A Kinetic Study on the De-Crosslinking and Decomposition of Silane-Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Supercritical Methanol

Hong, Giyoung,Hong, Soon Man,Koo, Chong Min,Baek, Bum Ki,Lee, Hong-shik,Lee, Youn-Woo American Chemical Society 2015 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.54 No.48

<P>De-crosslinking of silane-cross-linked polyethylene (S-XLPE) in supercritical methanol was investigated. Changes in gel content and molecular weight with reaction temperature and reaction time were analyzed in a batch reactor, and kinetic parameters were calculated from the experimental data. The reaction time for de-crosslinking shortened as the reaction temperature increased and the complete de-crosslinking of S-XLPE was achieved at 320 °C and 20 min. The de-crosslinking rate of S-XLPE fit well with the first order reaction model. In addition, the molecular weight of de-cross-linked polyethylene (DXPE) decreased further as reaction temperature and reaction time increased when the reaction temperature exceeded 360 °C relative to that of the original polyethylene before being cross-linked. The decreasing molecular weight trend also fit well with the first order reaction model.</P>

Flavobacterium meningosepticum에 의한 균혈증 1예

장성원,유진홍,진승원,김선우,김연식,박순민,이대훈,최민호,최주연,신완식,강문원,강지민 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.1

1996년 6월 카톨릭대학교 부천성가병원에 뇌경색으로 입원했던 61세 남자 환자의 혈액에서 Flavobacterium meningosepticum을 분리하였다. 환자는 폐렴을 동반한 패혈증의 예로 ceftriaxone과 metronidazole을 투여하였으나 입원 48시간만에 사망하였다. Flabovacterium meningosepticum is a rae cause of nosocomial infection which shows multi-drug resistance. It mainly invades patients with impaired immunity. Recently, we experienced a case of F. meningosepticum bacteremia in a patient with chronic debilitated state owing to stroke. The clinical progress was so rapid that he died within 48 hours. Blood culture revealed F. meningosepticum which showed characteristic yellow colony in blood agar plate.

Egypt의 軍民體制 硏究 : Anwar Sadat's Military Regime(1970~1980) 안와르 사다트의 政權을(1970.10~1981.10) 中心으로

洪敏植,徐陽重 慶尙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

Today, the Military Regime is one of the new phenomena that is to be found in the third world countries plodding on developing or modernizing process. The Military Regime is not to be democratic. Despite of differentiated degree, most of millitary regimes have authoritarian and autocratic tendency. The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to developing analytical scheme to classify the Military Regime in the third world countries through the analysis of the Sadat's military regime. We have adopted and examined such facts as mentioned below for the analysis of the Sadat's military regime. 1) The origin of the Military Regime. 2) The purpose of the Military Regime. 3) The dynamics of the Military Regime, 4) The performances of the Military Regime. 5) The prospect of transition. Through this analysis, we have some conclusions. The Military Regime in Egypt emerged in the political, economical, economical and social crisis and transition. The lack of legitimate political order and national support in the previous civilian government assisted to the emergence of military regime representing national and revolutionary aspirations. The Military Regime in Egypt also reveals non-democratics and authoritatian restraints on the all oppositional parts of the country in the name of rapid and far-reaching economic development by the strong state control. So only the powerful economic development policy and the realization of Arabnationalism can establish the legitimacy of the military regime. And the lack of political capacity ersults in amny trial and errors, and suffer severe losses in the political and economic spheres. But the possibility of Egypt's turn into the direction of the democratization in a few days is not so bright in spite of the recent wordly democratization tendency.

韓國에 있어서의 人體感染 東洋眼蟲에 對한 形態學的 硏究

閔弘基,田桂植 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1988 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.11 No.3

Recently, the present authors obtained 6 worms (4 females and 2 males) from both eyes of a farmer aged 23. Worms were fixed in 10% formalin, examined, and measured. All of worms were identified as Thelazia callipaeda Railliet and Henry, 1910. The findings of parasitological studies on 21 specimens (12 females and 9 males) removed from 12 cases of human thelaziasis already described in Korea were reviewed together with our findings. And percentages of lengths of main structures to the body length of each worm were also calculated for comparison. Female and male specimeus measured 14.31 and 10.93mm in length, 0.42(2.9%) and 0.34mm(2.8%) in diameter, 0.03(0.2%) in length of buccal cavity, 0.70(5.1%) and 0.56mm(5.2%) in distance from anterior end to esophago-intestinal junction, and 0.08(0.5%) and 0.05mm(0.5%) in length from posterior end to anus or cloaca in average, respectively. Vaginal openings in all of female were located about0.2mm anteriorly to esophago-intestinal junctions. Minimum and maximum in male worms, respectively. In our 4 female specimens only a pair of processes at terminal of the tail were demonstrated, while in 2 males 8 pairs of precloacal and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae were noted. Some wrinkle-like structures were observed on ventral and dorsal surfaces in posterior portion of a male specimen.

개蛔蟲 幼蟲 感染 마우스에 있어서의 宿主 低抗性

閔弘基,田桂植 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1991 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.14 No.2

A series of experiments were carried out to obtain some informations on host resistance in mice infected with Toxocara canis. Approximately 210 male BLAB/c mice were used and given various doses of infective eggs. For the purpose. the mean percentages of eosinophils were counted. and recovery rates of larvae from the liver, lung, brain, carcass and other tissues were examined separately at various intervals according to the experimental schedules. Experiment Ⅰ: Mice in groups Ⅰ-1 and Ⅰ-2 were given a single dose of 30 eggs and 100 eggs, respectively. Eosinophils and larvae were examined daily for 6 days and weekly for 21 weeks. Experiment Ⅱ : Mice in groups Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-2 were given 100 eggs weekly for 2 weeks and 50 eggs for 4 weeks from 1 week after an initial administration of 30 eggs. Eosinophils were counted weekly and larvae were examined at 3 weeks after the final administration, respectively. Experiment Ⅲ : Mice in 6 groups from Ⅲ-1 to Ⅲ-6 were given a challenge dose of 100 eggs at 1. 2. 3. 5. 7, and 9 weeks after an initial administration of 30 eggs. Eosinophils were counted weekly for 3 weeks and larvae were examined at the 3rd week after the challenge infection, respectively. The means of eosinophils in groups Ⅰ-1 nd Ⅰ-2 respectively were 6.4% and 8.2% at 6 hr. and reached a maximum peak of 16.8% and 21.6% at 2 weeks, and the means decreased rapidly for the next 6 weeks. then fell gradually. The superinfection and the challenge infection in Experments Ⅱ and Ⅲ caused quicker and more intense rises of the eosinophils. The recovery rates of larvae in groups Ⅰ-1 and Ⅰ-2 respectively showed 3 peaks at 48 hr. 1 week and 3 weeks, then decreased gradually. At 48 hr. 88.2% and 93.5% of the larvae recovered and 38.0% and 40.8% of the total larvae given were found in the liver, then decreased gradually until none was found at the end of the experiment. On the contrary. in the brain and carcass, the larvae accuulated repidly through the 1st week and the rates persisted up to the 8th week without remarkable variation. The recovery rates of larvae in total, and from the brain and carcass in groups of Experiments Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased remarkably, whereas those from the liver increased significantly compared with groups Ⅰ-1 and Ⅰ-2 at the corresponding weeks of examination. Transition patterns of the means of eosinophils in groups of Experiments Ⅰ and Ⅱ and those of total recovery rates of larvae in groups of Experiment I were essentially similar each other in rise and fall throughout the experiments. From the overall results, it is strongly suggested that eosinophils do affect the development of resistance to invading Toxocara larvae, and the higher recovery rates of larvae in the liver indicates that the liver is the organ which may play a role of protection against infection with T. canis larvae by means of immunomechanism in mice.

江華郡內 肺吸蟲症 濃厚蔓延地域에 있어서의 疫學的 樣相의 變化

閔弘基,田桂植 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1987 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.10 No.4

In Korea, paragonimiasis is one of the most important endemic parasitic diseases with significant clinical relvance. Since 1917 when Kobayashi has reported a high infection rate(88.0%) of paragonimus metacercariae among crayfish, an important intermediate host, Kanghwa-gun has been known to be a hyperendemic region of paragonimiasis. The present authors carried out an epidemiologic studies to obtain some current informations on the change in epidemiologic aspects of paragonimiasis in Giljeong-ri, Yangdo-myun, Kanghwa-gun, the most hyperendemic region. The infection status of Paragonimus metacercariae in crayfish have been examined. And a total of 392 students of Kangnam Middle School was examined by the intradermal test with Paragonimus antigen. In order to detect Paragonumus egg from the positive reactors, the fecal and sputum examinations were performed. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, there are marked reducing tendencies in the infection rate in crayfish and in the average number of metacercariae per crayfixh examined; 66.2% and 17.2 in 1981, 59.6% and 8.4 in 1984 and 20.0% and 0.6% in 1987, respectively. According to Table 3, 7.1% of the students showed positive reaction to Paragonimus autigeu with the sexual distribution of 8.0% in male and 6.0% in female. However, no Paragonimus eggs were found from the positive reactors by the fecal and sputum examinations.

마우스에 있어서의 肝吸蟲 감염에 대한 조직비만세포의 반응

민홍기,전계식 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1994 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.17 No.3

BALB/c mice were used and divided into 2 experimental groups ; group 1, infected with a single dose of 50 Clonorchis matacercariae and group 2, challenged with 50 metacercariae at the 4th week after primary infection with the same dose of metacercariae. Normal mice were served as control. Three mice in each group were examined weekly for 10 weeks. Mice in groups 1 and 2 were sacrifficed. Liver including gall bladder and common bile duct was group were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol and fixed. The liver including common bile and sectioned serially and stained with toluidine blue for examination of appearance degree of mast cells. The medenterium was used for examination of appearance degree of mast cells and percentage of degranulating cells. The results obtained in this study are summarised as following: 1) Average number of worm recovered was 13.1 in group 1 and 15.7 in group 2, respectively, throughout the examination. Mean number by week after reinvection in group 2 revealed a slight increase, ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, comparing with those in group 1. 2) In control mast cells were found in the mesenterium, but not in the bile duct, small intestine and lymphnodes. No mast cells were found in the small intestine in groups 1 and 2. In group 1 nast cells showed a moderate appearance degree at the 3rd week and persisted for 2-4 weeks in the bile dust, mesenterium and lymphnodes. Group 2 shoeed a moderate or marked degree ehich persisted for longer period after reinfection in the tissues. 3) Average percentage of degranulating cells in the mesenterium was 9.1% in control and 26.3% in froup 1, respectivley, throughout the examination and 51.7% during 6 weeks after reinfection in group 2. The peak was 36.7% at the 3rd week after primary infection in groups 1 and 2. In group 2, the percentage of degranulating cells increased promptly and markedly to 77.3% at the 1st week after reinfection. 4) Chronological of appearance degree of mast cells and percentage of degranulating cells in the tissues, particularly in the bile duct showed an obvious tendency to parallel to chronological change of number of worm recovered in the liver. From the adove results, it is strongly suggested that mast cells in mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis are deeply implicated in expulsion of worms in bile dust.

肝蛭의 被養幼蟲을 投與받은 數種 實驗動物에 있어서의 感染狀態

田桂植,閔弘基 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1991 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.14 No.1

The present study was performed to reveal out infection rate. worm recovery rate and individual worm burden in mice rats, rabbits and goats experimentally infected with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica for establishment of animal model as experimental host of the fluke. Metacercariae were obtained from experimentally infected snails. Lymmaea Pervia. The results obtained are summarised as follows ; 1) Infection rate was 100% in mice, rabbits and goats. respectively, and 73.3% in rats. 2) Days(mean) that eggs were found in the faeces for the first time after infection were 37~46 days(4l days) in mice. 39~49 days(44 days) in rats. 49~63 days(56 days) in rabbits and 68~88 days(78 days) in goats. respectively. The flukes mature more quickly in smaller hosts. 3) Worm recovery rate and mean of individual worm burden were 27.7% and 1.7 in mice. 10.7% and 1.1 in rats. 36.0% and 10.8 in rabbits and 42.7% and 21.3 in goats. respectively. Goats are regarded as favorable experimental hosts of the fluke.

鐵筋콘크리트 土留構造物의 最適化에 關한 硏究

崔洪植,邊根周,李相旻 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1984 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

A mathematical model is formulated for the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete earth structures. The design variables are selected to be the depth and steel ratio in the retaining wall, and the depth, steel ratio and footing sizes in the isolated column footings. An elastic analysis is performed and resulting designs are based on both the ultimate strength theory and the elastic theory of concrete design. Constraint requirements are imposed to insure structural strength and side constraints. The resulting mathematical model is a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The modified Lagrange Multiplier method is suggested as a satisfactory algorithm for the optimum design of the R.C. earth structures.

反芻動物의 肝蛭類 및 胃腸內線蟲類에 對한 Nitroxynil-Levamisole 複合注射劑 詩製品의 驅蟲效果評價試驗

田桂植,閔弘基,張斗煥 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1990 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.13 No.3

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the experimentally prepared injection of nitroxynil-levamisole against liver fluke and gastrointestinal roundworms in goats and cattle. For the purpose, the dose confirmation trial, the dose reduction trial and clinical field trial were conducted according to "the guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants" approved by the General Meeting of the 9th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterin ary Parasitology" in 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) A single dose of 10mg/kg of nitroxynil injection alone against the liver fluke and that of 5.0mg/kg of levamisole injection alone against gastrointestinal roundworms in goats were highly effective in the cure rate and the egg reduction rate, respectively. 2) A single dose of the experimentally prepared compound injection at the dose levels of nitroxynil 10.0mg-12.0mg/kg and levamisole 5.0mg-6.0mg/kg was highly effective in the egg reduction rates of both liver fluke(98.4%-100%) and gastrointestinal roundworms(97.3%-98.4%) without any side reaction in goats. 3) A single does of the experimentally prepared compound injection at the reduced dose level of nitroxynil 7.5mg/kg and levamisole 5.0mg/kg was highly effective in the egg reduction rates of both liver fluke and gastrointestinal roundworms in goats. 4) In the clinical field trial, a single dose of the experimentally prepared compound injection at the reduced dose level of nitroxynil 7.5mg/kg and levamisole 5.0mg/kg showed also very high efficacy in the cure rates and the egg reduction rates of both liver fluke and gastrointestinal roundworms in Korean cattle, dairy cow and beef cattle. However, it was not effective against Ostertagia sp. among gastrointestinal roundworms. No side reactions were noted.