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Bubbly, Slug and Annular Two-Phase Flow in Tight-Lattice Sub-Channels
Horst-Michael Prasser,Christian Bolesch,Kerstin Cramer,Daisuke Ito,Petros Papadopoulos,Abhishek Saxena,Robert Zboray 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.4
An overview is given on the work of the Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Systems at ETH, Zurich (ETHZ) and of the Laboratory of Thermal Hydraulics at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland on tight-lattice bundles. Two-phase flow in subchannels of a tight triangular lattice was studied experimentally and by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Two adiabatic facilities were used: (1) a vertical channel modeling a pair of neighboring subchannels; and (2) an arrangement of four subchannels with one subchannel in the center. The first geometry was equipped with two electrical film sensors placed on opposing rod surfaces forming the subchannel gap. They recorded 2D liquid film thickness distributions on a domain of 16 × 64 measuring points each, with a time resolution of 10 kHz. In the bubbly and slug flow regime, information on the bubble size, shape, and velocity and the residual liquid film thickness underneath the bubbles were obtained. The second channel was investigated using cold neutron tomography, which allowed the measurement of average liquid film profiles showing the effect of spacer grids with vanes. The results were reproduced by large eddy simulation + volume of fluid. In the outlook, a novel nonadiabatic subchannel experiment is introduced that can be driven to steady-state dryout. A refrigerant is heated by a heavy water circuit, which allows the application of cold neutron tomography
Vorhandelstransparenz, Unterbrechung des Börsenhandels, Hochfrequenzhandel
Horst Hammen 아주대학교 법학연구소 2010 아주법학 Vol.4 No.2
유가증권거래의 전자화가 계속 진행되고 이와 더불어 항상 프로그램에 의한 거래전략과 결합됨에 따라 flash trading이나 hidden order와같은 새로운 형태의 주문형태가 등장하게 되었는데 이는 거래소가격에미치는 영향 때문에 근본적인 논의를 필요로 한다. Hidden Order는주문정보가 공개되지 않은 채 주문이 전달되는 것이 허용된다. 입법자는시장합치적이고 정상적인 거래소가격의 형성에 관하여 여러 단계에서 보장하고 있기는 하지만, 다른 어떠한 형태의 보장체계 보다도 시장정보에대한 접근권이 보장되어야 한다. 자본시장의 기능에 불가결한 투자자의신뢰는 적정한 시장투명성 뿐만 아니라, 입법자가 거래소거래에 있어 실제 시장상황에 맞는 정연한 가격형성에 이르게 하는 공정한 거래제도를마련하도록 함으로써도 제고된다. 따라서 만일 합리적 가격형성이 위협을 받은 경우 거래소의 거래중단 조치의 여부 및 그 시기는 언제인지가문제가 된다. 한편 거래전투명성(주문단계의 투명성)도 중요한 문제이다. 시장참여자가 언제든 자신이 의도하는 주식거래의 조건에 관하여 판단을내릴 수 있도록 하고, 또한 시세형성과정에서 효율성을 제고하기 위하여주식거래와 관련한 현재의 시장상황에 대한 상세내역을 공개하도록 하는법적 장치가 필요하다. 독일법상 거래전투명성의무는 상한가매수주문과하한가 매도주문사이의 주문가격, 그리고 이들 가격대의 수량을 공개하여야 하고 다만 거래소감독청이 법령에 의한 재량에 다라 대량주문시의거래전투명성의무를 면제하는 것을 허용하고 있다.
Horst Baier,Leri Datashvili 한국항공우주학회 2011 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.12 No.3
Active and shape morphing aerospace structures are discussed with a focus on activities aimed at practical implementation. In active structures applications range from dynamic load alleviation in aircraft and spacecraft up to static and dynamic shape control. In contrast, shape morphing means strong shape variation according to different mission status and needs, aiming to enhance functionality and performance over wide flight and mission regimes. The interaction of required flexible materials with the morphing structure and the actuating mechanisms is specifically addressed together with approaches in design and simulation.
CMOS Compatible Fabrication Technique for Nano-Transistors by Conventional Optical Lithography
Horst, C.,Kallis, K.T.,Horstmann, J.T.,Fiedler, H.L. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.1
The trend of decreasing the minimal structure sizes in microelectronics is still being continued. Therefore in its roadmap the Semiconductor Industries Association predicts a printed minimum MOS-transistor channel length of 10 nm for the year 2018. Although the resolution of optical lithography still dramatically increases, there are known and proved solutions for structure sizes significantly below 50 nm up to now. In this work a new method for the fabrication of extremely small MOS-transistors with a channel length and width below 50 nm with low demands to the used lithography will be explained. It's a further development of our deposition and etchback technique which was used in earlier research to produce transistors with very small channel lengths down to 30 nm, with a scaling of the transistor's width. The used technique is proved in a first charge of MOS-transistors with a channel area of W=200 nm and L=80 nm. The full CMOS compatible technique is easily transferable to almost any other technology line and results in an excellent homogeneity and reproducibility of the generated structure size. The electrical characteristics of such small transistor will be analyzed and the ultimate limits of the technique will be discussed.
Design of Long-Stator Linear Motor Drive for RailCab Test Track
Horst Grotstollen 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
The basic equations of a doubly-fed long-stator linear motor for a shuttle-based railway system are established. They show which degrees of freedom exist for controlling the motor. The ratio of stator and rotor current proves to be an important parameter which<br/> determines the design of motor, converter and mechanics.