Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress

Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.

등가자화전류를 이용한 영구자석계자형 선형동기전동기의 특성해석

홍정표 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産技硏論文集 Vol.10 No.-

This paper presents an efficient magnetic field analysis method and performs characteristic analysis of a permanent magnet type linear synchronous motor. Permanent magnet and primary current is replaced by equivalent magnetizing current and sheet current, respectively. Air gap flux density is seperately analyzed by permanent magnet and primary current. And the resualtant air gap flux density is calculated by superposition due to the permanent magnet and primary current. The analysis model is analyzed the harmonic distribution of air gap flux density and force acting on mover. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by comparing the analysis results with the experimental ones.

차세대 이동 위성서비스의 특성 분석

홍정식,안재경,김지표 한국정보사회진흥원 2005 정보화정책 Vol.12 No.4

1990대에 본격적으로 시작된 위성에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 국내에서는 무궁화 위성이 3호까지 성공적으로 운용되고 있으며, 곧 무궁화위성 5호도 발사될 예정에 있다. 현재 이러한 위성들은 통신, 방송용으로 지상망을 보완하는 역할을 수행하고 있으나, 차후 위성은 언제 어디서나 개인이 원하는 형태로 이용할 수 있는 초고속 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 미래 이동위성통신시스템의 원활한 개발을 위하여 필수적으로 수반되어야 하는 차세대 유망 위성서비스에 대한 다양한 분류작업과 지상망 대비 경쟁력 검토를 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 양방향 HDTV, 양방향 DMB, LBS와POS, PPDR, DCD, Glass Vision, 실시간 여행/운전 안내, 자동 정보 업데이트, 산간/오지의 인터넷 등 9개의 유망 위성서비스를 도출하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 이들 서비스를 심층 분석한 결과 재난정보 서비스, 디지털 콘텐츠 분배서비스, 그리고 산간/오지 인터넷 서비스가 보다 경쟁력 있는 서비스로 드러났다.

버팀보로 지지된 흙막이벽의 거동에 관한 연구

홍원표,여규권,윤중만,조용상 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1997 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

버팀보 축력으로부터 산정된 측방토압은 지표면에서 굴착깊이의 17%에 해당되는 깊이까지 선형적으로 증가하다가 그 깊이 아래로부터는 일정토압분포를 보이는 사다리꼴모양의 분포를 보였다. 이 일정토압 분포부분의 토압 크기는 평균적으로 최종굴착깊이에서의 Rankine 주동토압의 58%에 해당하거나 연직상재압의 17%에 해당하였다. 또한 흙막이벽의 수평변위와 굴착깊이와의 관계로부터 흙막이구조물의 안정성을 판단할 수 있는 시공관리기준을 설정하였다. 흙막이벽의 수평변위량이 굴착깊이의 0.20%보다 작으면 흙막이벽과 굴착배면지반은 안정된 상태에 있다. 그러나 벽체의 수평변위가 굴착깊이의 0.20%보다 크게 발생하면 굴착공사의 안정성을 주의깊게 관찰해야만 하며, 필요하다면 흙막이 구조물을 보강해야만 한다. The lateral earth pressures on braced earth retaining walls, which are estimated form the measured strut force, shows a trapezoidal distribution that the earth pressure increases linearly with depth from the ground surface to 17% of the final excavation depth, and then keeps constant value. The maximum lateral earth pressure was same to 58% of Rankine's active earth pressure or 17% of the vertical overburden pressure at the final excavation depth. Also, empirical criterion is established for construction management to monitor and ensure the stability of deep excavation from the relationship between horizontal displacement of wall and excavated depth. If the horizontal displacement of wall measured from inclinometer shows less than 0.20 percent of the excavated depth, the retention wall and surrounding ground exist under stable state. When the horizontal displacement is developed more than 0.20 percent of the excavated depth, excavation works should be carefully observed and reinforced the earth retention wall, if necessary.

'90年代 冷藏庫 디자인 戰略樹立을 위한 硏究

洪正均 全北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Goods and service get supply to the market have a begining of variety and a large size, as well a new product and technique have developing by the economic growth and industrial development. In the field of home we have a replenished a may of house hold furnishing for a standard of living elevation and a life of scientifically. This thesis will briefly review about the which, refrigerator have make a necessaries of home and a saturation goods of market, namely, a extension late of 90%. Three company on domestic home applicances have been carry out design policy that make a selection refrigerator a central sale goods, because promote in phase of goods, Major purpose of this thesis are that the companies establish design policy which is coincident with needs of consummer, as present of logical solution throught the environmental analysis of refrigerator which accupying the first place, and have called the major term of house hold goods, in the scale of an offering amount.

新製品 開發을 위한 造形要素 發掘과 形態 創出에 대한 硏究 : 팬코일유니트(Fancoil Unit)디자인개발 CASE STUDY A Case Study of Fancoil Unit Design Research

홍정표 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

This study is for a new product style creative. Until now, we have been doing on the designer's sensitivity(qualitative analysis) for the new style creat But now we will be deal with a quantity analysis (by the data) And then, this study First, sampling a symbol model from a connect with assumption model and association of image by at first-hand subway of user. Second, approach to design throught the quantity data make appraisal of consummer about the assumption model. Third, present a definite model, applyed consequence of conjoint analysis in the fancoil.

製品 開發에 關한 디자인 프로세스 메니지먼트

洪正杓 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The economic environment of the world growth into the serious situation since the competition with enterprises and nations is considered as the vigorous fight. The market power and the innovation of technology are essential for the survival of corporation. To do this international competition power has to be forced through the revolutionary innovation of the technology and the creation of design. The roles of design involves the mediatory role of information and knowledgy in organization creative the role of processor making valuable and meaningful information and connective role between man and enterprise. Therefor, industrial design deal with not only the shape of product but also the function of product. It also contents the requirement of the objectivity relationality and necessary in solving the problems and decision making. Design management had required in the systemetic organization, human resource management. Invention of product, and product evaluation. Now the concept of design is not only the creation of beautiful, cheap, and practical product but also the creation of the culture of human life to cope with the change of generation. So design management is necessary to participate social activity and creation new culture. Today the enterprise is using design for making the product whitch has the market power and the competition power. Design management could be interpretated as the methodology of aiding design management. The design management, the top issue design area, should be first understand to prevention the problem that is caused by the various design method, the character of design project, and unnecessary time. To do this, design process should be built in a systemetic way by adaption the various technique of management.

리비아 대수로공사 지역의 지반특성

홍원표,남정만,김시현,이재호 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1996 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

리비아 사막지역의 지반특성을 연구하기 위하여 리비아 1단계 대수로공사가 실시된 지역의 지반특성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조를 경유하여 Sirt 저수조까지의 대수로 공사지역을 따라 실시된 실내시험과 현장시험결과를 포함하고 있다. 이 지역은 내륙지역(Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조까지)과 해안지역(Ajdabiya 저수조에서 Sirt 저수조까지)으로 구분하여 연구된다. 본 연구결과, 지표면 부근에 있는 모암(Cap rock)은 주로 Caliche나 석회사암(Calcarenite) 성분을 많이 띠고 있고, 이들의 깊이에 따른 강도변화는 발견할 수 없었다. 또한 모래에 대한 Ncl도 깊이에 대한 변화를 발견할 수 없었으나 이들을 종류별로 분류하였을 경우, N치가 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 끝으로 해안지역의 점토에서는 지표면부근에서 조금 과압밀된 경향을 볼 수 있었으며, 내륙지역의 점토에서는 대단히 높은 팽윤포텐셜이 관찰되었다. To study geotechnical properties on Sahara desert of Libya, geotechnical characteristics in the region of the Great Man-made River Project were reviewed. A series of field and laboratory tests were carried out along the route of the conveyance lines from Sarir well field to Sirt end reservoir through Ajdabiya holding reservoir. In the view of geotechnical aspect, the research subject area can be divided into two areas ; one is the inland area(from Ajdabiya holding reservoir to Sirt reservoir). The results of this study showed that the cap rocks nearby ground surface were generally composed of caliche or calcarenite and variation of its strength according to depth could not find. Also, N value in sand did not show a trend of variation with depth however, the N value in the classified soil reveals tendency to increased. The clay of ground surface in the coastal area was slightly overconsolidated due to the desiccation of the surface soils. The clay in the inland area had high swelling potential.

韓國의 암발파 진동상수에 관한 연구

홍원표,엄영진,윤중만 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

암반지반에서 절토나 지하굴착을 실시할 때 암발파로 인해 진동과 소음이 발생하게 된다. 지반진동은 인접구조물에 손상을 주거나 인근주민에게 불쾌감을 주기 때문에 지반진동의 발생기구나 인접구조물에 영향을 미치는 매카니즘을 정확히 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 지반진동에 대한 규준을 마련하는데 있다. 지반진동은 최대입자속도, 발파에너지, 진동원으로 부터의 거리에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 산정된 진동식의 최대입자속도는 기존의 제안식보다 약간 작게 나타나고 있으나 진동원으로부터 50~100m 이내의 거리에서는 매우 유사하게 나타나고 있다. Vibration and noises are occured dut to rock blasting work for cutting and underground excavation performed in rock ground. It is very important to control the vibration produced according to rock blasting. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to estabilish criteria of vibration to control blasting. Vibration is influnced by peck particle velocity, blasting energy, distance from vibration source and strength of rock. The peck particle velocities estimated by the vibration equations presented in this paper are lower than those estimated by existing empirical equations but both show very similar within distance from 50m to 100m.

NATM 통신구터널 지보패턴에 관한 연구

홍원표,한중근,이상곤 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

우리나라에서 NATM 통신구터널에 적용되고 있는 암반분류형태 및 지보패턴은 지하철 도시터널과 같이 대형단면 터널에 적용되는 기준을 그대로 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 NATM 통신구터널은 대개 소형단면터널이며 깊은 tal도에서 시공되는 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 NATM 통신구터널의 설계 및 시공시에는 적절한 지반암반의 정량화 및 공학적 분류법을 별도로 마련하여 이 분류에 근거한 적합한 지보모델을 제시할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 NATM 통신터널에 적합한 표준지보패턴과 암반분류모델을 7등급으로 구분 제시하며 제시된 암반 분류등급별 지보패턴에 대한 합리성이 터널시공사례에 대한 유한차분해석을 통해 검증된다. The classification of rock-mass and its reinforcement pattern used for Communication Cable Vault in Korea have been actually used such methods that applied to largesectional tunnel construction such as Subway urban-tunneling. However, in the case of small sized tunnel works for Communication Cable Vault which are generally adopted at deep depth, the proper reinforcing support model should be suggested on the basis of quantitative classification of rock-mass for design and construction. This paper presented standard reinforcement pattern and classification model of rock-mass for NATM of Communication Cable Vault. They are divided in to 7-categories of grades and reasonability of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of Tunnel.