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In-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some varieties citrus grown in Algeria
Nacera Haraoui,Rachida Allem,Tarik Mohammed Chaouche,Ahmed Belouazni 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.1
Polyphenols are scientifically researched molecules because of their multiple biological activities. This study aims to compare the phenolic content and estimate the antioxidant and anti-microbial activities of leaf extracts and juice of ten varieties Citrus fruits grown in Algeria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-carotene-linoleic acid system and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar well diffusion method. The results showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds in juice and leaves of different part and varieties of plant (*P < 0.05). Among all the varieties, C. maxima and C. aurantium presents the highest activity for the three methods cited previously (94.44–91.66% and 95.41–83.84%). On the other hand, antibacterial activity present on the plates was indicated by an inhibition zone surrounding the well containing the juice. The C. Limon and C. aurantium varieties exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zone ranging from (27.66 ± 0.58, 24.66 ± 1.53 mm) followed by grapefruit and mandarin with areas between (23.00 ± 1.00, 17.66 ± 0.58 mm) on the isolates used. In this study, whatever the parts of citrus (juice and leaves) have been found to contain higher amounts of phenolics and their efficiency as potent antioxidants and antimicrobial properties was confirmed.
Westhovens, R,Robles, M,Ximenes, A C,Nayiager, S,Wollenhaupt, J,Durez, P,Gomez-Reino, J,Grassi, W,Haraoui, B,Shergy, W,Park, S-H,Genant, H,Peterfy, C,Becker, J-C,Covucci, A,Helfrick, R,Bathon, J BMJ Group 2009 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.68 No.12
<P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>To assess the efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and poor prognostic factors.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>In this double-blind, phase IIIb study, patients with RA for 2 years or less were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to receive abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) plus methotrexate, or placebo plus methotrexate. Patients were methotrexate-naive and seropositive for rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) type 2 or both and had radiographic evidence of joint erosions. The co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28)-defined remission (C-reactive protein) and joint damage progression (Genant-modified Sharp total score; TS) at year 1. Safety was monitored throughout.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>At baseline, patients had a mean DAS28 of 6.3, a mean TS of 7.1 and mean disease duration of 6.5 months; 96.5% and 89.0% of patients were RF or anti-CCP2 seropositive, respectively. At year 1, a significantly greater proportion of abatacept plus methotrexate-treated patients achieved remission (41.4% vs 23.3%; p<0.001) and there was significantly less radiographic progression (mean change in TS 0.63 vs 1.06; p = 0.040) versus methotrexate alone. Over 1 year, the frequency of adverse events (84.8% vs 83.4%), serious adverse events (7.8% vs 7.9%), serious infections (2.0% vs 2.0%), autoimmune disorders (2.3% vs 2.0%) and malignancies (0.4% vs 0%) was comparable for abatacept plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>In a methotrexate-naive population with early RA and poor prognostic factors, the combination of abatacept and methotrexate provided significantly better clinical and radiographic efficacy compared with methotrexate alone and had a comparable, favourable safety profile.</P>
Westhovens, Rene,Robles, Manuel,Ximenes, Antonio Carlos,Wollenhaupt, Jurgen,Durez, Patrick,Gomez-Reino, Juan,Grassi, Walter,Haraoui, Boulos,Shergy, William,Park, Sung-Hwan,Genant, Harry,Peterfy, Charl H. K. Lewis 2015 Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol.74 No.3
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>To evaluate maintenance of response while reducing intravenous abatacept dose from ∼10 mg/kg to ∼5 mg/kg in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved disease activity score (DAS)28 (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR) <2.6.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This 1-year, multinational, randomised, double-blind substudy evaluated the efficacy and safety of ∼10 mg/kg and ∼5 mg/kg abatacept in patients with early RA with poor prognosis who had reached DAS28 (ESR) <2.6 at year 2 of the AGREE study. The primary outcome was time to disease relapse (defined as additional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, ≥2 courses high-dose steroids, return to open-label abatacept ∼10 mg/kg, or DAS28 (C reactive protein) ≥3.2 at two consecutive visits).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>108 patients were randomised (∼10 mg/kg, n=58; ∼5 mg/kg, n=50). Three and five patients, respectively, discontinued, and four per group returned to open-label abatacept. Relapse over time and the proportion of patients relapsing were similar in both groups (31% (∼10 mg/kg) vs 34% (∼5 mg/kg); HR: 0.87 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.69)). Mean steady-state trough serum concentration for the ∼10 mg/kg group was 20.3–24.1 µg/mL, compared with 8.8–12.0 µg/mL for the ∼5 mg/kg group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This exploratory study suggests that abatacept dose reduction may be an option in patients with poor prognosis early RA who achieve DAS28 (ESR) <2.6 after ≥1 year on abatacept (∼10 mg/kg).</P><P><B>Trial registration number</B></P><P>NCT00989235.</P>