Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Adriamycin이 랫트 신장조직의 Alkaline Phosphatase, Adenosine Triphosphtase와 Acid Phosphatase 활성에 미치는 영향에 관한 조직화학적 연구

배기원,양영철,하미혜 인제대학교 1987 仁濟醫學 Vol.8 No.2

Anthracycline계 항암항생제인 adriamycin투여에 따른 랫트 신장 독성을 투여 시간 경과에 따라, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase와 acid phosphatase의 활성 변화로 관찰하였다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of adriamycin on renal alkaline phosphatase, adenosin triphosphatase and acid phosphatase in rat. The experimental animals were administered with single dose of adriamycin, Img/kg, by the intravenous injection. The following result were obtained 1.The alkaline phosphatase activity appeared to be moderately decreased in the proximal convoluted tubules at the 8 hours. This decrease maintained by the second day and recovered to the normal state at the fourth day. 2.The adenosine triphosphatase activity appeared to be moderately increased in the proximal convoluted tubules at the 12 hours This increase maintained by the eighth day. 3.The acid phosphatase activity is moderately increased in the proximal convoluted tubules at the 4 hours. This in crease maintained by the 18 hours and recovered to the normal state at the first day.

Lipopolysaccharide, Dexamethasone 및 23,24-Dihydrocucurbitacin D가 마우스 뇌조직의 프리라디칼 발생과 제거에 미치는 영향

한기정,강종권,윤혜영,백광진,이희성,권년수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2001 中央醫大誌 Vol.26 No.4

Cytarabine이 마우스 간장의 Alkaline Phosphatase와 Adenosine Triphosphatase 활성 세포의 조직화학적 분포에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

배기원,양영철,하미혜 인제대학교 1988 仁濟醫學 Vol.9 No.3

미정맥으로 투여된 Cytarabine은 마우스 간장의 효소 분포 양식에 영향을 미쳐 투여 4시간군부터 alkaline phosphatase의 활성이 문맥관 주변부와 중간대 간세포에서 감소되기 시작되어 투여 8시간군에서는 현저히 저하되었고 adenosine triphosphatase 활성은 이때부터 중심정맥 주변부와 중간대 간세포에서 증가되었으며, alkaline phosphatase의 활성 감소는 투여 24시간군까지 지속되었으나 adenosine triphosphatase의 활성 증가는 24시간군에서 정강으로 회복되었다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of cytarabine on the distribution pattern of the hepatic alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in mouse. The experimental animals were administered with single dose of cytarabine, 1.6 mg/kg, by the intravenous injection. The following results were obtained. 1.In the normal hepatic lobule of mouse, the alkaline phosphatase activity was concentrated particularly in the portal canal and the midzonal area. And the adenosine triphosphatase appeared to the mild activity in the overall area. 2.The activity of alkaline phosphatase began to be slightly decreased from the 4 hours and appeared to be markedly decreased at the 8 hours in the portal canal and midzonal area. And the activity of adenosine triphosphatase began to be markedly increased from the 8 hours and recovered to the normal state at the 24 hours in the central area and midzonal area.

발생기 랫트의 췌장 내분비세포 소기관의 미세구조적 관찰

배기원,양영철,하미혜 인제대학교 1990 仁濟醫學 Vol.11 No.1

발생기 랫트 췌장의 내분비세포 중 B세포의 Golgi apparatus는 태생 18일(분비과립생성 시기)을 전후하여 그 미세구조가 변화하였는데, "rigid lamellae"는 태생 16일과 18일에 뚜렷하게 발달되어 있었으며 태생 16일에는 RER과 Golgi stacks의 tracts cisternae가 매우 근접하여 존재하였으나, 그 이후에는 그러한 관계가 나타나는 빈도가 매우 감소하였다. The Golgi apparatus of pancreatic B cell of rat embryo was studied during development from day 14 through day 20 of gestation. The morphological patters varied characteristically, first early, and second late in the production of secretory granules. 1.Day 16 of gestation was characterized by the pronounced system of the transmost "rigid lamellae" which were detached from the trans face of the Golgi stacks ; by contrast, in the terminal period of gestation, the "rigid lamellae" were sparse. 2.Day 16 of gestation was characterzied by the tight association of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the trans face of Golgi stacks ; the close spatial relationship of two compartments was lessened after day 18 of gestation. Our results showed that the morphological patterns of the Golgi stacks of the developing pancreatic B cells varied in the course of embryonic cell differentiation. The variable morphological patterns of the Golgi stacks might be related to differences of the main functional tasks of the Golgi apparatus in different developmental stages.

당귀 추출물이 생쥐 유래 대식세포의 일산화질소 생산에 미치는 영향

조성기,하미혜,정영란,이성태,변명우 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1999 생명자원과 산업 Vol.3 No.-

1. 당귀 물추출물 단독으로는 NO생성을 유도하지 못하였다. 2. 당귀 물추출물은 LPS 단독 또는 LPS와 IFN-γ에 의해 유도되는 NO생성을 증가시키지는 못하였다. 3. IFN-γ와 당귀 물추출물을 같이 처리하였을 경우 농도 의존적으로 NO생성을 유도하였다. 4. IFN-γ와 당귀 물추출물로 유도된 NO생성은 NOS 억제제인 ??에 의해 억제되었다. 5. 복강 대식 세포에서도 동일하게 IFN-γ와 당귀 물추출물의 NO생성에 대한 상승효과가 나타났다. In this study, the objective was to determene the effect of Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract on the production of nitric oxide(NO). Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. However the stimulation of mouse macrophage cell line(RAW264.7) with Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract after the treatment of murine interferon-γ(mIFN-γ) resulted in increased NO synthesis. When Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract was used in combination with mIFN-γ, there was a marked co-operative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The same results were obtained in the mouse peritoneal macrophages used. The optimal concentration of Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract on NO synthesis was shown 100㎍/mL with 100U/mL of mIFN-γ. NO synthesis was inhibited by ??-monomethyl-L-arginine. Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract was endotoxin free. Theses results suggest that Angelica gigantis Radix-water extract can induces NO synthesis of mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and peritoneal macrophages in combination with mIFN-γ

Lipopolysaccharide, Dexamethasone, 및 N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester가 흰쥐 간 조직의 프리라디칼 발생과 제거에 미치는 영향

한기정,김석배,김양균,윤혜영,백광진,이희성,권년수 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2003 中央醫大誌 Vol.28 No.1

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates various immune and inflammatory reactions to induces the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). ROI and RNI are free radicals with very high reactivity, oxidize cellular constituents including proteins and lipid membranes, and thus play important roles in the pathogenesis of tissue damages in LPS-induced septic shock. The present study examined effects of dexamethasone (DexM), and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the generation of ROI and RNI, and on the activities of enzymes removing ROI in the liver of rat model of septic shock. DexM has widely been used as an immunosuppressant. L-NAME has known to block synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the main RNI, by inhibiting NO synthase (NOS). LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) markedly enhanced NO generation in serum and liver. The increased NO generation was completely blocked by pretreatment with DexM (10 mg/kg) and effectively inhibited by L-NAME (10 mg/kg). Induction of NOS protein expression by LPS was demonstrated by a Western analysis. The NOS expression was completely blocked by DexM pre-treatment, and markedly inhibited by L-NAME. However, the generation of superoxide radical, an important ROI, was not enhance in rat liver by LPS, rather it was decreased a little. Superoxide radical production was increased by L-NAME treatment or combined treatment of DexM and LPS. The level of lipid peroxidation, an index for free radical-induced cell damage, was increased by either LPS or DexM. The enhancement of lipid peroxidation by DexM was abolished by adding LPS. DexM markedly enhanced the activities of ROI removing enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. However, rats were treated with LPS in addition to DexM, the elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were abolished. These results provide information on the generation and removal of ROI and RNI by LPS, DexM and L-NAME in rat liver, and on development of drugs to inhibit free radical-induced liver damage in sepsis.

편측관상봉합 조기유합증 환자에서 컴퓨터단층촬영을 이용한 두개 기저부의 술후 변화 예측

김영석,김진형,김용욱,유선국,이혜연,김기덕,박병윤 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.2

농장 사육되는 타조에서 나타난 다리 기형의 증례 보고

최종윤,손화영,전무형,조성환,김혜성,류시윤,박배근,이영원,윤원기 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2001 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

Two farmed young ostrich chicks were applied to pathology laboratory at Chungnam National University. Grossly, one ostrich showed rotated tibiotarsus, the other showed rolled toes. Case 1 ostrich was hypertrophy of fibualis longus and tibial cranialis tendon and gastrocnemius tendon in crus, inflammation of flexor digitorum longus. In histopathological views, myocytes of fiburalis longus were showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It is not found any specific feature in X-ray of the case 2 ostrich. Limb deformities were detected frequently in farmed ostrich chicks in 2- to 3 weeks old. Limb deformities were an important cause of mortality in farmed ostrich chicks during the first 10weeks after hatch. Cause of limb deformities were considered a nutrition problem.

톨라신 농도에 따른 세포독성 기작과 Ni2+과 Zn2+ 에 의한 저해

윤영배 · 한지혜 · 김영기 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2018 農業科學硏究 Vol.34 No.2

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