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심헌용 ( Sim¸ Heon-yong ) 한국군사학회 2020 군사논단 Vol.104 No.-
Nowadays it’s alive to discuss on the historical legitimacy of the national army of the Republic of Korea(NA ROK). The core of debate is on its historical roots. Till now, it has been known us to originate from the building of the Korean Constabulary Reserve. However the other point of view has been made a statement, that is, from the establishment of the Korean Independence Army(KIA), as the regular army of the Provisional Government of ROK(PG ROK). From the pint of scientific view It has been studied as the prodecessor already from 1950’s-60’s years on the Righteous Army - Army for Independence-KIA. on the traditionary military lines or korean armies. And the more the era of 1990’a Post Cold war historical documents of the late socialist states gave to korean academic circles over the problem of the legitimacy of NA ROK, too. Than is why, this article aims to clarify the point of view on the historical roots of legitimacy of NA ROK as follows. Above all, the Former assumption been raised under the system of Cold war from the regime of US Military Government(US MG), which refrain the activities of KIA of PG ROK etc. US MG appointed leaders of KIA, PG ROK to the important posts of the National Defense Institutions and the general Headquarters. Nevertheless, the NA ROK as a regular army, which succeeded to the constitutional legitimacy of PG ROK. ROK administration inherited administrative and military rights from US MG and established the NA. NA ROK succeeded the system of military control.
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Copper Ion from Cu2O Crystal Induces AMPK-Mediated Autophagy via Superoxide in En-dothelial Cells
Heonyong Park,Youngsik Seo,Young-Sik Cho,Young-Duk Huh 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.3
Copper is an essential element required for a variety of functions exerted by cuproproteins. An alteration of the copper level is associated with multiple pathological conditions including chronic ischemia, atherosclerosis and cancers. Therefore, copper homeostasis, maintained by a combination of two copper ions (Cu+ and Cu2+), is critical for health. However, less is known about which of the two copper ions is more toxic or functional in endothelial cells. Cubic-shaped Cu2O and CuO crystals were prepared to test the role of the two different ions, Cu+ and Cu2+, respectively. The Cu2O crystal was found to have an effect on cell death in endothelial cells whereas CuO had no effect. The Cu2O crystals appeared to induce p62 degradation, LC3 processing and an elevation of LC3 puncta, important processes for autophagy, but had no effect on apoptosis and necrosis. Cu2O crystals promote endothelial cell death via autophagy, elevate the level of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and nitric oxide, and subsequently activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through superoxide rather than nitric oxide. Consistently, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C was found to inhibit Cu2O-induced AMPK activation, p62 degradation, and LC3 pro-cessing. This study provides insight on the pathophysio-logic function of Cu+ ions in the vascular system, where Cu+ induces autophagy while Cu2+ has no detected effect.
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Monetary Policy Shocks and Exchange Rate Changes in Korea
Heonyong Jung,Myunghoon Han 국제문화기술진흥원 2019 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.1
This paper examines whether the exchange rate respond differently to monetary policy shocks in Korea using regression model. We find an asymmetric response of the monetary policy shocks to the monetary policy shocks in the context of Korea. Over the whole period sample, we do not find the effect of an actual interest rate on exchange rate. But we find that the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative and statistically significant. In the period of monetary policy easing, the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative but not statistically significant. In contrast, the period of monetary policy tightening, the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative and statistically significant.
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Monetary Policy Shocks and Exchange Rate Changes in Korea
Jung, Heonyong,Han, Myunghoon The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2019 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.1
This paper examines whether the exchange rate respond differently to monetary policy shocks in Korea using regression model. We find an asymmetric response of the monetary policy shocks to the monetary policy shocks in the context of Korea. Over the whole period sample, we do not find the effect of an actual interest rate on exchange rate. But we find that the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative and statistically significant. In the period of monetary policy easing, the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative but not statistically significant. In contrast, the period of monetary policy tightening, the estimated coefficient on the expected and unexpected change in the policy rate are negative and statistically significant.
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Fibronectin-Dependent Cell Adhesion is Required for Shear-Dependent ERK Activation
Park, Heonyong,Shin, Jaeyoung,Lee, Jung Weon,Jo, Hanjoong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2004 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.8 No.1
Endothellial cells are subjected to hemodynamic shear stress, the dragging force generated by blood flow. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell shape, structure, and function, including gene expression. Since endothelial cells must be anchored to their extracellular matrices(ECM) for their survival and growth, we hypothesized that ECMs are crucial for shear-dependent activation of extracellular signalactivated regulated kinase(ERK) that is important for cell proliferation. Shear stress-dependent activation of ERK was observed in cells plated on two different matrices, fibronectin and vitronectin(the two most physiologically relevant ECM in endothelial cells). We then treated bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs) with Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) peptides that block the functional activation of integrin binding to fibronectin and vitronectin, and a nonfunctional peptide as a control. Treatment of cells with the RGD peptides, but not the control peptide, significantly inhibited ERK activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This supports the idea that integrin adhesion to the ligands, fibronectin and vitronectin, mediates shear stress-dependent activation of ERK. Subsequently, whereas antagonists of vitronectin(LM 609, an antibody for integrin ${\alpha}_{\gamma}$/${\beta}_3$ and XT 199, an antagonist specific for integrin ${\alpha}_{\gamma}$/${\beta}_3$) did not have any effect on shear-dependent activation of ERK, antagonists of fibronectin(a neutralizing antibody for integrin ${\alpha}_5$/${\beta}_1$or ${\alpha}_4$${\beta}_1$ and SM256) had an inhibitory effect. These results clearly demonstrate that mechanoactivation of ERK requires anchoring of endothelial cells to fibronectin through integrins.
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수요와 공급 요인의 유가쇼크에 대한 한국 경제의 상이한 반응
정헌용,Jung, Heonyong 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.4 No.3
본 연구는 아시아의 대표적인 신흥경제국으로 원유수입국이며 소규모 개방경제인 한국을 대상으로 유가쇼크의 거시경제 효과를 충격반응함수를 추정하여 분석하였다는데 의의가 있다. 유가쇼크는 대부분 공급 측면의 요인에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 왔으나, 본 연구는 유가쇼크를 수요와 공급 측면에서 세 가지로 구분하여 그 거시경제 효과를 분석하였다. 한국의 경우에 있어, 유가쇼크는 쇼크의 요인에 따라 상이한 반응을 보였다. 원유공급쇼크는 산업 활동과 금리를 하락시키며, 원유 자체 수요쇼크는 다른 요인에 의한 유가쇼크보다 상대적으로 금리를 가장 크게 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 경제호황에 의한 원유수요쇼크는 다른 요인에 의한 유가쇼크보다 물가와 환율을 상대적으로 가장 크게 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 정책당국은 유가쇼크의 요인에 따라 상이한 정책 대응을 할 필요가 있을 것이다. The article studies macroeconomic effects of the oil shock for Korea, which is a representative emerging economy of Asia and a small open economy. This article analyzed the macroeconomic effects of oil shocks in terms of demand and supply. In the case of Korea, oil price shocks different responds depending on factors of shock. Oil supply shock have led to a decline in industrial activity and interest rate, and oil specific demand shock have shown the greatest increase in interest rate relative to other oil price shocks. In addition, oil demand shock driven by economic activity showed that the comsumer price and the exchange rate are the largest compared to the oil shock caused by other factors. Therefore, policy makers will need to identify the source of the oil shock.
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Identity and Construction in Postmodern Context of Art Film Blue is the Warmest Color
Nan Li,Heonyong Jung 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.1
This paper focuses on the aesthetic ideology and aesthetic style embodied in the work of ‘Blue is the Warmest Color’ to dissect it and examine the identity and construction of identity as a minority group in a postmodern context. Blue is the Warmest Color is a film that focuses on homosexual emotions in adolescent development, showing the budding love and emotional orientation of a 15-year-old girl’s adolescence, and the ecstsy and torment that comes with an awakened consciousness. The evolutionary process of the characters' emotional orientations is dissected, pointing out that the central theme of the film is the concern for fluid identity and self-identity. Through the narrative and the setting of the characters' emotional patterns and the "Body Writing" of women, this paper further examine the typical variability and fragmentation of postmodern identity, and interpret in detail the content, messages and effects of the characters' dialogues in the film to illustrate the way in which the work expresses class and identity differences. The research method is based on textual analysis and theoretical research.
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