Wandel regionaler und kommunaler Eliten im Vereinigungsprozess

Holtmann, Everhard 이화여자대학교 통일학연구원 2008 통일학연구원 국제학술회의 : 초국가적 관점에서 본 체제전환 : 독일과 한국 Vol.2008 No.

독일 통일과 함께 이루어진 체제교체 과정에서 엘리트의 변동은 삼단계에 걸친 발전 유형을 보여준다. 과도기의 역사적 획을 긋는 "창조적 파괴" (Wollmann) 또는 "파괴적 간섭" (Czada/Lehmbruch)의 시기에 이어서 서독 제도의 전이로 귀결되고 사회적 "재분화(Merkel)가 다시 등장하는 "전이" 단계 그리고 제 3단계에서는 "포스트-트란스포메이션"의 시기로 이 단계에서 우리는 정치와 행정의 규칙과 절차들이 일상적인 형태를 띠게 되면서 체제의 안정화가 진행되는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 동시에 지역적 특수성이 분명하게 부각되고 기구와 제도의 변동이 지속적이지만 아주 경미하게 진행되는 것을 확인할 수도 있다. 이에 대한 예로는 동독에서 지역 행정 또는 지방 차원에서 행정구역을 개편하는 것과 같은 새로운 조정모델의 (New Public Management) 도입과 같은 것을 들 수 있다. 이 세단계의 발전은 지속적으로 앞으로 나아간다는 것과 같은 의미에서 일직선적으로 진행 되는 것이 결코 아니다. 우리는 그 과정에서 오히려 단절과 파괴적인 간섭 그리고 후퇴하는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 여기서 말하는 후퇴라는 것은 무엇보다도 곧 촉진될 것과 같은 과거 동독의 탈산업화 분위기 속에서 늦어도 1992부터 진정한 "통일의 위기"(Czada)가 분명하게 드러났던 것을 말한다. 논문에서 조사한 대상은 지역 단위의 대의기구, 행정조직 또는 당 조직에서 선거를 통해 관직 또는 의석을 차지한 지위엘리트들이다. 이들은 직위 덕에 전략을 세울 수 있는 능력을 갖고 있다. 그들은 체제교체의 초기부터 행위자로서 부분적으로 그 과정을 조종했고 나아가 그들 자신이 요직을 차지하고 있었던 구성체가 격어야 했던 구조적 인적 변동 과정에도 영향력을 행사하였다. 예를 들어 1989/90년 전환기에 지역 행정단위에서 구동독 행정인원의 대부분을 (수평적인 직위 이동을 통해) 수용하는 것이 엘리트들의 암묵적인 합의의 일부였다. 이 논문에서는 조사 대상인 엘리트들의 충원, 그들의 사회적 이력, 직업관, 지역적 사회적 연줄, 개인적 삶의 궤적 그리고 그들이 전문성을 갖게 되는 과정, 유동성과 한 직위에서 머무르는 기간 등에 대한 자료가 소개될 것이다. 이러한 자료들의 동서간의 비교를 통해서 적응 그리고 분화의 표식들이 분명하게 드러나게 될 것이다. 통일 과정에서 엘리트의 변동은 그 자체적인 발전과정을 겪는다.

Functional Dyspepsia

Holtmann, Gerald,Hu, Wayne H.C.,Talley, Nicholas J. Medical Publications Korea 1996 Medical Progress Vol.18 No.8

Determinants for further wishes for cosmetic and reconstructive interventions in 1652 patients with surgical treated carcinomas of the oral cavity

Holtmann, Henrik,Spalthoff, Simon,Gellrich, Nils-Claudius,Handschel, Jorg,Lommen, Julian,Kubler, Norbert R.,Kruskemper, Gertrud,Rana, Majeed,Sander, Karoline Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2017 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.39 No.-

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.

Estimation of 3D shape from image orientations

Fleming, R.W.,Holtmann-Rice, D.,Bulthoff, H.H. National Academy of Sciences 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.108 No.51

Estimating spatial patterns of air temperature at building‐resolving spatial resolution in Seoul, Korea

Yi, Chaeyeon,Kim, Kyu Rang,An, Seung Man,Choi, Young‐,Jean,Holtmann, Achim,Jä,nicke, Britta,Fehrenbach, Ute,Scherer, Dieter John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 International journal of climatology Vol.36 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The thermal environment in urban areas is substantially influenced by local surface properties and their modification through human activities. The effects of urban climate on human health are one of the motivations for the development of various urban climate analysis tools. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) is a tool that incorporates a meso‐scale atmospheric model and conceptual geographic information system (GIS)‐based models to provide gridded air temperature deviations based on high‐resolution land cover information. The CAS output was evaluated using air temperatures observed at 18 automatic weather stations (AWS) located in the detail region (DR) Eunpyeong. Correlation analyses were performed to reveal the influence of different land cover characteristics and CAS output variables on measured air temperature deviations. Based on the results of the correlation analyses in the study region (SR) Seoul, a regression model (total air temperature distribution, TD′) was developed. It predicts spatially distributed air temperatures based on morphological parameters and an observed reference temperature. Using the TD′ model, maps of daily maximum air temperatures were produced for the entire area of Seoul with a horizontal resolution of 25 m, and of 5 m for the DR, the latter allows to assess the impacts of different building and vegetation structures on air temperature by resolving buildings. The TD′ model was evaluated using measurements at eight AWS. The TD′ model slightly overestimated daily maximum air temperatures in 2007 and 2011, but performed better for 2011, mainly because land cover data represent the final state of the urban development. The TD′ model appears to be a suitable tool for estimating air temperature distributions at building‐resolving resolutions. It can be used to assess changes in the thermal environment and heat‐related hazards through urban development plans already ahead of their realization.</P>

Tegaserod Increases Sigmoid Accommodation in Female Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Patients

이오영 ( Oh Young Lee ),( Bruce D Naliboff ),( Lin Chang ),( Michael D Crowell ),( Max Schmulson ),( Gerald J Holtmann ),( Hubert Monnikes ),( Jorge E Valenzuela ),( Jean Stains ),( Roger Bolus ),( Emera 대한소화관운동학회 2004 소화기연관학회 합동학술대회 Vol.10 No.20

Tegaserod Increases Sigmoid Accommodation in Female Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Patients

이오영 ( Oh Young Lee ),( Bruce D. Naliboff ),( Lin Chang ),( Michael D. Crowell ),( Max Schmulson ),( Gerald J. Holtmann ),( Hubert Monnikes ),( Jorge E. Valenzuela ),( Jean Stains ),( Roger Bolus ),( E 대한소화기학회 2004 대한소화기학회 추계학술대회 Vol.- No.-

생명기후분석시스템(BioCAS)을 이용한 폭염 건강위험의 검증 - 서울시 건물규모를 중심으로 -

김규랑 ( Kyu Rang Kim ),이지선 ( Ji-sun Lee ),이채연 ( Chaeyeon Yi ),김백조 ( Baek-jo Kim ),브리타얘니케 ( Britta Janicke ),아힘홀트만 ( Achim Holtmann ),디터쉐러 ( Dieter Scherer ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2016 환경영향평가 Vol.25 No.6

생명기후분석시스템(BioCAS)을 이용하여 서울시 전역의 폭염사례일 기온, 인지온도(PT), 초과사망률(rEM) 분포를 분석하였다. 분석 해상도는 25m 였으며, 사례일은 2012년 8월 5일이었다. 분석 결과는 관측된 사망률 및 내원환자수 자료와의 비교를 통해 평가되었다. 2004년에서 2013년의 폭염 원인인 사망률 자료와 2006년에서 2011년의 국민건강보험공단의 폭염 내원환자수 자료를 이용하여 행정구별 폭염 건강위험 자료를 추출하였다. 자료 비교를 위한 공간 해상도는 사망률 및 내원환자수 자료의 해상도인 행정구 단위였다. BioCAS에서 분석된 사례일 최고 인지온도 및 초과사망률 분포 자료는 행정구별 공간 평균, 최대, 최소 및 누적값으로 변환된 후 건강피해자료와 상관분석이 수행되었다. 분석 결과 일 최고 인지온도 및 초과사망률의 공간 평균값은 건강피해를 설명하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 대신 일 최고 인지온도의 공간 최솟값은 사망률과, 공간 최댓값은 내원환자수와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(각각 r=0.53, r=0.42). 즉, 밀집된 건물에 의해 생겨나는 공간 최댓값은 낮 동안의 일사병 발생과 내원환자수 증가에 영향을 주었고, 식생에 의해 나타나는 공간 최솟값은 밤 동안의 열 스트레스를 감소시켜 사망률에 영향을 주었던 것으로 판단된다. 한편 분석된 초과사망률(rEM)은 공간 최댓값과 내원환자수가 상관관계가 있었지만(r=0.52) 사망률과의 상관관계는 인정되지 않았는데, 이것은 연령별 인구구성 차이에 따른 기저 폭염위험도 차이 등 행정구별 불균일성을 고려하지 못한 한계가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 개별 건물과 식생의 열적 효과는 공간 평균보다 최대, 최소 등 그 분포가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 고해상도 분석기술은 도시의 건강영향평가를 통해 도시개발에 관한 경제성 분석에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다 The Bio-Climatic impact Assessment System, BioCAS was utilized to produce analysis maps of daily maximum perceived temperature (PT_max) and excess mortality (rEM) over the entire Seoul area on a heat wave event. The spatial resolution was 25 m and the Aug. 5, 2012 was the selected heat event date. The analyzed results were evaluated by comparing with observed health impact data - mortality and morbidity - during heat waves in 2004-2013 and 2006-2011, respectively. They were aggregated for 25 districts in Seoul. Spatial resolution of the comparison was equalized to district to match the lower data resolution of mortality and morbidity. Spatial maximum, minimum, average, and total of PT_max and rEM were generated and correlated to the health impact data of mortality and morbidity. Correlation results show that the spatial averages of PT_max and rEM were not able to explain the observed health impact. Instead, spatial minimum and maximum of PT_max were correlated with mortality (r=0.53) and morbidity (r=0.42), respectively. Spatial maximum of PT_max, determined by building density, affected increasing morbidity at daytime by heat-related diseases such as sunstroke, whereas spatial minimum, determined by vegetation, affected decreasing mortality at nighttime by reducing heat stress. On the other hand, spatial maximum of rEM was correlated with morbidity (r=0.52) but not with mortality. It may have been affected by the limit of district-level irregularity such as difference in base-line heat vulnerability due to the age structure of the population. Areal distribution of the heat impact by local building and vegetation, such as spatial maximum and minimum, was more important than spatial mean. Such high resolution analyses are able to produce quantitative results in health impact and can also be used for economic analyses of localized urban development.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Complicating Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ayesha Shah,Veenaa Pakeerathan,Michael P Jones,Purna C Kashyap,Kate Virgo,Thomas Fairlie,Mark Morrison,Uday C Ghoshal,Gerald J Holtmann 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.2

Background/AimsSystemic sclerosis (SSc) often is complicated by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). A systematic review and meta-analysis thus examined the prevalence of SIBO in SSc (SSc-subtypes), identify risk factors for SIBO in SSc and the effects of concomitant SIBO on gastrointestinal symptoms in SSc. MethodsWe searched electronic databases until January-2022 for studies providing prevalence rates of SIBO in SSc. The prevalence rates, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SIBO in SSc and controls were calculated. ResultsThe final dataset comprised 28 studies with 1112 SSc-patients and 335 controls. SIBO prevalence in SSc-patients was 39.9% (95% CI, 33.1-47.1; P = 0.006), with considerable heterogeneity, (I2 = 76.00%, P < 0.001). As compared to controls, there was a 10-fold increased SIBO prevalence in SSc-patients (OR, 9.6; 95% CI, 5.6-16.5; P < 0.001). The prevalence of SIBO was not different in limited cutaneous SSc as compared to diffuse cutaneous SSc (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.46-2.20; P = 0.978). Diarrhea (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.9-16.0; P = 0.001) and the association between SIBO in SSc and proton pump inhibitor use (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.8-6.4; P = 0.105) failed statistical significance. Rifaximin was significantly more effective as compared to rotating antibiotic in eradicating SIBO in SSc-patients (77.8% [95% CI, 64.4-87.9]) vs 44.8% [95% CI, 31.7-58.4]; P < 0.05). ConclusionsThere is a 10-fold increased prevalence of SIBO in SSc, with similar SIBO prevalence rates in SSc-subtypes. Antimicrobial therapy of SIBO-positive SSc-patients with diarrhea should be considered. However, the results must be interpreted with caution due to substantial unexplained heterogeneity in the prevalence studies, and the low sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests suggesting that the reliability of the evidence may be low.