsis thaliana. Light was efficiently conducted through the stems to the roots, where photoactivated phytochrome B (phyB) triggered expression of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and accumulation of HY5 protein, a transcription factor that promotes root growth in response to light. Stimulation of HY5 in response to illumination of only the shoot was reduced when root tissues carried a loss-of-function mutation in PHYB, and HY5 mutant roots exhibited alterations in root growth and gravitropism in response to shoot illumination. These findings demonstrate that the underground roots directly sense stem-piped light to monitor the aboveground light environment during plant environmental adaptation.</P>