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Peter Hoare,Katherine Sevar 대한신경정신의학회 2007 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.4 No.2
Objective-To use Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) test battery to assess the effects of discontinuation of treatment with methylphenidate on the neuropsychological performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to compare this performance with normative data. Methods-Fifteen boys meeting criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV ADHD aged between 4.5-14.6 yrs were selected. The CANTAB test battery was conducted after discontinuation of methylphenidate for a minimum of 24 hours and was repeated one week after the recommencement of treatment. Results-Performance differences between the unmedicated/medicated groups were found on the pattern recognition memory task (F=0.37, p=0.041) and intra/extra-dimensional (IED) Set-Shifting task [number of stages completed (z=-4.572, p=0.001) and total errors (F= 1.36, p=0.046)]. In the unmedicated group, total errors made on IED Set-Shifting correlated with a lower strategy score on the Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task (r=0.518, p=0.048). In the medicated group, greater Spatial Span Length correlated with fewer “between search” errors made on the SWM test (r=0.657, p=0.008). Conclusion-Discontinuation of methylphenidate impairs performance on the CANTAB test battery in children with ADHD. These impairments, primarily in executive function, could be indicative of dysfunction in fronto-striatal networks, that methylphenidate can improve through manipulation of catecholaminergic pathways in the brain.
Gal,S. W.,Hoare,S.,Peter,C.,Dunn,M. Hunzicker,Soloff,M. S. 한국생명과학회 2001 한국생명과학회 학술발표회 Vol.31 No.-
Bacground: Preprorelaxin (preproRLX) mRNA levels in the rat ovary increase markedly around midpregrancy in rats. This elevation is likely the result of placental lactogen (rPL) action, as the onset of preproRLX mRNA expression coincides with rPL secretion and is dependent on the placenta. Either rat placental lactogen or its pituitary equivalent, prolactin(PRL), stimulates production of preproRLX mRNA by luteinized rat ovarian granulosa cells in primary culture (Perers et al, Mol. Endocrinol., in press). Objective: To understand the signal pathway and Transcription factors involved in PRL-stimulated preproRLX synthesis, we have cloned and begun characterizing the rat RLX gene. Results: The gene has a single transcription start site, as determined by primer extension analysis, and a canonical TATA box, located 21 to 27 bases uostream from the start site. In preliminary studies using promoter/reporter constructs transiently transfected into rat luteinized granulosa cells in primary culture, we found that there are three regions of interest in the 5´-flanking sequence of the gene ; 1) the proximal promoter accounting for high levels of basal expression ; 2) a more distal region accounting for reduced expression ; and 3) an even more distal region involved in PRL stimulation (or derepression). Cotransfection with a stat5b expression plasmid enhanced relaxin promoter-deriven expression ; the effects of stat5b were increased by PRL treatment. None of the other stat types (1,3,5a) were effective in enhancing promoter activity. Finer mapping of the cis-acting sequences should allow us to identify the stat5b binding sites and to determine the identities of other trans-acting factors involved in regulation of RLX gene expression. Conclusions: From these studies, we hope to develop a model explaining the interactions between signal pathways and transcription factors that lead to activation of RLX gene expression.