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Conditional PTEN-deficient Mice as a Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention Model
Koike, Hiroyuki,Nozawa, Masahiro,De Velasco, Marco A,Kura, Yurie,Ando, Naomi,Fukushima, Emiko,Yamamoto, Yutaka,Hatanaka, Yuji,Yoshikawa, Kazuhiro,Nishio, Kazuto,Uemura, Hirotsugu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5
Background: We generated a mouse model of prostate cancer based on the adult-prostate-specific inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) using the Cre-loxP system. The potential of our mice as a useful animal model was examined by evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of the anti-androgen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA). Materials and Methods: Six-week-old mice were treated subcutaneously with $50{\mu}g/g$ of CMA three times a week for 9 or 14 weeks and sacrificed at weeks 15 and 20. Macroscopic change of the entire genitourinary tract (GUT) and histologically evident prostate gland tumor development were evaluated. Proliferation and apoptosis status in the prostate were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: CMA triggered significant shrinkage of not only the GUT but also prostate glands at 15 weeks compared to the control (p=0.017 and p=0.010, respectively), and the trend became more marked after a further five-weeks of treatment. The onset of prostate adenocarcinoma was not prevented but the proliferation of cancer cells was inhibited by CMA, which suggested the androgen axis is critical for cancer growth in these mice. Conclusions: Conditional PTEN-deficient mice are useful as a preclinical model for chemoprevention studies and serve as a valuable tool for the future screening of potential chemopreventive agents.
Development of a Portable Motor Vehicle for Personal Transportation
Hun-ok Lim,Masayuki Yoshikawa,Hiroyuki Tamai 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
This paper presents a personal motor vehicle (PMV). The PMV has been developed under three design concepts. (1) It must be able to be used as a baggage and passenger conveyance system. (2) It must be lightweight and portable. (3) It must be easily controllable by the rider. The PMV consists of two wheels, a differential gear and a base. The speed of the PMV is controlled according to the foot pressure that is measured by two force sensors. Using the PMV, passenger riding and luggage conveyance experiments are conducted on flat and rough terrain, and the effectiveness of its mechanism and control system is confirmed.
Mamiko Onuki,Koji Matsumoto,Manabu Sakurai,Hiroyuki Ochi,Takeo Minaguchi,Toyomi Satoh,Hiroyuki Yoshikawa 대한부인종양학회 2016 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.27 No.1
Objective: We conducted a pooled analysis of published studies to compare the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology in detecting residual or recurrent diseases after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3). Methods: Source articles presenting data on posttreatment HPV testing were identified from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database. We included 5,319 cases from 33 articles published between 1996 and 2013. Results: The pooled sensitivity of high-risk HPV testing (0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 0.94) for detecting posttreatment CIN 2 or worse (CIN 2+) was much higher than that of cytology (0.76; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.80). Co-testing of HPV testing and cytology maximized the sensitivity (0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96), while HPV genotyping (detection of the same genotype between pre- and posttreatments) did not improve the sensitivity (0.89; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.94) compared with high-risk HPV testing alone. The specificity of high-risk HPV testing (0.83; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.84) was similar to that of cytology (0.85; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.87) and HPV genotyping (0.83; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.85), while co-testing had reduced specificity (0.76; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.78). For women with positive surgical margins, high-risk HPV testing provided remarkable risk discrimination between test-positives and test-negatives (absolute risk of residual CIN 2+ 74.4% [95% CI, 64.0 to 82.6] vs. 0.8% [95% CI, 0.15 to 4.6]; p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings recommend the addition of high-risk HPV testing, either alone or in conjunction with cytology, to posttreatment surveillance strategies. HPV testing can identify populations at greatest risk of posttreatment CIN 2+ lesions, especially among women with positive section margins.
Jeon, Ki-Seok,Oh, Seung-Do,Suh, Yung Doug,Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki,Masuhara, Hiroshi,Yoon, Minjoong Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.11 No.3
<P>Blinking photoluminescence was observed in single TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanodiscs (NDs) by using a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM)-coupled steady-state and ps-time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic system, while it was not significantly observed for TiO<SUB>2</SUB> quantum dots (QDs). Analysis of the PL blinking time trajectories revealed single-exponential kinetics with the average lifetimes of on-state (∼286 ms) and off-state (∼58 ms), implying the existence of inherent surface-trap sites which can be filled by photogenerated electron or hole. The PL spectra of single TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NDs exhibited broad surface emissions with four decay times, which may be due to diffusion of the energies of electron or hole trap states related to surface structural changes by modification of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> QDs. These results and the surface structural analysis (IR and XPS) suggests a simple model for the PL blinking of single TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NDs that is based on repetitive interfacial electron transfer to the inherent surface trap sites (<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>–OH) with Auger-assisted hole trapping in the multiple surface states as modified by the diffusive coordinate model and the surface-trap-filling model. Based on this blinking mechanism and kinetics, the rates of the interfacial electron transfer and the back electron transfer in TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NDs were determined to be 18 ns and 58 ms, respectively, which are slow enough to keep the polarization of e–h pairs at the surface for efficient photocatalysis and photovoltaic activities. The present methodology and results may be applicable to obtain surface exciton dynamics of various photoelectronic semiconductor nanostructures.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Blinking photoluminescence was observed in single TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanodiscs, which is due to repetitive interfacial electron transfer to the inherent surface trap sites. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b812361f'> </P>