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Geographic Routing Protocol : A Review
Harminder Kaur,Harsukhpreet Singh,Anurag Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.2
Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are the self-organized networks in which connections are not established for exchange the information. In MANET, there are major problems like scalability, dynamic topology, high mobility and routing. The network can be damaged due to the high mobility. Topology based routing can fail when there is a dynamic change in the network topology. To avoid these problems, Geographic routing is used. The geographic routing protocols are more efficient and scalable when there is a dynamic change in the network topology and when the mobility is high. In this paper, we have surveyed on the Hybrid Routing and Geographic routing protocol. The hybrid routing can be done into two ways i.e. greedy routing and face-2 algorithm or perimeter routing.
Studies on immunomodulatory effect of endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata on Spodoptera litura
Harminder Preet Kaur,Bahaderjeet Singh,Abhinay Thakur,Amarjeet Kaur,Sanehdeep Kaur 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.1
Secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi have been known to suppress the immune response of various insects. Hence, we have investigated the effect of endophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata on cellular and humoral immune response of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Significant drop in total hemocyte count has been observed in the larvae fed on diet supplemented with ethyl acetate extract of A. alternata as compared to those fed on untreated or control diet devoid of ethyl acetate extract. Similarly differential hemocyte count of the larvae feeding on amended diet differed significantly from control. As compared to control significantly higher percentage of hemocytes exhibited abnormalities like aggregation, change in shape, extensive vacuolization and necrosis. The cytotoxic effect showed a dose dependent response which increased with time. A reduction in phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities was also observed. The data suggest that the secondary metabolites produced by A. alternata disabled several immunemechanisms of the insect. These studieswould help to identify the insect defenses that could be manipulated to accelerate host death due to fungal endophytes.
Harminder Singh,Anu Sheetal,Jaspreet Kaur,Maninder Singh,Manupriya Sharma 대한금속·재료학회 2023 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.19 No.5
The main idea behind this study is to fabricate a cost-effective and eco-friendly source of electrical energy for battery-less IOT devices, sensors and small medical/electronic wearable devices, as per the UN’s sustainable development goal SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy). In this study, an electrical energy generation device triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is designed and fabricated from fish fin, which is biocompatible, non-toxic, and treated as waste material in the fish market. The fish fin isolated from the waste of the fish is converted to the dielectric layer of the TENG, which is further utilized to convert ambient mechanical energy into useful electrical energy. The thermal stability of the material also has been tested using TGA, and it was observed that it was stable to work up to 100°C. Other biomaterial combinations of egg shell membrane, dog hairs, and tree cotton are also tested in this study. The output of the fish fin based fabricated TENG is utilized to power up 65 green LEDs connected in the series, which is equivalent to 130 V of voltage, and the current of 1.1µA was measured across a 1MΩ resistor. This output of the TENG was used to power up a small digital watch. The fabricated device can also be used as sensor to detect human motion.
Naveena Kumara K. T.,Singh Harminder,Kaur Nirmaljit,Kang B. K.,Devi Indira 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.5
The present study was aimed to assess the effi cacy of foliar-applied uniconazole on fl ower induction, and fruit yield of mango cv. ‘Dusehri’ at Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experiment was conducted simultaneously at two diff erent locations, for two cropping seasons during 2019–20 (ON year) and 2020–21 (OFF year). The pre-fl owering treatments of paclobutrazol and uniconazole were sprayed during September and October at diff erent rates. Experimental plants were observed for various biochemical, vegetative, reproductive and yield parameters. According to the results, foliar application of uniconazole (T6) @ 1.0 g a.i/m canopy applied twice signifi cantly enhanced chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and C:N ratio and negatively aff ected shoot growth, nitrogen content by inhibiting the gibberellin biosynthesis. Ultimately, uniconazole improved fl owering, fruit retention, fruit yield, and fruit size in mango cv. ‘Dusehri’. Therefore, the foliar application of uniconazole can be considered as a better alternative to paclobutrazol in fl ower induction of mango.