신발유형별 보행동작의 운동역학적 동작분석

서국웅,윤양진,김용재,이훈식,유경복 부산대학교 사범대학 1995 교사교육연구 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of this study was to prepare some useful data for the prevention of injury caused by shoes when female was walking. Kinematic variables were analyzed with the aid of the visual materials filmed with a 16mm high speed camera, such as angular changes of joints, displacement, velocity, and momentum of the center of body gravity. The subjects for the research were normal 4 female high school students: The analytic results of the mechanism of each locomotion pattern were as follows: 1. It is desirable Kinematically that the dispersion of power should not be caused in the movement of lower-legs by keeping natural flexion and extension of joint. 2. Too much vertical displacement of the center of body gravity was thought undesirable because it caused the dispersion of power against the moving direction. To get some propulsion in the moving direction, it was efficient to use as much energy as possible from 8 F-F support phase to the toe-off. And also the center of body gravity was moved by the inertia just after toe-off. 3. The correct walking motion occurred when the walker moved their hip joint or knee joint gently with their upper body upright and their eyes looking around. 4. In order to lengthen the stride it was essential to practice intensively the flexion of the hip joint, extension of knee and plantar flexion of ankle joint. 5. It was proved that in race walking, they could get much greater propulsion from the flexion of the ankle joint than from the hip joint or the knee joint. It was, therefore, very important to train walkers so that the initial planter flexion of the ankle joint might occur from 6 F-F of the supporting phase. 6. The flexion of the ankle joint produced the added propulsion in the moving direction but the excessive flexion increased energy consumption and caused strain on the ankle joint because it dispersed power in moving the center of body gravity. 7. It was desirable to narrow the ankle of the flexion of the hip and knee joints because it could speed up revolutions per minute of the lower limb through lessening the inertia of the revolutions. The angle made by knee joint was desirable for getting the greatest propulsion in the moving direction. 8. High heel was lower than barefoot or jogging shoes in the displacement of the center of body gravity. This result showed that the displacement of the center of body gravity was made safe by lowering the flexion and extension of knee joint.

3차원 분석법의 적용 : DLT 방식 DLT(Dircet Linear Transformation) Method

서국웅,윤양진,김용재,이훈식 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1995 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to maximize the application of 3-d cine-photogrammetry, in which the DLT(Direct Linear Transformation) technique is used, by searching for some practical methods of application, and to develop a comprehensive package of programs of 3-d analyses. The raw digitized coordinate date were processed by a personal computer with the developed package. Two kinds of control-point-frame(pyramid, range pole), and a synchro-timer were designed and utilized in the study. Two theodolites were used of the angle measurements of the control points. The conclusions are as follows 1. Range pole system was much superior to control point pyramid system in the applicability of the control point frame. There was no significant difference between the calculated average length using the range pole system and the actual length of the rotation rod. 2. The automatic numerical aligning technique for the digitizing apparatus reduced the RMS of residuals of the control point space coodinates. But the optional distortion was not corrected by the correction model. 3. The application of the synchro-timer which was designed and used for the study was proved. But the standard deviation of the time interval between adjacent frames was affected by the quality of the image. 4. As a result of adopting unique of calculations of the control point space coordinates, the ratio of the power of the control point reconstruction to the size of the control point frame was reduced greatly

들기자세 유형별 L₄-L?의 근전도 분석 : At the Base Knee Angle 무릎각도를 중심으로

서국웅,노석규,윤양진,정미라,이훈식,박승범 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This research is to find out the most suitable lifting posture and to provide fundamental data for preventing usual injuries. To do this, we select five male graduates and five female graduates of P university, analyze their muscular actions in terms of posture types, measure the limit value of weight lifting by comparing each lifting posture type(knee angle 40˚, 80˚, 180˚) with action amplitudes of two parts of erector spinae muscle, and draw our conclusion as follow ; 1. In case of every lifting posture(that is, knee angle 40˚, 80˚, 180˚), females have higher muscular conductivity value in L⁴-L? of right erector spinae muscle than males(p<.001), but in L⁴-L? of left erector spinae males has higher muscular conductivity value than females(p<.001). 2. Males show lower degree of change in muscular conductivity value from 10kg to 25kg weight lifting. 3. Females show gradually increasing degree of change in muscular conductivity value according as weight lifting is heavier. 4. Males show the constant muscular conductivity action of average 50∼110㎶ in the L⁴-L? in case of each lifting posture, knee angle 40˚, 80˚, and 180˚. 5. Females also show the constant muscular conductivity action of average 100∼200㎶ in the L⁴-L? in case of each lifting posture, knee angle 40˚, 80˚, and 180˚. But they show more active muscular conductivity in more than 15kg weight lifting, IOSHIC permission load value. In short, in case of males, weight lifting up to 25kg has little effect on erector spinae muscle but in case of females, weight lifting from more than 15kg has gradual effect on erector spinae muscle. Therefore, the muscular conductivity values of various posture types(by knee angle)are to be identified according to weight lifting steps.

상품 속성의 특성과 자료수집 방법이 컨조인트 모형의 효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 비교연구

서상윤;이훈영;남양호 경희대학교 산업관계연구소 2009 産硏論叢 Vol.34 No.-

컨조인트 분석에 사용되는 다양한 속성들은 이들 속성들이 갖는 특성에 따라 컨조인트 분석결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 컨조인트 분석에 활용되는 개별 속성들은 색상이나 브랜드처럼 크기와 방향이 없는 이산적인 경우와 가격 혹은 무게 등과 같이 단조적인 크기와 방향을 갖는 벡터속성인 경우가 있다. 또한 이들 속성간 관계가 상품의 원산지와 색상처럼 상호 독립적인 경우가 있으며, 상품의 용량과 가격처럼 연관되어 있는 경우도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이렇게 상품 속성의 특성이 컨조인트 모형의 예측정확도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 비교연구 하였다. 연구결과, 상품의 속성들이 이산적인 속성들로 구성되어 있고 속성간에 서로 독립적인 경우, 속성이 단조적인 크기와 방향의 벡터속성과 서로 연관된 속성을 갖는 모형보다 예측정확도가 더 높게 나타났다. 또한, 트레이드 오프법과 전체프로필법을 이용한 두 자료수집 방법 간 예측정확도 비교에 있어서 상품의 속성들이 서로 독립적인 경우에는 트레이드 오프법을 이용한 자료 수집방법이 전체프로필법을 이용한 자료수집방법 보다 예측정확도 측면에서 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 속성들이 서로 연관되어 있는 경우에는 두 방법간에 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. The performance of conjoint model tends to depend on the characteristics of product attributes as well as the strength of correlation among attributes. If attributes used in the analysis are highly related with each other, the thult of conjoint analysis might not be so reliable neither effective in measuring the utility. The association among the attribute levels within an attribute also negatively influences on the performance of conjoint model. The purpose of this research is to investigate into how the effectiveness of conjoint model varies depending on the relation among attributes as well as on the monotonic variies depenattribute levels within an attribute. This paper also examines which data collecting method is more angropriiee depending on the different association among attributes and attribute levels' characteristics within an attribute. This research finds that both the dependency among attributes and the monotonic variies depenattribute levels influence the accuracyepenebute. ed conjoint model. The model develonto with independent product attributes outperforms that with sibuwhat related product attributes. The better model is ebute. ed whennattribute levels are non-monotonic relirelated ds independent. Also when attributes are independent, the model mas onic vardata collected uthe m vart as well method outperforms that develonto using the data collected by the full profile method.

부산시 학교체육시설과 체육공원시설의 안전도 조사

서국웅,조원민,윤양진,이훈식,정미라 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 부산광역시에 소재한 초,중,고등학교 72개교와 체육공원 9개소의 체육시설을 대상으로 현장을 직접 방문하여 안전도 측면에서 체육시설의 상태를 양호, 보통, 불량으로 나누어 20명의 조사자가 객관적인 관점에서 체육시설을 항목별로 구분한 것을 토대로 평가 하였고 또한 체육시설에 대한 실측이 필요로 하는 것은 정확한 측정을 하여 문제점을 분석하였다. 그 결과 학교체육시설은 시설의 설치와 관리상태 그리고 정비에 대한 관심이 안전도 측면에서 학생들이나 일반인들이 이용할 때 최적의 체육시설을 이용할 수 있도록 학교와 교사 그리고 행정기관에서 적극적인 재정지원과 관심이 요구되었고 체육공원시설은 질적인 면만이 아니라 양적으로도 고려가 되어야 하고 무엇보다도 수요자 중심으로 다양한 연령층을 고려하여 사회체육의 저변확대에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 체육공원시설은 누구나 쉽게 접할 수 있는 배치와 설계가 이루어짐으로서 지역사회의 주민이 체육활동을 할 수 있는 기회를 쉽게 제공하여야 할 것이다. 또한 기존의 공원체육 시설이 안전도 측면에서 양호한 수준으로 되기까지는 행정기관의 적극적인 관심과 경제적인 지원이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 본다. 결론적으로 체육시설은 안전도를 고려하여 설계되고 배치되어야 한다. 또한 누구나 안전하게 이용할 수 있도록 고려되어짐으로서 운동으로 인한 안전사고를 최대한 예방할 수 있을 것으로 본다. This study investigates and examines exercise facilities of 72 elementary and secondary school and 9 athletic parks all over the city of Pusan, and estimates their human-engineering aspects according to researcher's subjective standards(low, mid, and high level). It also finds out and analyzes items which needs measurement and estimation in exercise facilities, and concludes as follows: 1) In the case of exercise facilities in schools, more active attention must be given to their erection and control, and their constant checking and repair. Safety accident must also be prevented by providing optimal exercise facilities made in human-engineering way with students and ordinary people using them. Therefore, both school administrator and teachers must pay much mort attention to exercise facilities on schools and more much money must be invested for them. 2) In the case of exercise facilities of athletic parks, their quantity as well as qu must be emphasized, and, above all, safe user-centered exercise facilities must be designed and manufactured on the basis of the safety, and be provided with the people of different ages.

중량물 운반시 하지 근육의 근전도 분석

서국웅,이훈식,정미라 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This study is to find out the most suitable models of load carriage and to provide fundamental data for preventing usual injuries. To do this, we select five male graduates and five female graduates of P university, analyze their amplitude chages of electromyographic signals in front carring task, measure the limit value of load carriage by comparing each levels(5kg, 10kg, 15kkg, 25kg) with action amplitudes of four parts of both lower limb muscle. 1. In case of 5kg ·10kg ·15kg carriage, males have higher muscular conductivity value of lower limb than females. 2. In case of 20kg ·25kg carriage, females have higher muscular conductivity value of lower limb than males. 3. Injury would often occurred when permission load value of females in over 15kg carriage.

중량물 들고 보행시 잡기유형의 차이에 대한 운동학적 분석

서국웅,윤양진,김용재,이훈식,정미라,이창민,이중숙 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematic changes of the body according to various weight loads and the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing image, analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. Meaningful differences were shown partially in the angle changes of the subject's wrist joints, elbow joints and coxal articulations, but not in the angle changes of the subject's knee joints, according to the types of holding the objects while subjects carrying 5kg objects. So, carrying a light object of 5kg in workplaces or gyms doesn't have much influence on human joints and muscles. 2. Meaningful differences of angle changes were shown between right holding and vertical holding while subjects carrying 10kg objects. Female subjects had difficulties to hold the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints, carrying 10kg objects, because the first loads were imposed on their wrists and female has weaker muscles than male. In right holding of 10kg objects, female subjects had backward body centers from their bodies, the angle of their coxal articulation became bigger and they had unstable behaviors. 3. Female subjects had wider angle of their wrist joints and elbow joints while carrying 15kg objects than male subjects. But male subjects had bigger angle of coxal articulation than female subjects. Because female has weaker muscles, female subjects couldn't maintain the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints. 4. The 20kg objects influenced the angles of the wrist joints, the elbow joints and the coaxal articulations of both sex subjects in any type of holding during their carrying 20 kg objects, but didn't influence their knee joints. 5. in carrying 25kg objects, female subjects had wider angles of their wrist joints, elbow joints and knee joints in each holding type than male subjects and the significant difference were shown according to the holding type. But in the case of coxal articulation, male subjects had the bigger angles and meaningful differences. This comes from the weakness of female's muscle. N\Male subject's upper bodies were drawn back and the objects influenced their wrists more than their arms.

에어로빅 댄스 Kick 동작의 운동역학적 분석

서국웅,이훈식,윤양진,정미라,박승범 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the front and side Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force's of Knee-up, long-kick and high-kick, the effect of them speed rate on Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force, and the damage factor caused by them, and to provide useful data for ordinary people or athlete aerobic programs. The result of this study is as follows ; 1. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is not significant between the front and the side. 2. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is significant between differences of speed rate. 3. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force, speed and direction being equal, is significant according to the motion types: knee-up, long-kick and high-kick. 4. The possibility of causing damage is the highest when Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is more than 20BW/sec. 5. High-kick, which needs quick and heavy motion, is considered not be fit for beginners. 6. Load-rate must be lowered by choosing adequate speed rate and motion type, and even in the career of skilled athletes, enough exercise and muscle strength training of legs are necessary in doing aerobic.

중량단계별 상지근육의 근전도 패턴 분석

서국웅,윤양진,이훈식,정미라,이창민 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 중량을 들고 걷는 자세에서의 근육의 전위 활동을 분석하기 위해 P대학 체육학과 남 · 여 대학원생 중 오른손 사용자 5명에게 각각 5㎏, 10㎏, 15㎏, 20㎏, 25㎏의 중량물 운반시의 좌 · 우 상지의 각각 4개 부위에 대한 근육 전위 활동을 측정하여 비교 분석함으로써 성인 남 · 여에 있어서 적절한 중량들기의 한계치를 파악함은 물론, 중량들기로 인한 일상의 상해예방을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과 5 · 10 · 15 · 20 · 25㎏의 중량물 운반시 상지근 대부분의 근육의 전위 활동은 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났으며 중량이 무거워질수록 남자는 좌측 상완이두근과 상완요골근, 여자는 우측 상완이두근과 상완요골근이 주동근으로 사용되었고 여자에 비해 남자의 좌측 주동근의 근육 전위 활동이 높게 나타나 좌 · 우 평형유지에 힘든 요인으로 분석되었다. 또한 중량이 무거워질수록 여자 우측 요골근의 근육 전위 활동이 여자 상완요골근과 남자 좌 · 우측 상완요골근에 비해 높게 나타난 것은 몸 바깥쪽의 근 사용으로 효율적인 중량물 운반이 이루어지지 않음으로써 허리에 부담을 주거나 편중된 근 사용으로 인한 상해유발과 국소적인 근피로 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중량들기 적정한계치는 남자는 25㎏, 여자는 15㎏으로 나타났다. This study is to investigate the most suitable models of load carriage and to provide fundamental data for preventing usual injuries. we selected five male graduates and five female graduates of P university, analyze their amplitude chages of electromyographic signals in front carring task, measure the limit value of load carriage by comparing each levels(5㎏, 10㎏, 15㎏, 20㎏, 25㎏) with action amplitudes of four parts of both arm muscle. In case of 5㎏ · 10㎏ · 15㎏ · 20㎏ · 25㎏ carriage, females have higher muscular conductivity value in most muscles of both arm than males. Males is used agonistic muscle left biceps brachii and musculi brachioradalis , also females is used agonistic muscle right biceps brachii and musculi brachioradalis. Males have higher muscluar conductivity value in left agonistic muscle than females according as load is heavier, it is shown to be to difficult the male to keep balance. The heavier load, the higher muscluar conductivity value of right musculi brachioradalis in females than musculi brachioradalis in females and musculi brachioradalis at both side in males. The result of as shown above, Since the way of load carriage is not effective caused by using the muscle at outside of the body. The localized muscle fatigue and injury would often occurred caused of taken overload at waist or using the specific muscle.

步速變化에 따른 미끄러짐의 생체역학적 연구

서국웅,윤양진,서국은,이중숙,김용재,이언석,이훈식 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze walking steps to prevent unnecessary energy consuming and prevention of injury from sliding when someone was walking. The questionnaire, high speed video system, E.M.G. system, and force platform system were used to analyze sliding mechanism in biomechanical perspective. Several results were found as following: 1. According to questionnaire regarding sliding, 93.3% of participants have sliding experiences. People have sliding experiences by greasy floor(48.4%) and obstacle (22.5%). Sliding types were found from different kinds of shoes such as sneakers (48.8%) and boots (34.2%). The results were presented as following 44.6% of participants were fall down front direction and 40.3% of people fell down rear side. 2. According to the high speed video system analyzer, step sliding increased with increasing step speed from distance and acceleration speed experiment with 80 steps/min, 100 steps/min, 120 steps/min. Also, the most sliding were occurred with sneakers, boots, and bare feet as order. 3. According to E.M.G. test results, the vastus lateralis M., the vastus medialis m., and the tibialis anterior m. of electric action potential presented strongly when participants fell front, rear, and right side. The vastus lateralis m. and the tibialis anterior m. of electric action potential presented strongly when someone fell left side, but the vastus medialis m. and the gastrocnemius m. of electirc action potential presented as weaker. 4. According to the force platform test results, the most big change of floor antipower of x-axis presented when someone fell the left side. The most of big change of floor antipower of y-axis presented when someone fell down rear side. The most of big change of floor antipower of z-axis presented similarly when someone fell the front, rear, left, and right side.