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3GPP LTE-Assisted Wi-Fi-Direct: Trial Implementation of Live D2D Technology
Alexander Pyattaev,Jiri Hosek,Kerstin Johnsson,Radko Krkos,Mikhail Gerasimenko,Aleksandr Ometov,Pavel Masek,Sergey Andreev,Jakub Sedy,Vit Novotny,Yevgeni Koucheryavy 한국전자통신연구원 2015 ETRI Journal Vol.37 No.5
This paper is a first-hand summary on our comprehensive live trial of cellular-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communications currently being ratified by the standards community for next-generation mobile broadband networks. In our test implementation, we employ a full-featured 3GPP LTE network deployment and augment it with all necessary support to provide real-time D2D connectivity over emerging Wi-Fi-Direct (WFD) technology. As a result, our LTE-assisted WFD D2D system enjoys the required flexibility while meeting the existing standards in every feasible detail. Further, this paper provides an account on the extensive measurement campaign conducted with our implementation. The resulting real-world measurements from this campaign quantify the numerical effects of D2D functionality on the resultant system performance. Consequently, they shed light on the general applicability of LTE-assisted WFD solutions and associated operational ranges.
The efficiency of different types of extenders for semen cooling in stallions
Reckova, Zuzana,Filipcík, Radek,Souskova, Katarína,Kopec, Tomas,Hosek, Martin,Pesan, Vojtech Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.5
Objective: This study was conducted to examine influence of skimmed milk-based extender (SM), INRA 96 extender and BotuSemen Gold extender on parameters of stallions' ejaculate during storage. Methods: In this study, 14 stallions between 4 and 20 years of age were monitored. Total and progressive motility, viability and morphology of sperm were evaluated at time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours after collection. Results: The total motility, progressive motility, and values of sperm with normal morphology were significantly higher in the INRA 96 and BotuSemen Gold extenders than in the SM (p<0.01). The sperm viability differed significantly in all extenders (p<0.01). The highest value of sperm viability was in INRA 96 (64.69%±0.67%) and lowest in SM (59.70%±0.81%). The highest differences occurred at 72 hours of storage. Values of total motility, progressive motility and sperm viability decreased over time (p<0.01). In case of sperm morphology there was no statistically significant decrease between 48- and 72-hour time intervals. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extenders with a chemically defined composition have shown better indicators of insemination capabilities in ejaculates than the SM. The BotuSemen Gold extender is a suitable alternative to the INRA 96, when used within 48 hours; after 72 hours of storage, however, the INRA 96 showed a higher share of viable spermatozoa.
Concept Design and Performance Evaluation of UAV-based Backhaul Link with Antenna Steering
Jiri Pokorny,Aleksandr Ometov,Pablo Pascual,Carlos Baquero,Pavel Masek,Alexander Pyattaev,Ainoa Garcia,Carlos Castillo,Sergey Andreev,Jiri Hosek,Yevgeni Koucheryavy 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.5
At present, cellular coverage in many rural areas remainsintermittent. Mobile operators may not be willing to deployexpensive network infrastructure to support low-demand regions. For that reason, solutions for the rapid deployment of base stationsin areas with insufficient or damaged operator infrastructureare emerging. Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ordrones serving as data relays holds significant promise for deliveringon-demand connectivity as well as providing public safety servicesor aiding in recovery after communication infrastructure failurescaused by natural disasters. The use of UAVs in provisioninghigh-rate radio connectivity and bringing it to remote locations isalso envisioned as a potential application for fifth-generation (5G)communication systems. In this study, we introduce a prototypesolution for an aerial base station, where connectivity between adrone and a base station is provided via a directional microwavelink. Our prototype is equipped with a steering mechanism drivenby a dedicated algorithm to support such connectivity. Our experimentalresults demonstrate early-stage connectivity and signalstrength measurements that were gathered with our prototype. Our results are also compared against the free-space model. Thesefindings support the emerging vision of aerial base stations as partof the 5G ecosystem and beyond.