[Oral Session 2] DETERMINATION OF THE CATIONIC DEMAND OF PAPERMAKING STOCK USING CHROMO-PHORIC LABELED CATIONIC POLYMERS

Hiroo Tanaka,Hideaki Ichiura,Takuya Kitaoka 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

A cationic demand (CD) is a very useful indication for determining the optimum dosage rate of retention aids to the papermaking stock at the wet end. Polyelectrolyte titration has been most often used to determine a CD. Highly accurate results can be obtained by this method when the ionic strength of sample is low. But this is accompanied by the serious errors when the ionic strength is higher than that corresponding to 20 milli molar (mM) monovalent, 2 mM divalent or 0.2 mM trivalent ions because of no occurrence of the end point of titration. Therefore. it is very difficult or almost impossible for the conventional method to be applied to the industrial suspensions such as papermaking stock and industrial waste water. Then a novel method using chromophoric labeled cationic polymer which can be applicable to the sample with high ionic strength has been developed.

[Oral Session 6] X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTOSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS ADSORBED ON PULP FIBER SURFACES

Takuya Kitaoka,Hiroo Tanaka 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

Aluminum sulfate (alum) as a representative retention aid in papermaking processes was added to pulp suspensions, and the aluminum components adsorbed on the pulp were investigated quantitatively by two types of X-ray elementary analyses with regard to simultaneous changes of their surface charges. X­ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) were applied to determine the aluminum components retained in pulp pads up to ca. 10 nm and 100 11m depth, respectively. In other words, XPS was utilized to analyze the outermost surface layers of the samples, and XFA was available for measurement of their extensive regions. A particle charge detector (PCD) was used to monitor streaming potentials at various pHs of the pulp mixtures under moderate sharing conditions. At pH 4.5 of pulp suspensions containing alum, surface charges of pulp fibers varied from negative to slight negative (approximately neutral) according to adsorption of aluminum components onto the pulp fibers. Subsequently, when a dilute NaOH solution in limited amounts was added to pulp mixtures. both streaming potentials and surface aluminum content of the pulp fibers increased distinctly although little total aluminum retention increased. Further addition of alkali solutions brought drastic decreases of the surface charges and surface aluminum content, while total aluminum content, on the contrary. increased gradually under neutral conditions.<br/> These results indicate that residual aluminum ions remained in pulp suspensions are predominantly adsorbed on surfaces of pulp fibers by adequate alkali additions, and they must sufficiently cationize the fiber surfaces with increases of somewhat cationic aluminum complexes formed on the surfaces. On the other hand, aluminum components formed in higher pH ranges have nearly no contribution to improvement of charge properties of the pulp fiber surfaces, even though aluminum retention in pulp pads increases. XPS and XFA analyses combined with streaming potential measurement using a PCD suggest close relationships between aluminum content on the pulp fiber surfaces and their charge properties.

[Oral Session 5] PREPARATION OF POLYMERS WITH ISOCYANATE GROUPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS AS PAPER STRENGTH ADDITIVES

Xiumei Zhang,Hiroo Tanaka 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

Results are shown on the preparation and characterization of homopolymer of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate ( MOI) and copolymers of MOI with styrene synthesized by radical polymerization. The significant effectiveness of the polymers as additives for paper dry and wet strength was found. Dry strength can be increased by 75% and wet strength retention of sheets can reach 30% based on the increased dry strength and about 50% based on the dry strength of untreated sheet. Based on isocyanate group consumption, copolymers containing less isocyanate can give better effect than homopolymer in sheet wet strength improvement. Furthermore, the base paper containing a small amount of polyallylamine hydrochloride was used for polymer treatment and got higher wet strength improvement.

[Poster Presentation] Surface Analysis of Papers Treated with N-chloro-polyacrylamide Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy:Mechanism of Wet Strength Development

Chen Shaoping,Wu Zonghua,Tanaka Hiroo 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

The surfaces of sheets added with N-chloro-polyacrylamide (N-C1-PAM) are analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to clarify the chemical bonding involved in the paper strength development induced by N-C1-PAM. The comparison of the observed N1s chemical shift of the sheet with those of the paper strength additives and the model compound, l-butyryl-3-propyl urea, illustrated the presence of covalent bonds of alkyl acyl urea and urethane on the fiber surfaces. Thus the formation of the covalent .bonds by N-CIthemselves and by N-C1-PAM with cellulose and hemicellulose may be an explanation for much higher effectiveness of N-C1-PAM on the improvement of wet strength of paper than A-PAM.

Cation基의 분포가 다른 Cationic Polyacrylamides(C-PAM)의 펄프에의 흡착성 : 흡착시간의 영향에 대하여

朴成培,趙鍾洙,尹承洛,田中浩雄 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

The adsorption of two cationic polyacrylamides (C-PAM), with similar molecular weights (MW) 5.3·10^5 and 5.1·10^5 and charge density (CD) 1.19 and 1.25 meq/g but with different distribution of cationic groups respectively has been studied. There are two kinds of substrates ; one is cellulose fiber without fine fraction, and the other is cellulose fibers with fine fraction. At the stirring speed used, the adsorption of these C-PAMs onto cellulose fibers was rapid regadless of cationic distribution, and the adsorption amount of C-PAM with homogeneous cationic distribution was a little greater than that with heterogeneous cationic distribution. This small difference is probably due to the existence of irregularities on the surface of cellulose fibers and the greater diffusion of the C-PAM with homogeneous cationic distribution. That only a small difference is observed is due primarily to the strong attraction between opposite charges. The adsorbed amounts of C-PAM gradually increased both for cellulose fibers, most rapidly for Cellulose fibers with fine fraction and most slowly for Cellulose fibers without fine fraction. These results can be attributed to the porous nature of the cellulose fibers and the adsorption area of the fine fraction.

Increased Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells by Dacarbazine in a Patient with Mucosal Penile Melanoma Refractory to Nivolumab

( Masato Funazumi ),( Takeshi Namiki ),( Yumi Arima ),( Kohei Kato ),( Kohei Nojima ),( Kentaro Tanaka ),( Keiko Miura ),( Hiroo Yokozeki ) 대한피부과학회 2016 Annals of Dermatology Vol.28 No.4

Primary penile melanomas are rare tumors that represent less than 0.1% of all melanomas. We report a case of a 60-year-old Japanese male with a mucosal penile melanoma and describe an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in brain after dacarbazine (DTIC) administration. After partial penectomy and left inguinal lymphadenectomy, he developed multiple lung, bone, spleen, brain and skin metastases. He was treated with interferon-β, DTIC and nivolumab. However, the metastases were not reduced in size. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase of CD8+ T cell infiltration and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression after the administration of DTIC, but the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was negative. We speculate that DTIC exerted immunostimulatory effects, but nivolumab was ineffective due to the negative expression of PD-1 and/or an insufficient infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Although this is only one case, this case report could be the first step to discuss the development of effective therapies against melanoma to take advantage of the increased CD8+ T cell in-filtration elicited by chemotherapeutic agents. It would be beneficial to pay more attention to the relationship between DTIC and immune checkpoint modulators. (Ann Dermatol 28(4) 486∼490, 2016)