Abnormal differentiation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells induced by perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice

You‑dan Dong,Liang Gao,Feng‑juan Wu,Ren Lin,Yuan Meng,Li‑hong Jia,Xiao‑fei Wang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen widely exposed to human beings, and there are more studies on its reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption and neurobehavioral disorders. Recent few studies have found that BPA has immunotoxicity, and its mechanism is not clear. Therefore, the effects of BPA on immune system have attracted extensive attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of perinatal exposure to BPA on regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells in female offspring mice. Methods Twenty-one pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, low-dose BPA (0.2 μg/mL) and high-dose BPA (2.0 μg/mL) exposure group. All received BPA exposure via drinking water from gestational day 6 to the end of lactation. Female offspring were fed a normal diet and drinking water for 1 month. The percentages of Treg and Th17 cells, the levels of Foxp3 and RORγt protein and IL-17 and TGF-β from spleen tissue or blood were measured in female offspring. Results The percentage of Treg cells and levels of Foxp3 protein decreased, while the percentage of Th17 cells and levels of RORγt protein increased, which showed a dose–effect relationship. The levels of serum TGF-β were significantly lower and the levels of serum IL-17 were statistically higher in BPA-exposed female offspring compared with controls (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). But there were no statistical difference in the levels of serum TGF-β and IL-17 between 0.2 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/ mL BPA groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion BPA exposure during pregnancy and lactation could cause abnormal differentiation and function of Treg and Th17 cells in female offspring mice, which was associated with down-regulated Foxp3 and up-regulated RORγt protein, respectively. Our findings indicated that BPA exposure during early development may play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases later.

요추 추간판 질환

유재원,손홍문 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Low back pain is a common medical problem and reported overall prevalence is 60-80% of general populations. Most of the low back pain comes from disc degeneration. Degenerative disc disease is broadly defined as "a clinical syndrome characterized by manifestations of disc degeneration and symptoms thought to be related to those changes." Disc degeneration does not necessarily produce symptoms but it is believed to be the aging process of the spine. Despite the extensive research to understand the pathophysiology of disc degeneration, the precise cause and pathophysiology of disc degeneration have not been revealed to date. This article reviews the pathophysiology of lumbar disc disease, especially the intervertebral disc herniation, and relates it to the development of clinical manifestations, including the evaluation as well as the nonoperative and operative management of such problems. 요추간판 질환은 추간판의 퇴행성 변화와 더불어 원인적인 여러인자가 복합되어 발생함에 의해 면밀한 검사가 필요하다. 요추간판 질환은 자연경과에 따라 증상이 호전될 수 있으나 보존적인 치료가 우선되어야하며 증상이 지속될 때에는 수술적인 치료가 필요하다. 수술적 치료의 성공여부는 정확한 적응증과 금기증의 적용 그리고 정확한 시술 등에 의하여 결정된다. 최근 진단기기 그리고 수술환경의 개선과 수술수기 및 척추기기의 개발로 인해 괄목할만한 임상결과를 보이고 있으나 이들의 부작용 또한 무시할 수 없는 실정임을 감안할 때 수술적 치료의 환자선택은 가장 중요하다고 할 수 있으며 수술방법 등은 최근 최소 침습 수술기법 등이 다양하게 이용되고 있으나 술자의 기술 등 여러요인을 고려하여 선택하는 것이 바람직하다고 하겠다.

청소년기 특발성 척추 측만증의 원인 및 자연사

유재원,손홍문 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) is a structural lateral curvature of the spine in the adolescent period in otherwise normal children. The diagnosis is obtained through evidence of a lO-degree lateral curvature with vertebral rotation on a standing upright radiograph of the spine, Prevalence studies indicate that 2% to 3% of children have idiopathic scoliosis. The exact etiology of idiopathic scoliosis, however, remains unknown at this time. The general consensus is that there is a hereditary predisposition and its actual cause is multifactohal. Approphate decisions for AIS require thorough knowledge of natural history, Understanding the natural history enables physicians to make thoughtful and appropriate management decisions that will alter the course of the disease in a positive way. The main concerns in the natural history are curve progression, back pain, Pulmonary function, mortality, Psychosocial effects and pregnancy, Previous natural history studies claimed an exaggerated results. Many recent results, however, are comparable to general population other than back pain and cosmetic concerns. 척추 측만증에 대한 원인과 자연사에 대하여 많은 보고가 있지만 아직까지 확실한 단일 원인은 밝혀지지 않았고 원인으로 생각되는 요소가 측만증의 원인인지 아니면 측만증에 의한 이차적인 변화인지 확실하지 않은 경우가 많다. 자연사는 과거의 보고는 요통, 폐기능, 사망률, 임신 등에서 정상인에 비해 좋지 않은 결과를 보인다는 보고가 많았으나 최근 보고는 정상인과 비슷하거나 약간 나쁜 정도의 결과를 보고하고 있다. 앞에서 언급한 내용틀은 일반적인 내용이며 측만증 환자에 대한 치료에 임할때는 측만증의 자연사에 대한 지식과 만곡의 크기, 골격 성숙도, 성 성숙도, 나이 등에 기초한 만곡의 진행 가능성을 충분히 고려하여 각각의 환자에 맞는 치료를 시행하여야 할 것이다.

흉요추 수술의 합병증

유재원,손홍문 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

液膜에 의한 벤젠과 노말헥산 混合物의 分離能과 膜의 安定性

洪裕植,鄭泰秀 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

In the separation of benzene-n-hexane mixture by liquid emulsion membrane in a batch system, investigated was the effect of surfactants and their concentration on the permeability, separation factor and membrane stability for various contact and settling times. Nonionic and anionic surfactants were used. Beyond the anionic surfactants concentration of 0.1wt% and the nonionic surfactants concentration of 0.2wt%, the fraction of permeation and membrane breakup increased as the surfactant concentration increased. The separation factor reached its highest value at the surfactant concentration of 0.1wt% for the anionic surfactants and 0.2wt% for the nonionic surfactants when the percentage of membrane breakup was smallest. The percentage of membrane breakup was higher when glycerol was added as a protective agent than not.

위암세포주에서 Recombinant Human Interferon-r와 Adriamycin의 투여순서가 항암효과에 미치는 영향

홍원선,손영숙,김창민,강윤구,이춘택,김유철,임영혁,남현석,이진오,강태웅 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Numerous previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated that the cytotoxicity can be enhanced by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and interferons(IFNs) in various types of cancer cells. We have previously reported that combined treatment of MKN-45, human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, with adriamycin(ADM) and recombinant human interferon-r(rh-IFN-r) increased in the cytotoxicity. In this study, the effects of combination timing of rh-IFN-r and ADM on the cytotoxicity against MKN-45 were investigated using MTT assay. MKN-45 was treated with rh-IFN-r and ADM in vitro on three schedules : Treat A ; rh-IFN-r and ADM were treated simultaneously, Treat B ; rh-IFN-r was treated 24 hours after the treatment with ADM, Treat C ; rh-IFN-r was treated for 72 hours and followed by the treatment with ADM. The survival of MKN -45 was inhibited by ADM dose-dependently. 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r significantly inhibited the survival of MKN-45(% survival : 35.1 ±-1.2% and 34.4 ±1.1% in Treat A and 42.5 ± 2.1% and 45.9-±2.5% in Treat C, respectively). However no difference in the survival was observed between 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r. Combined treatment with rh-IFN-r and ADM significantly augmented the cytotoxicity at low concentrations of ADM. Combined effects of rh-IFN-r and ADM were evaluated using IC30(,ag/ml) to ADM. IC30s of MKN-45 in Treat A, B and C at 102 U/ml of rh -IFN-r _ were 0.019 -?- 0.003, 0.045 :I:0.001 and 0.054 ± 0.012, respectively, while IC30 of MKN-45 treated with ADM alone was 0.052±0.004. IC30s of MKN-45 in ADM alone group, Treat A, Treat B and Treat C at 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r were 0.047 ±0.003, 0.004 -±0.001, 0.031 ±0.004 and 0.056 0.008, respectively. These results indicate IC30s of Treat A and B were significantly lower than those of ADM alone(p<0.05) and IC30s of Treat A was significantly lower than those of Treat B(p <0.01). IC30s of Treat C, however, were not different from those of ADM alone. From these results demonstrating that cytotoxic effects were increased by the combination of rh-IFN-r and ADM in the order, Treat A > Treat B> Treat C, it can be concluded that the simultaneous administration of rh-IFN-r and ADM may be the most effective method to combine these two therapeutic modalties.

퇴행성 요추부 질환의 병태생리

유재원,손홍문 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Age-related changes in the lumbar spine manifest as a pathologic, symptomatic disease process in some patients. As the population ages and symptomatic spine diseases are becoming- ubiquitous, much more concern has been concentrated on the cause of spine degeneration. Many asymptomatic population shows spine degeneration on MRI study. So, the degeneration itself is not the only pain generator. The spectrum of changes seen in the normal aging spine anatomically, biochemically, biomechanically, and radiographically may also occur, to an exaggerated extent in the pathologically degenerated spine. But the precise cause and sequence of spine degeneration in the spine remain unknown. The degenerative changes of spine causes many symptomatic diseases such as disc hei-niation, spinal stenosis, internal disc disruption, and degenerative scoliosis. Clinical manifestations of these diseases are low back pain, radiating pain and referred pain. The degenerative changes that occur in the various components of the spine are reviewed here along with various mechanisms that might cause these changes.

조기영어 교수법으로서의 전신반응법의 이론적 근거와 적용방법 탐색

홍성윤,김유미 中央大學校 韓國敎育問題硏究所 1995 韓國敎育問題硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.14

This study purports to investigate the theoretical basis of Total Physical Response(TPR) and its instructional applications. For this purpose of the study, firstly linguistic theories are presented, secondly. theoretical basis and characteristics of TPR are demonstrated, and thirdly, its applications and limitations in learning and teaching process are discussed, finally suggestions and conclusions on TPR are derived. This study also describes the developmental procedures for learning English through TPR in real situation using an example. TPR is defined as a language teaching method through associating language with physical activity. Motor activity is a right brain function that should precede left brain language processing. It complements the limitations of left brain based language teaching method. Based on criticisms of left-brain based language learning. TPR as an authentic, alternative language teaching method, has been welcomed to classroom setting. Many recent researches on TPR extol the many potential benefits of TPR for teaching and learning languages particularly compared to traditional left-brain based language teaching method. TPR invites students to comprehend a new language in the unit of a phrase or a sentence instead of a word. In addition, it promotes learning transfer. TPR matches the elementary school classroom instruction, because it teaches English through action according to the developmental level. TPR heavily utilizes the imperative mood, even into more advanced proficiency levels. The TPR classroom is one in which students do great deal of listening and activity before they speck, and their listening is accompanied by physical response. TPR puts emphases on right brain learning. TPR has its limitations. It seems to be especially effective in the beginning levels of language proficiency, but then it loses its distinctiveness as learners advance in their competence. In reading and writing activities students are limited to spinning off from the oral work in the classroom. All the students don't prefer learning language through action or physical activities. It is also difficult for teachers to incorporate TPR into the English Teaching program adequately in association with learning objectives. Teachers should not demand verbal response and should not guide too much until necessary.

경추성증성 신경근증

유재원,손홍문 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Degenerative cervical disc disease comprises a spectrum of disorders ranging from internal disc disruption to focal soft disc hemiations to spondylosis with its osteophyte formation. The process may be isolated to a single level in the cervical spine or involve multiple levels, most commonly in the subaxial cervical spine. Cervical spondylosis is a manifestation of cervical disc degenetation and cervical radiculopathy occurs as a result of compression or distortion of a cervical nerve root. Cervical radiculopathy includes the constellation of pain and/or nerve deficit in the distribution of a specific cervical nerve root. This condition may be related to a variety of possible compressive pathologies. This article reviews the natural history of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and relates it to the development of clinical manifestations, including the evaluation as well as the nonoperative and operative management of such problems.

학교중심 교육과정 개발에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식과 태도연구

홍성윤,김유미 中央大學校 韓國敎育問題硏究所 1997 韓國敎育問題硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.12

This study was performed to investigate elementary school teachers' perception and attitude about the School-Based Curriculum Development(SBCD). In order to attain this purpose: First, the character of the six curriculum revision and the background, meaning, and scope of SBCD were discussed on the basis of the related literature review. Second, elementary school teachers' perception and attitude about SBCD were analyzed. For the purpose of gathering the data, 5 elementary schools in Seoul were randomly selected and then the questionnaire about SBCD was distributed to the teachers of those schools. The subjects of the last analysis were 192 teachers. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) Only a part of the elementary schools implemented SBCD. Moreover, only a few teachers participated in SBCD. 2) Most of the teachers recognized necessity of SBCD, but almost half of teachers showed negative attitude toward the feasibility of SBCD. 3) Most of the teachers desired to modify and adapt centrally developed curricular and select among them rather than create new curricular. 4) Although teachers suggested that different people including teachers participate in SBCD, they responsed that teachers should play a leadership role in SBCD. 5) The main reasons that teachers showed negative attitude toward participation in SBCD was lack of time, professional knowledge and ability, and concern and recognition. On the basis of these results, the actual conditions and problems of SBCD and elementary school teachers' perception and attitude about SBCD were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were made for the activation of SBCD.